Name: 我們所知道的新冠狀病毒｜2020年1月。 (What We Know About the New Coronavirus | January 2020)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T10:34:43.000Z
Duration: 9 min 13 s
Description: 【看影片學英語】數萬部 YouTube 影片，搭配英漢字典即點即查，輕鬆掌握單字發音與用法，長久累積看電影不必再看字幕。學這些英文用法：武漢肺炎,新型冠狀病毒,新冠肺炎,COVID-19

four individuals showed up at a hospital in Wuhan, China.

in a particular seafood and live animal market

—which was enough of a coincidence to pique the interest of local health experts.

Chinese authorities alerted the World Health Organization of a new,

And you've probably heard about it by now.

with a lot of unknowns and misinformation.

while you might hear some people calling this the “Wuhan virus”

—because that's where it was first noticed

scientists no longer name diseases after people, places, or animals.

The virus doesn't actually have a formal name yet,

but you'll see experts referring to it as 2019-nCoV—

which is simply shorthand for 2019 novel coronavirus.

As that name implies, it's a type of coronavirus.

named for the crown-like spikes that cover them.

They're common in human and animal populations,

Some strains cause the common cold, for example.

But, the group also includes potentially serious stuff

respiratory infections that cropped up in Asia and the Middle Eas

We know this new virus is not the same as either of those

because its entire genomewas quickly published

infectious disease experts think it jumped into humans from animals,

making it a zoonosis or zoonotic disease.

Viruses are usually somewhat finicky about their hosts

and that means matching up to cellular parts,

sort of like having the right key for a really complex lock.

a virus can just get lucky when it finds itself inside a new species.

Then, it can mutate and make itself more at home.

SARS, MERS and the novel coronavirus all probably originated in bats,

though they all took different routes to reach humans.

seems to have been transmitted to humans by civet cats,

while MERS was first transmitted through dromedary camels.

into people who came in close contact with those animals,

either because they cared for them or consumed them or their products.

we don't yet know what species passed 2019-nCoV onto us.

The genetic data for the virus was released in mid-January,

so scientists are still looking for clues as to its animal host.

One paper that garnered a bit of media attention

suggested the virus jumped from a snake —

an idea some people found believable since snakes

are often sold at the market where people first seemed to get sick.

Coronavirus infections have only been found in mammals and birds before.

So, a snake would be pretty unusual, and the study's evidence is pretty weak.

Plus, technically, we don't know for sure that the market was the source of the outbreak.

given the first four identified cases were people who worked there,

but researchers were able to identify older cases when they tested saved specimens.

is not really the top priority right now.

The main focus of researchers is how the virus is behaving in people.

there have been over 4,500 confirmed cases of the virus,

almost all of which are within mainland China.

Small numbers of cases have also occurred in nearby Asian countries

including Australia, France, the United States, and Canada.

That's admittedly a lot of folks getting sick,

but it's worth noting that it's still really unclear

exactly how often it turns severe and how infectious this new virus really is.

While we know there is at least some human to human transmission,

And just looking at one metric or another can be misleading.

for the WHO put this virus' basic reproduction number,

sometimes called the R0, at around 1.4 to 2.5.

It's a measure of the transmissibility of an infection.

So, a value of 1.4 to 2.5 means each infected person

would be expected to infect two-ish other people,

after all, as some have pointed out on the internets

, that's on par or higher than estimates for really bad epidemics,

like the 1918 flu and the 2014 Ebola outbreak.

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我們所知道的新冠狀病毒｜2020年1月。 (What We Know About the New Coronavirus | January 2020)

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