1. Sun Tzu said: The art of war recognizes

第十一章。九个月的发展状况

nine varieties of ground: (1) Dispersive

1。孙子说：战争的艺术的认识

ground; (2) facile ground; (3) contentious

九地品种：（1）色散

ground; (4) open ground; (5) ground of

地面;（2）浅显的理由;（3）争议

intersecting highways; (6) serious ground;

地面;（4）开放的理由;（5）地面

(7) difficult ground; (8) hemmed-in ground;

公路相交;（6）认真地;

(9) desperate ground.

（7）艰难地（8）包围在地面;

2. When a chieftain is fighting in his own

（9）绝望的理由。

territory, it is dispersive ground.

2。当一个头目是在他自己的战斗

3. When he has penetrated into hostile

领土，它是分散地。

territory, but to no great distance, it is

3。当他已经渗透到敌对

facile ground.

领土，但没有很大的距离，它是

4. Ground the possession of which imports

轻率地。

great advantage to either side, is

4。地下藏有其中进口

contentious ground.

向两侧的巨大优势，是

5. Ground on which each side has liberty of

争议的理由。

movement is open ground.

5。地面上，每边有自由的

6. Ground which forms the key to three

运动是空地。

contiguous states, so that he who occupies

6。地面形成的关键，三

it first has most of the Empire at his

连续的状态，因此，他谁占有

command, is a ground of intersecting

它首先在帝国在他最

highways.

命令，理由是相交

7. When an army has penetrated into the

公路。

heart of a hostile country, leaving a

7。当军队已经渗透到了

number of fortified cities in its rear, it

心脏的一个敌对国家，留下了

is serious ground.

一些城市的设防在其后方，它

8. Mountain forests, rugged steeps, marshes

严重地。

and fens--all country that is hard to

8。山林，崎岖沏，沼泽

traverse: this is difficult ground.

和沼泽 - 所有国家，是很难

9. Ground which is reached through narrow

遍历：这是困难的地面。

gorges, and from which we can only retire

9。它是通过地面狭窄达到

by tortuous paths, so that a small number

三峡，并从其中我们只能退

of the enemy would suffice to crush a large

通过曲折的路径，使一个小数目

body of our men: this is hemmed in ground.

对敌人就足以粉碎大

10. Ground on which we can only be saved

我们男人的身体：这是包围在地上。

from destruction by fighting without delay,

10。地面上，我们只能保存

is desperate ground.

从毫不拖延战的破坏，

11. On dispersive ground, therefore, fight

是绝望的理由。

not.

11。分散地面上，因此，战斗

On facile ground, halt not.

没有。

On contentious ground, attack not.

浅显的地面上，不停顿。

12. On open ground, do not try to block the

就有争议的地面，攻击没有。

enemy's way.

12。空地上，不要试图阻止

On the ground of intersecting highways,

敌人的方式。

join hands with your allies.

在地面公路相交，

13. On serious ground, gather in plunder.

加入与你的盟友手中。

In difficult ground, keep steadily on the

13。在认真地，聚集在掠夺。

march.

在困难地面，保持稳步地

14. On hemmed-in ground, resort to

三月。

stratagem.

14。在包围在地上，诉诸

On desperate ground, fight.

战略。

15. Those who were called skillful leaders

在绝望地，战斗。

of old knew how to drive a wedge between

15。那些善于领导谁被称为

the enemy's front and rear; to prevent co-

旧知道如何驾驶间挑拨离间

operation between his large and small

敌人的正面和背面;以防止合作

divisions; to hinder the good troops from

操作与他的大，小

rescuing the bad, the officers from

师;阻碍好部队从

rallying their men.

抢救坏，海关人员从

16. When the enemy's men were united, they

凝聚他们的男人。

managed to keep them in disorder.

16。当敌人的美国男子，他们

17. When it was to their advantage, they

设法让他们乱。

made a forward move; when otherwise, they

17。当它到了自己的优势，他们

stopped still.

