This is Lessons from the Screenplay.

這是 "Lessons from the Screenplay"。

From the first shots of Whiplash and Black Swan, we see the protagonists immersed in

《進擊的鼓手》和《黑天鵝》的首個鏡頭中， 我們看到主角沉醉於各自的訓練。

their respective disciplines.

《進擊的鼓手》和《黑天鵝》的首個鏡頭中， 我們看到主角沉醉於各自的訓練。

Andrew Neiman practicing the drums, Nina Sayers dreaming of dancing the White Swan.

Andrew Neiman 在練習擊鼓； Nina Sayers 在練習白天鵝的舞蹈。

Both of these films bring us behind the scenes of a world most people never get to see.

兩部電影都帶出藝術家的幕後，人們看不見的辛酸。

Both were relatively low-budget, leaned heavily on their scripts, and led to Oscar wins for

兩部電影都以低成本製作而成，強烈依賴它們的劇本， 也以此帶出演員們精湛的演出，在奧斯卡中得到肯定。

great performances.

兩部電影都以低成本製作而成，強烈依賴它們的劇本， 也以此帶出演員們精湛的演出，在奧斯卡中得到肯定。

But most importantly, both of these films tell the tale of an artist seeking greatness

但最重要的是，這兩部電影都在敘述身為一名藝術家， 若要追求偉大

who must first endure suffering and sacrifice.

就必須承受苦難與犧牲

But how do they tell this story?

但是，這兩部電影如何講述這個故事?

There are plenty of variations between them...

這兩部電影有許多的差別

...jazz drummer and ballerina, gender expectations, style...

爵士鼓手與芭蕾舞伶、性別角色的期望、風格

which give each film a unique personality.

這些特質給讓這兩個電影有各自獨特的個性與魅力

But today, I want to focus on the structural similarities.

但今天，我想著重在這兩者之間，結構的相似性

To examine the elements used to tell the story of the obsessed performer.

去檢驗有哪些元素被用來敘述，著魔表演者的故事

And how their arrangement determines the fate of Nina and Andrew.

而這些安排，如何決定了Nina和Andrew的命運

Let's take a look at Whiplash and Black Swan.

讓我們來研究《進擊的鼓手》和《黑天鵝》這兩部電影

Act 1: Inciting Incident, Desire, and Dramatic Question

第一幕:引發事件，慾望，和戲劇核心問題

Every story has its first turning point.

每個故事都有它第一個轉折點

The moment at which the protagonist can no longer maintain the status quo and embarks

是主角們，不再安於現狀，並展開旅程的那個時刻

on their journey.

是主角們，不再安於現狀，並展開旅程的那個時刻

This turning point is called the inciting incident.

這個轉折點，我們稱為「引發事件」

An inciting incident creates a specific desire for the protagonist, and starts them on the

一個「引發事件」，讓主角產生對於特定事物的慾望

path to change.

讓主角開始改變

In Whiplash it happens very early, on the first page in fact...

在《進擊的鼓手》，「引發事件」發生的非常早， 其實就在劇本的第一頁

"I'm sorry."

「對不起」

"No, stay."

「不，留下」

...with a chance encounter with Fletcher

與Fletcher的偶遇

"You know who I am?"

「你知道我是誰嗎?」

"Yes, sir."

「是的，先生」

"So you know I'm looking for players?"

「所以，你知道我正在尋找樂手?」

"Yes, sir."

「是的，先生」

"Then why did you stop playing?"

「那為何你停止演奏?」

Andrew gets the tiniest taste of attention from Fletcher, and decides he wants to be

Andrew從Fletcher那裡，得到了一點注意力， 並決定他想加入

in Studio Band—the best of the best at Shaffer.

在Shaffer音樂學校裡，最好的樂隊

In Black Swan the inciting incident comes on page eight, with an announcement that the

在《黑天鵝》，「引發事件」發生在劇本的第八頁

company will be performing Swan Lake this season—the very ballet Nina was just dreaming about.

劇團宣布它們下一季的表演是天鵝湖， 恰好是Nina先前夢中所見的芭蕾舞

"A new production needs a new Swan Queen."

「全新的製作，需要一名新的天鵝之后」

"A fresh face to present to the world."

「一個我們能推給世界看到的新面孔」

Nina wants to be chosen as the new Swan Queen.

Nina想被選為新的天鵝之后

But as an audience, we only care about the characters' desire if there is something

但做為觀眾，除非這件事情有風險， 不然我們不會去在乎這名角色的慾望

at stake.

但做為觀眾，除非這件事情有風險 ，而且我們了解角色的恐懼

When we understand their fears.

