Name: 【TEDx】6 個月掌握流利的外語學習方法 (How to learn any language in six months: Chris Lonsdale at TEDxLingnanUniversity)
Uploaded: 2014-03-28T14:46:52.000Z
Duration: 18 min 27 s

情態助動詞 A2

(Chris Lonsdale) The people in the back, can you hear me clearly?

你是否曾經仔細想過一個問題想很久

for so long that it becomes part of how you think?

Maybe even part of who you are as a person?

Well I've had a question in my mind for many, many years

我自己就曾經想過一個問題　想了好多年

and that is: How can you speed up learning?

because if you speed up learning, you can spend less time at school.

因為如果你可以學得更快　就不需要花那麼多時間上學

And if you learn really fast, you probably wouldn't have to go to school at all.

如果你真的能學得很快　也許甚至根本不需要上學

Now, when I was young, school was sort of OK but...

當我年輕的時候　學校算還可以　但是

I found quite often that school got in the way of learning

so I had this question in mind: How do you learn faster?

所以我心中有了這個疑問：該如何學習得更快？

And this began when I was very, very young,

I wrote a letter to researchers in the Soviet Union, asking about hypnopaedia,

我寫了一封信給蘇聯的研究人員　詢問睡眠學習的事

this is sleep-learning, where you get a tape recorder, you put it beside your bed

睡眠學習就是將一台錄音機放在床邊

and it turns on in the middle of the night when you're sleeping,

然後它在半夜你睡覺的時候開始播放

and you're supposed to be learning from this.

而照理來說你應該可以從中學習

A good idea, unfortunately it doesn't work.

But, hypnopaedia did open the doors to research in other areas

但睡眠學習的確為其他領域的研究打開了一扇門

and we've had incredible discoveries about learning that began with that first question.

那個最初的疑問幫我們得到了在學習上不可思議的發現

I went on from there to become passionate about psychology

從那時我開始展開了對心理學的熱情

and I have been involved in psychology in many different ways

for the rest of my life up until this point.

and I decided that I was going to be native level in Chinese inside two years.

我決定要在兩年內讓我的中文程度到達母語的水準

Now, you need to understand that in 1991, everybody thought

你必須要曉得　在1991年的時候　所有人都認為

Chinese was really, really difficult and that a westerner could study for 10 years or more

中文非常、非常困難　西方人可能要花超過10年來學習

which was: taking all of the conclusions from psychological research up to that point

就是將所有心理學研究迄今的成果

and applying them to the learning process.

What was really cool was that in six months I was fluent in Mandarin Chinese

很酷的是　我的中文在六個月內已經很流利

and took a little bit longer to get up to native.

但又花了更長一點的時間才達到母語的水準

But I looked around and I saw all of these people from different countries

但當我看了看周遭　看這些不同國家來的人

I saw Chinese people struggling terribly to learn English and other languages,

看到中國人辛苦的和英文以及其他外文奮戰

How can you help a normal adult learn a new language quickly, easily and effectively?

如何幫助一個普通成人快速、簡單和有效地學習新語言？

Now this is a really, really important question in today's world.

這是當今世界上非常、非常重要的一個問題

We have massive challenges with environment,

we have massive challenges with social dislocation,

我們面臨社會秩序重置的巨大挑戰

還有戰爭　這些東西正不斷的進行著

and if we can't communicate, we're really going to have difficulty solving these problems.

而如果我們沒有辦法溝通　我們會有解決這些問題的困難

So we need to be able to speak each other's languages,

所以我們必需要有能力說彼此的語言

Well, it's actually really easy. You look around for people who can already do it,

你看看周遭那些已經做到了的人

you look for situations where it's already working

and then you identify the principles and apply them.

然後找出其中的原則並加以應用

It's called modelling and I've been looking at language learning

這叫做模型化　我已經觀察語言學習

and modelling language learning for about 15 to 20 years now.

並將語言學習模型化　至今大約15到20年了

And my conclusion, my observation from this is

而從中得到我的結論、我的觀察是

that any adult can learn a second language to fluency inside six months.

任何一個成年人都能在六個月內中掌握一個第二外語

Now when I say this, most people think I'm crazy, this is not possible.

當我這麼說的時候　大部分的人會覺得我瘋了　這不可能

So let me remind everybody of the history of human progress,

所以讓我們複習一下人類的進程

In 1950 everybody believed that running one mile in four minutes was impossible

在1950年的時候　所有人都認為在4分鐘內跑1哩路是不可能的事情

and then Roger Bannister did it in 1956 and from there it's got shorter and shorter.

但後來 Roger Bnnister 在1956年時做到了　從此之後所需的時間愈來愈短

100 years ago everybody believed that heavy stuff doesn't fly.

100年前　所有的人都相信笨重的東西不能飛

直到它實現的時候　而我們現在都曉得

We reorganise the material using principles that we have learned

我們用觀察自然所學到的原理重新組裝材料

from observing nature, birds in this case.

We've gone even further, so you can fly a car.

今天我們已經突破了更多　所以你甚至可以開車在空中飛

You can buy one of these for a couple 100.000 US dollars.

And there's a different way to fly which we've learned from squirrels.

這是另一種飛行的方式　是我們和松鼠學的

So all you need to do is copy what a flying squirrel does,

所以你要做的就是模仿飛鼠飛翔

build a suit called a wing suit and off you go, you can fly like a squirrel.

做一件飛行衣　然後起飛　你就可以像飛鼠一樣飛翔

Now most people, a lot of people, I wouldn't say everybody

現在　大部分的人　多數人　我不會說是全部人

but a lot of people think they can't draw.

但是有很多的人認為他們不會畫畫

However there are some key principles, five principles that you can apply

然而有一些重要的原則　你可以應用五個原則

to learning to draw and you can actually learn to draw in five days.

來學會畫畫　其實你可以在五天內學會畫畫

So, if you draw like this, you learn these principles for five days

and apply them and after five days you can draw something like this.

你用五天學會這些原則並加以應用　你就可以畫出像這樣的東西

Now I know this is true because that was my first drawing

我知道這是真的是因為這是我一開始的畫

and after five days of applying these principles that was what I was able to do.

這是我在運用了這些原則五天後的成果

"Wow, so that's how I look like when I'm concentrating so intensely

哇！這就是我高度集中專注力的結果

So, anybody can learn to draw in five days

所以說任何人都可以在五天內學會畫畫

and in the same way, with the same logic,

anybody can learn a second language in six months.

任何人都可以在六個月內學會一種第二外語

How? There are five principles and seven actions.

該怎麼做呢？有五個原則和七個行動

There may be a few more but these are absolutely core.

也許有更多　但這些絕對是最核心的

And before I get into those I just want to talk about two myths,

在談到那之前　我想先談談兩個迷思

Zoe came from Australia, went to Holland, was trying to learn Dutch,

Zeo來自澳洲　她去到到荷蘭　並嘗試學習荷語

struggling extremely, extremely... a great deal

她在學習荷語中極端地痛苦掙扎

and finally people were saying: "You're completely useless,"

直到最後其它人對她說：＂你真沒用＂

"you're not talented," "give up," "you're a waste of time"

＂你沒有天份＂、＂放棄吧＂、＂你在浪費時間＂

And then she came across these five principles,

她搬到巴西並開始運用這些原則

and in six months she was fluent in Portuguese,

在六個月當中她已經能說流利的葡語