提出了前移，当，否则，他们

18. If asked how to cope with a great host

仍然停止。

of the enemy in orderly array and on the

18。如果有人问如何应付一个伟大的主机

point of marching to the attack, I should

在有序的阵列和对敌人

say: "Begin by seizing something which

行军的攻击点，我

your opponent holds dear; then he will be

说：“抓住这东西开始

amenable to your will."

你的对手所珍视，然后他会

19. Rapidity is the essence of war: take

服从你的意愿。“

advantage of the enemy's unreadiness, make

19。速度是战争的本质是：采取

your way by unexpected routes, and attack

敌人的unreadiness优势，使

unguarded spots.

您的方式通过意想不到的路线，和攻击

20. The following are the principles to be

无人防守的景点。

observed by an invading force: The further

20。以下是的原则，是

you penetrate into a country, the greater

由侵略军指出：在进一步

will be the solidarity of your troops, and

你渗透到一个国家，更

thus the defenders will not prevail against

将是你的军队团结，

you.

因此，捍卫者将不能战胜

21. Make forays in fertile country in order

你。

to supply your army with food.

21。为了使国家在肥沃的先遣部队

22. Carefully study the well-being of your

你的食物供应部队。

men, and do not overtax them.

22。仔细研究了幸福的

Concentrate your energy and hoard your

男人，不要他们负担过重。

strength.

你集中你的精力和囤积

Keep your army continually on the move, and

实力。

devise unfathomable plans.

让你的军队不断上移，并

23. Throw your soldiers into positions

制定深不可测的计划。

whence there is no escape, and they will

23。你的士兵投入到岗位

prefer death to flight.

何处没有逃跑，他们会

If they will face death, there is nothing

选择死亡的航班。

they may not achieve.

如果他们将面临死亡，没有什么

Officers and men alike will put forth their

他们可能无法实现。

uttermost strength.

官兵们都将提出他们的

24. Soldiers when in desperate straits lose

最远的力量。

the sense of fear.

24。在绝境时，士兵失去

If there is no place of refuge, they will

的恐惧感。

stand firm.

如果没有安身之地，他们会

If they are in hostile country, they will

立场坚定。

show a stubborn front.

如果他们在敌对国家，他们会

If there is no help for it, they will fight

表现出顽强的前面。

hard.

如果没有它的帮助，他们会打

25. Thus, without waiting to be marshaled,

努力。

the soldiers will be constantly on the qui

25。因此，无需等待被封，

vive; without waiting to be asked, they

士兵们将不断在魁

will do your will; without restrictions,

万岁，没有等待被问，他们

they will be faithful; without giving

会做你的意志，没有限制，

orders, they can be trusted.

他们将忠实，没有给

26. Prohibit the taking of omens, and do

命令，他们可以信任。

away with superstitious doubts.

26。禁止服用的预兆，并

Then, until death itself comes, no calamity

废除迷信怀疑。

need be feared.

然后，直至死亡自身，没有不幸

27. If our soldiers are not overburdened

需要什么可怕的。

with money, it is not because they have a

27。如果我们的士兵不是负担过重

distaste for riches; if their lives are not

用金钱，这不是因为他们有一个

unduly long, it is not because they are

对财富的厌恶，如果他们的生活是不

disinclined to longevity.

过长，这并不是因为他们是

28. On the day they are ordered out to

不愿长寿。

battle, your soldiers may weep, those

28。在那天，他们下令出

sitting up bedewing their garments, and

战斗中，你的士兵可能会哭泣，那些

those lying down letting the tears run down

坐在bedewing自​​己的衣服，和

their cheeks.

那些躺着让眼泪流下来

But let them once be brought to bay, and

他们的脸颊。

they will display the courage of a Chu or a

但是，让他们一旦被带到海湾，

Kuei.

他们将显示一楚或勇气

29. The skillful tactician may be likened

癸。

to the shuai-jan.

29。纯熟的战术可以比喻

Now the shuai-jan is a snake that is found

到帅一月

in the ChUng mountains.

