is through experience,

通過經驗，

or more precisely through reflection on doing.

或者更確切地說是通過反思做事。

Also called experiential learning,

也稱為體驗學習，

it's what prima ballerinas do

這就是芭蕾舞女演員所做的

after their performance at the national opera.

在國家歌劇院表演之後。

But it also happens to boys that are sad

但這也發生在悲傷的男孩身上

because their father got angry

因為他們的父親生氣了

when they played football in the living room.

當他們在客廳踢足球時。

By the age of one,

到一歲時

we all had our own painful encounter with

我們都有自己的痛苦遭遇

experiential learning

體驗式學習

when we tried to walk, failed,

當我們嘗試走路時失敗了

fell and cried like, well a baby…

跌倒哭了，像個嬰兒...

And even though this was an unpleasant and

即使這是令人不快的

discouraging exercise that lasted for months

持續數月的令人沮喪的運動

in the end

到底

we all made it.

我們都做到了。

How is that possible?

那怎麼可能？

As soon as we fell and the first shock was over,

我們一摔倒，第一場震撼就結束了，

our brain unconsciously began to make sense

我們的大腦在不知不覺中開始變得有意義

out of all of the information available

在所有可用信息中

to identify how this embarrassment occurred.

確定這種尷尬是如何發生的。

It remembers that when we pushed ourselves up,

它記得當我們挺身而出時，

everything was fine:

一切都很好：

our feet on the floor,

我們的腳在地板上

our arms in position and our head

我們的手臂就位，我們的頭

and shoulders up right.

並正確地肩膀。

Ready to go!

準備好出發！

When our upper leg muscles

當我們的大腿肌肉

pulled our left foot 12.3% to the front

將我們的左腳向前拉12.3％

at an angle of 23 degree,

以23度角

our arms didn't compliment the movement

我們的手臂不稱讚運動

and the ventricles in the inner ear,

還有內耳的心室

responsible for static balance,

負責靜態平衡，

got confused for a second.

一秒鐘感到困惑。

When at the same moment the cat ran by,

當貓跑過來的時候

our eyes sent an alarming signal to the hippocampus

我們的眼睛向海馬發出了令人震驚的信號

and we completely lost it…

我們完全失去了它...

Outch!

天啊！

Unconsciously this is how our brain analyses

不知不覺，這就是我們的大腦分析的方式

the relationship of events within our body

我們體內事件之間的關係

or in the environment.

或在環境中。

It happens all the time as we learn to walk,

當我們學會走路時，它一直在發生，

talk,

談論，

kiss,

吻，

function in a fancy office

在高檔辦公室中工作

or dance the salsa.

或跳舞莎莎舞。

Once we understand the connections between

一旦我們了解了之間的聯繫

what went wrong,

什麼地方出了錯，

we know what we need to change

我們知道我們需要改變的地方

when we try the next time.

當我們下次嘗試時。

Experiential Learning

體驗式學習

can also be used explicitly to learn a new skill

也可以明確用於學習新技能

or to become better at what we already love doing.

或在我們已經喜歡做的事情上變得更好。

Here is how it works:

下面是它的工作原理：

First get yourself into a situation to experience.

首先讓自己陷入一種要體驗的情況。

After, reflect on what happened.

之後，反思發生了什麼。

Then try to understand the relationships

然後嘗試了解關係

to form an abstract concept

形成一個抽象的概念

- if I do A,

-如果我做A，

I get B.

我得到B。

Last, decide what to do differently next time.

最後，決定下次要做什麼。

Then do it again.

然後再做一次。

Experiential learning is also believed to be responsible

經驗學習也被認為是負責任的

for the fact that musicians

對於音樂家

generally fare better at most tests,

通常在大多數測試中效果都更好，

regardless of what they measure.

不管他們衡量什麼。

People that practice an instrument

練習樂器的人

not only engage their brain in motor,

不僅使他們的大腦參與運動，

visual and auditory areas,

視覺和聽覺區域

but they also learn by reflecting on what they're doing

但他們也可以通過反思自己在做什麼來學習

with a fast feedback loop

快速反饋迴路

– a wrong tone on the violin sounds too terrible

–小提琴的音調聽起來太糟糕了

to remain unnoticed.

保持不被注意。

While playing they therefore not only learn to make music,

因此，他們在演奏時不僅學會做音樂，

but also that progress in general comes through practice,

但總的來說，進步來自實踐，

reflection,

反射，

understanding,

理解，

and repetition.

和重複。

You can use it with your friends

您可以與朋友一起使用

or colleagues when working on a project.

或同事進行項目時。

Silicon Valley start-ups do it

矽谷初創企業做到這一點

when they tell their developers to get out of the building!

當他們告訴開發人員離開大樓時！

After the interaction with real potential customers,

與真正的潛在客戶互動後，

the team gets together,

團隊聚在一起

analyses the feedback

分析反饋

and decides what to do next.

並決定下一步該怎麼做。

Tell us, what do you think?

告訴我們你的想法？

Is learning through reflecting on doing

通過反思來學習

only good when acquiring new hands-on skills

只有在掌握新的動手技能時才有用

or is it also suitable to study science,

還是也適合學習科學，

math,

數學，

the humanities

人文學科

or abstract art?

還是抽象藝術？