不然我們不會去在乎這名角色的慾望

Both screenplays use the characters' home lives to help establish those fears.

這兩部電影的劇本，都用了主角們家庭生活的情況， 來建立這些恐懼

Nina's mother is a former ballerina who never achieved notable career success.

Nina的媽媽， 是一名從未創下輝煌功績的前職業芭蕾舞伶

She refuses to let Nina grow up, surrounding her with stuffed animals, toys, and music boxes.

她拒絕讓Nina成熟長大， 用填充玩偶、玩具和音樂盒圍繞在Nina身邊

Andrew's father is a moderately successful high school teacher and an unsuccessful writer.

而Andrew的爸爸是個普通的高中老師，失敗的作家

"Mild-mannered, soft-spoken, average in every respect."

「溫和、輕聲細語，在任何方面都很普通」

"Has the eyes of a former dreamer."

「有著曾有過夢想的雙眼」

For Andrew and Nina, their parents represent the mediocrity they fear

對於Andrew和Nina而言，他們父母親代表著 他們所畏懼，進而鄙視的平庸

and will come to despise.

對於Andrew和Nina而言，他們父母親代表著 他們所畏懼，進而鄙視的平庸

So now that we know what the protagonists are afraid of, we better understand their

所以現在，我們理解了主角們所畏懼的事情， 我們就能更加了解他們的慾望

desires.

所以現在，我們理解了主角們所畏懼的事情， 我們就能更加了解他們的慾望

But they can't just walk up and take their desires, something must stand in their way.

但他們不能輕易地獲得他們所想要的， 某些事物需要阻擋他們

This is where the mentors come in.

這時，導師所需要扮演的角色就出現了

They both wield absolute power, holding the top positions within the worlds of their respective films.

導師在這兩部電影，都具有著至高的權力， 且在他們各自的領域中有著崇高的地位

"May I?"

「換我來，可以嗎?」

And most importantly, they give the protagonists a challenge.

而最重要的，他們給予了主角們一個挑戰

"Not so controlled!"

「不是控制妳的一舉一動!」

"Seduce us!"

「誘惑我們!」

"Not just the Prince, but the court, the audience, the entire world!"

「不只是王子，還有整個王宮，觀眾和全世界!」

C'mon!"

「雙倍速搖擺樂」

”Double-time swing."

「不，是雙倍速的」

"No, double-time."

「加倍」

"Double it."

「更快」

"Faster."

「更快!」

"Faster!"

導師們帶出了兩部電影中的戲劇核心問題

The mentors introduce the dramatic question of the films.

Andrew究竟有沒有辦法推進自己 ，去演奏得更快、更精準

Will Andrew be able to push himself to play faster and more precisely and fully commit

且全心投入在讓自己成為最偉大的樂手呢?

himself to being the greatest?

Nina有沒有辦法不再擔憂舞步的精準， 褪下他童幼的天真，蛻變成黑天鵝呢?

Will Nina be able to stop worrying about precision, shed her child-like innocence, and become

Nina有沒有辦法不再擔憂舞步的精準， 褪下他童幼的天真，蛻變成黑天鵝呢?

the Black Swan?

被欲望和恐懼所驅使，Nina和Andrew兩人更加努力練習

So driven by desire and fear, they each practice harder

且更重要的，採取不尋常、他們平常不會做的行動

and more importantly, take their first uncharacteristic action.

Andrew約他暗戀的女孩出去

Andrew asks out the girl he's had a crush on...

「妳想跟我約會嗎?」

"Would you want to go out with me?"

而Nina去Brennan的辦公室， 想說服Brennan給她這個角色

...and Nina goes to Brennan's office to persuade him to give her the part.

這些行動，顯示了他們已經準備開始改變

These actions signal that they're ready to start their arc of change.

Brennan給了Nina天鵝之后的角色

Brennan gives Nina the part of Swan Queen.

「鼓手，跟我走」

"Drums, with me."

而當Fletcher開始試鏡樂手時， Andrew有所準備，且成功入選進樂隊

And when Fletcher auditions players, Andrew is prepared and recruited into Studio Band.

「不，不是你，是另一個鼓手」

"No, no, other drums."

他們兩人得到了他們首次的成功， 於是他們的慾望也跟著變大

They've each had their first victory, and their desires expand.

但他們還不知道的是，這還只是簡單的部分

But little do they know, this was the easy part.

真正的挑戰還在後頭

The real challenge is still to come.

第二幕:掙扎與犧牲

Act 2: Struggle And Sacrifice

劇本的第二幕，是主角們面對無數的困難和阻礙

The second act of a screenplay is where the protagonists encounter obstacle after obstacle,

而面對這些，逼迫主角們去做他們原本不會的改變

and in doing so are forced to change in a way they wouldn't otherwise.