现在，帅然是一个被发现的蛇

Strike at its head, and you will be

在涌山。

attacked by its tail; strike at its tail,

罢工在其头部，你会

and you will be attacked by its head;

攻击它的尾巴，在它的尾巴罢工，

strike at its middle, and you will be

你会被攻击它的头部;

attacked by head and tail both.

打击，中间，你会

30. Asked if an army can be made to imitate

攻击头部和尾部都。

the shuai-jan, I should answer, Yes.

30。当被问及军队，可向模仿

For the men of Wu and the men of Yueh are

在帅扬，我应该回答，是的。

enemies; yet if they are crossing a river

对于男人和岳武的男子

in the same boat and are caught by a storm,

敌人，但如果他们过河

they will come to each other's assistance

在同一条船上，是由风暴的洗礼，

just as the left hand helps the right.

他们将来到对方的援助

31. Hence it is not enough to put one's

正如左手帮助的权利。

trust in the tethering of horses, and the

31。因此，它是不够的，把自己的

burying of chariot wheels in the ground

相信在马圈养，并

32. The principle on which to manage an

战车车轮的埋在地下

army is to set up one standard of courage

32。上的原则来管理

which all must reach.

军队是要建立一个标准的勇气

33. How to make the best of both strong and

这都必须达到。

weak--that is a question involving the

33。如何用好强和

proper use of ground.

弱 - 这是一个问题涉及

34. Thus the skillful general conducts his

正确使用地面。

army just as though he were leading a

34。因此，他熟练的一般行为

single man, willy-nilly, by the hand.

军队就好像他是领导

35. It is the business of a general to be

单身男人，慎之又慎，由手。

quiet and thus ensure secrecy; upright and

35。这是一般业务将

just, and thus maintain order.

安静，从而确保保密;清正

36. He must be able to mystify his officers

公正，从而维持秩序。

and men by false reports and appearances,

36。他必须能够迷惑他的军官

and thus keep them in total ignorance.

以虚假的报告，外观和男子，

37. By altering his arrangements and

从而使他们在完全不了解。

changing his plans, he keeps the enemy

37。通过改变自己的安排和

without definite knowledge.

改变他的计划，他把敌人

By shifting his camp and taking circuitous

没有明确的认识。

routes, he prevents the enemy from

通过转移他的阵营，并采取迂回

anticipating his purpose.

路线，他阻止了敌人从

38. At the critical moment, the leader of

预计他的目的。

an army acts like one who has climbed up a

38。在这关键时刻，领导者的

height and then kicks away the ladder

军队的作用就像一个谁也爬上了

behind him.

高度，然后踢了梯子

He carries his men deep into hostile

在他身后。

territory before he shows his hand.

他随身携带着他的人深入到敌对

39. He burns his boats and breaks his

领土之前，他显示了他的手。

cooking-pots; like a shepherd driving a

39。他烧伤了他的船和休息

flock of sheep, he drives his men this way

烹调盆;驾驶就像一个牧羊人

and that, and nothing knows whither he is

一群羊，他驾驶他的人这样

going.

而且，并没有知道他往哪里去

40. To muster his host and bring it into

去。

danger:--this may be termed the business of

40。为了鼓起他的主人，把它纳入

the general.

危险： - 这可称为业务

41. The different measures suited to the

一般。

nine varieties of ground; the expediency of

41。适合不同的措施

aggressive or defensive tactics; and the

9个品种的理由;的权宜之计的

fundamental laws of human nature: these

攻击性或防御性的策略，以及

are things that must most certainly be

对人性的基本规律：这些

studied.

有些事情是必须肯定

42. When invading hostile territory, the

研究。

general principle is, that penetrating

42。当入侵的敌对领土，

deeply brings cohesion; penetrating but a

总的原则就是，穿透

short way means dispersion.

深深带来凝聚力;穿透性但

43. When you leave your own country behind,

一小段路意味着分散。

and take your army across neighborhood

43。当你离开自己的国家之后，

territory, you find yourself on critical

并采取在街道，你们的军队

ground.