Nina和Andrew兩人都被他們舊的自我所綑綁

Both Nina and Andrew are being held back by their old selves.

他們開始改變，但這個改變太劇烈了， 而我們也因此看到

They begin to change, but take it too far, and we see that the path greatness is one

這條通往偉大的道路，其實也是通往自我毀滅的道路

of self-destruction.

兩個電影都有一個很關鍵的驅動因素， 就是害怕會被取代

A key motivating factor that both films share is the Threat of Replacement.

在一個在電影未播出的場景裡， Fletcher給Andrew事前提醒

In a scene not in the final film, Fletcher gives Andrew a hint that he's going to be

說他即將開始招募新樂手

testing the Nassau Band.

且特別要Andrew準備好他的雙倍搖擺樂

Specifically mentioning to have his double-time swing ready.

於是，Andrew透過事前練習， 勝過了他的同儕Ryan，率先入選進樂隊

Thus, Andrew first ascends to Studio Band by jumping ahead of his peer, Ryan.

但因果循環，為了不讓Andrew安於現況， Fletcher後來也將Ryan入選進樂隊

But what goes around comes around, and to keep Andrew from becoming complacent, Fletcher

但因果循環，為了不讓Andrew安於現況， Fletcher後來也將Ryan入選進樂隊

brings Ryan into Studio Band.

「我遲到了嗎?」

"Am I late?"

突然之間，Andrew才剛得到不久的位置，有了威脅

Suddenly, Andrew's newly-secured spot is threatened.

「聽我說，我可以演奏這些樂章」

"Look, I can play these charts."

「現在不是談論這個的時候」

"Now is not the time."

「我可以演奏的，好嗎?」

"I can play it, okay?"

「我說了，不是現在!」

"I said NOT NOW!"

「如果你想要首席鼓手的位置，就該有應得的實力」

"If you want the fucking part, earn it."

在《黑天鵝》裡，被取代的威脅來自於Lily這個角色

In Black Swan, the threat of replacement takes the form of Lily.

Lily是新進的成員，且擁有著與Nina完全相反的特質

Lily is the new girl, and everything Nina is not.

劇本中描述Nina的芭雷舞姿如下:

The screenplay describes Nina's dancing as follows:

「雖然Nina的舞姿無比的精準， 卻有著脆弱、惹人憐惜之感」

"Although her movement is incredibly precise, there's a definite vulnerability."

「這也正是白天鵝應有的姿態:畏懼中帶有憂鬱的色彩」

"Exactly as the White Swan should be: fear tinged with melancholy."

而對於Lily的舞姿，劇本描述:

And Lily's dancing:

「具有爆炸性，且散發出性吸引力的」

"…is explosive, exudes sex."

Lily這名角色，體現出Nina需要取得的人格特質

Lily embodies the persona she must adopt.

就是黑天鵝的特質

The Black Swan.

當Nina還在掙扎著如何跳出黑天鵝時， Brennan開始考慮Lily是不是另一個人選

As Nina struggles to dance the Black Swan, Brennan starts to consider Lily as an alternative.

對於Nina和Andrew來說，這個會被取代的威脅，

For both Nina and Andrew, the Threat of Replacement adds pressure, and drives them to the most

增加了壓力，且驅使了他們前往第二幕中最重要的元素:

important element of Act 2.

墮落成魔

Descent into Madness.

在《黑天鵝》中，Nina開始心智狂亂

In Black Swan, Nina begins to go crazy.

她開始看到幻覺

She starts seeing a double.

先是在路過的人身上，後來是在鏡中，最後是在Lily身上

First in a passerby, then in mirrors, then in Lily.

Nina的懷疑、恐懼和不安全感，化為人型， 不斷的威嚇著她

The personification of her doubt, fear, and insecurity actively menacing her.

Andrew的成魔之路較為緩慢， 而且是和Nina完全不一樣的瘋狂

Andrew's is a slow descent into madness, and a very different kind of madness than Nina's.

最主要的敵對之力是來自Fletcher

The main force of antagonism is Fletcher.

從加入樂隊的第一天開始，Fletcher暴力且辱罵的

From the first day of Studio Band, Fletcher makes it very clear what his expectations

將他對樂手的期待表示得非常清楚

are, while being violent and abusive.

「再數一次」

"Count again."

「1，2，3，4」

"1, 2, 3, 4--"

「1，2，3，4」

"1, 2, 3, 4--"

「是搶拍還是拖拍?」

"Rushing or dragging?"

「搶拍」

"Rushing"

「所以你的確知道這兩個的差別!」

"So you do know the difference!"

在無數的壓力和折磨之下，他們開始摧毀舊的自我

Overwhelmed by the pressure and torment, they begin to destroy their old selves.

Andrew與他的女朋友分手，對他的家人不敬

Andrew breaks up with his girlfriend, is rude to his family, and in the screenplay even

且在劇本裡甚至開始服用藥物

starts taking pills.

Nina開始違抗她的媽媽，與Lily出門狂歡， 然後嗑藥，與陌生人親熱

Nina disobeys her mother by going out with Lily, where she ends up doing drugs, making

且幻想與Lily發生性行為

out with strangers, and hallucinating having sex with Lily.

在接近第二幕的尾聲時，這兩名主角癡迷到失去控制

As they approach the end of act 2, both protagonists are so obsessed that they're completely out

在接近第二幕的尾聲時，這兩名主角癡迷到失去控制

of control.

Nina更加陷入瘋狂，當她不確定自己是否謀殺了Beth， 傷害了她的媽媽

Nina's madness crescendos when she maybe-murders Beth, injures her mother, and hallucinates

且有了變成一隻天鵝的幻覺

her most vivid transformation into a swan yet.

當Andrew著急的要趕往第二次演出時， 他碰到了自我毀滅的巔峰

And as Andrew scrambles to get to their second performance, he's met with his pinnacle of

當Andrew著急的要趕往第二次演出時， 他碰到了自我毀滅的巔峰

self-destruction.

整個墮落成魔的過程， 我們看到這兩名角色在摧毀舊的自我的時候

The Descent into Madness shows how the destruction of each character's old self

做得太過火了

can be taken too far.

「你結束了」

"You're done."

但在第二幕的尾聲，這兩部電影的不同之處

But here at the end of Act 2, there is a difference between the films that is critical

對他們的結局有著極大的影響

to setting up their endings.

Andrew的車禍，逼迫他停止自我毀滅的行為

Andrew's car crash forces him to stop his self-destructive behavior.

而且電影也同時揭示了， 之前有一名也被Fletcher折磨的學生

And it's coupled with the revelation that a former student who was also tormented by

選擇了自殺

Fletcher has committed suicide.

Nina也有收到相似的警告， 她看到被她取代的前劇團明星

Nina encounters a similar warning, when the former star of the company — who she has

嘗試要自殺

replaced — tries to kill herself.

但這兩人的差別在於，Nina的故事裡， 這個警告來的很早

But the difference is that in Nina's story it happens early, before she's able to see

是在她能看見追求偉大能帶來什麼傷害之前

what the pursuit of greatness can do to you.

所以這個警告被忽略了，這是造成悲劇很重要的特點

So the warning goes unheeded — an important aspect of a tragedy.

於是，Andrew瘋狂成魔的過程在第二幕結為嘎然而止， 但是Nina的依舊持續

Thus, Andrew's descent into madness is brought to a halt by the end of Act 2, while Nina's persists.

而她自我毀滅的巔峰在第三幕等著她

And her pinnacle of self-destruction lays waiting in Act 3.

第三幕:蛻變和完美

Act 3: Transformation And Perfection

兩個故事的高潮，都在最後的表演上

The climax of both stories takes place during “the big performance.”

這個表演的成敗意義重大

The stakes are high.

心理層面上，這兩個角色非常的不一樣

Mentally, the characters are in two very different places.

因為Andrew先前被迫休息，不能打鼓

Because Andrew was forced to take a break from drumming,

他有時間去重新檢視自己

he's had time to gain some perspective.

但是Nina的瘋狂程度仍在持續攀升

Nina, on the other hand, has just reached the crescendo of her madness, and is barely

到了自己快崩潰的程度

keeping it together.

但是即使有這些差別，Nina和Andrew還是有個共同點

But despite these differences, both Nina and Andrew have something in common.

他們還沒準備好

They're not ready.

還有一部分舊的自我殘留

There is still a piece of their old selves left.

Andrew還是在為Fletcher演奏，信任他

Andrew is still playing for Fletcher, trusting him, when it's revealed that Fletcher has

即使Fletcher故意設局讓Andrew失敗搞砸

set him up to fail.

「你以為我是白癡嗎?」

"You think I'm fucking stupid?"

「什麼?」

"What?"

「我知道是你做的」

"I know it was you."

Nina依舊還懷疑自己

Nina still doubts herself.

看到競爭對手Lily，與理當屬於自己這名白天鵝， 飾演王子的舞者調情，

And after seeing Lily flirting with the dancer playing the prince—the prince that rightfully

Nina的分身出現了

belongs to the White Swan—Nina's double appears.