领土，你会发现自己的关键

When there are means of communication on

地面。

all four sides, the ground is one of

当有通信手段上

intersecting highways.

四周，地面是一种

44. When you penetrate deeply into a

公路相交。

country, it is serious ground.

44。当你深入到一个

When you penetrate but a little way, it is

国家，这是严重的地面。

facile ground.

但是当你穿透了一段路，它是

45. When you have the enemy's strongholds

轻率地。

on your rear, and narrow passes in front,

45。当你有敌人的据点

it is hemmed-in ground.

在您的后面，前面的羊肠小道，

When there is no place of refuge at all, it

它是包围在地上。

is desperate ground.

当没有安身之地的，它

46. Therefore, on dispersive ground, I

是绝望的理由。

would inspire my men with unity of purpose.

46。因此，分散地，我

On facile ground, I would see that there is

将鼓舞我的人团结的目的。

close connection between all parts of my

浅显的地面上，我看到有

army.

各地之间的紧密联系我

47. On contentious ground, I would hurry up

军队。

my rear.

47。就有争议的地上，我想快点

48. On open ground, I would keep a vigilant

我的后方。

eye on my defenses.

48。空地上，我会保持警觉

On ground of intersecting highways, I would

盯着我的防备。

consolidate my alliances.

论公路相交地上，我会

49. On serious ground, I would try to

巩固我的联盟。

ensure a continuous stream of supplies.

49。对严重的地面上，我想尝试

On difficult ground, I would keep pushing

确保物资络绎不绝。

on along the road.

在困难的地上，我将继续推动

50. On hemmed-in ground, I would block any

对沿道路。

way of retreat.

50。在包围在地上，我会阻止任何

On desperate ground, I would proclaim to my

撤退的方式。

soldiers the hopelessness of saving their

在绝望的地上，我将宣布我的

lives.

士兵绝望拯救他们

51. For it is the soldier's disposition to

生命。

offer an obstinate resistance when

51。因为这是士兵的倾向

surrounded, to fight hard when he cannot

提供一个顽固的阻力

help himself, and to obey promptly when he

包围，奋力拼搏的时候，他不能

has fallen into danger.

帮助自己和服从他时迅速

52. We cannot enter into alliance with

已落入危险。

neighboring princes until we are acquainted

52。我们不能进入联盟，

with their designs.

直到我们熟悉周边的首领

We are not fit to lead an army on the march

与他们的设计。

unless we are familiar with the face of the

我们不适合领导一个军队的征途上

country--its mountains and forests, its

除非我们与熟悉的脸

pitfalls and precipices, its marshes and

国家 - 它的山林，其

swamps.

陷阱和悬崖，其湿地和

We shall be unable to turn natural

沼泽。

advantages to account unless we make use of

我们将无法把自然

local guides.

优势帐户，除非我们利用

53. To be ignored of any one of the

当地导游。

following four or five principles does not

53。被忽略任何一个

befit a warlike prince.

以下四个或五个原则不

54. When a warlike prince attacks a

合适一个好战的王子。

powerful state, his generalship shows

54。当一个好战的王子袭击

itself in preventing the concentration of

强大的国家，显示了他的大将

the enemy's forces.

本身在防止浓度

He overawes his opponents, and their allies

敌人的力量。

are prevented from joining against him.

他overawes他的对手，和他们的盟友

55. Hence he does not strive to ally

被阻止对他的加盟。

himself with all and sundry, nor does he

55。因此，他不争取盟友

foster the power of other states.

自己和所有杂，他也没有

He carries out his own secret designs,

带动其他各州的权力。

keeping his antagonists in awe.

他随身携带了他自己的秘密的设计，

Thus he is able to capture their cities and

保持敬畏他的对手。

overthrow their kingdoms.

因此，他能够捕捉他们的城市和

56. Bestow rewards without regard to rule,

推翻他们的王国。

issue orders without regard to previous

56。不考虑赋予奖励规则，

arrangements; and you will be able to

不考虑以前发布命令

handle a whole army as though you had to do