所以在Nina和Andrew最重要的表演裡，他們失敗了

And so as Nina and Andrew have the first taste of their big moment, they fail.

"Nina的身體突然顫抖"

"Nina freaks, jerking her body."

"David因此沒抓緊"

"David's grip SLIPS."

"而Nina猛然跌到舞台上"

"And Nina SLAMS onto the stage."

"這駭人的時刻，感覺像是永恆"

"It's a horrific moment that feels like an eternity."

"在Fletcher的面容上是勝者的神情"

"On Fletcher's face, the look of a victor…"

"當他轉頭面對觀眾時，我們聽到..."

"As he turns back to the audience we hear…"

"...只有些許禮貌性的掌聲，蔓延在整個表演廳中"

"…a smattering of polite, muted applause, trickling throughout the theater."

"寂靜的，不怎麼感興趣的，可憐的"

"Quiet, half-hearted, pitiful."

"在場沒有人看過如此災難級的演出"

"No one here has ever seen a disaster quite like that before."

面對這終極的失敗， 這兩位角色終於做下他們個人旅程中

Faced with this ultimate failure, the characters finally make the most important choice of

最重要的決定

their journey.

Andrew轉身，再次走上台

Andrew turns around and walks back on stage.

"...在Fletcher能轉身，對樂隊下達開始的指令之前..."

"…before Fletcher can even turn back around — let alone cue the band — Andrew launches

"...Andrew直接開始雙倍速演奏..."

into double-time Latin."

Andrew不再為Fletcher演奏，而是為了自己

Andrew isn't playing for Fletcher anymore, he's playing for himself.

他充滿了自信，且擁有掌控權

He's confident and in control.

而Nina回到她的個人休息室，發現了Lily在她的椅子上

Meanwhile, Nina returns to her dressing room to find Lily sitting in her chair.

「要不要，我來幫你演出黑天鵝?」

"How about…I dance the Black Swan for you?"

Nina攻擊她的分身，分身也予以回擊， 勒緊Nina的脖子

Nina attacks her double, who fights back, strangling the life out of Nina.

「該輪到我上場了!」

"It's my turn!"

「該輪到我上場了!」

"My turn."

Nina終於被逼迫到，完成她最終的蛻變

Until Nina is finally pushed to finish her transformation.

「不，是我的時刻!」

“It's MY turn!”

兩名主角摧毀了他們舊的自我

Both protagonists have destroyed their old selves.

故事也藉由Nina和Andrew，完成他們最偉大的演出

The stories answer their dramatic questions as Nina and Andrew deliver the greatest performance

來給予他們戲劇核心問題的最終解答

of their lives.

"終曲時刻到來"

"It is time for the Coda."

"她稍微停下腳步，再次閉上雙眼，然後完全的釋放自己"

"She takes a brief pause, closing her eyes once more, and then completely lets herself go."

"她狂暴的轉圈"

"She spins with ferocity."

"越來越多的黑羽毛，從她的肩上和背上冒出"

"More BLACK FEATHERS burst out from her shoulders and back."

"最終，她完全體現了黑天鵝"

"At last, she truly embodies the Black Swan."

"觀眾目不轉睛地盯著她，完全沉浸在演出"

"The audience looks on, mesmerized.

"精艷到一開始甚至忘記鼓掌"

"Too stunned to clap at first."

「我會挖出你的雙眼!」

"I will gouge out your mother-fucking eyes."

"Fletcher的惡毒話語似乎反而給他力量"

"Fletcher's words only seem to strengthen him."

"整個樂隊加速運轉，銅管樂器們被吹響， Andrew拚上自己的一切"

"The band roars into overdrive, the brass blasting away, Andrew giving everything he's got."

"Fletcher後退"

"Fletcher steps back."

"Andrew的雙眼緊緊盯著他"

"Andrew just keeps looking straight ahead at him."

"不再畏懼"

"Unafraid now."

"像是機器"

"A machine."

《進擊的鼓手》的終幕，有著非常棒的故事高低起伏

The storytelling during the finale of Whiplash has a fantastic ebb and flow.

在Andrew掌握控制權後，Fletcher的神情舉止改變了

After Andrew seizes control, Fletcher's demeanor changes.

"...他的神情現在只表示一件事，且僅此一件: 這個是他看過最精彩的演出"

"…his face now says one thing and one thing only: This is playing he has never seen before."

而數刻後

And moments later:

"Fletcher露出近似微笑的表情"

"Fletcher almost smiles."

"難道這是他一直以來的計畫...?"