And I'd like to share

與你們分享

a 45 year-old love story

一位年齡45歲

with the poor,

和每天薪水不到一美元的窮人,

living on less than one dollar a day.

之前的愛情故事.

I went to a very elitist, snobbish,

我所受的教育在印度是非常的

expensive education in India,

優異, 勢力, 昂貴,

and that almost destroyed me.

它幾乎毀了我的人生.

I was all set

我可以選擇

to be a diplomat, teacher, doctor --

當一名外交官, 老師, 醫生

all laid out.

這些全都為我準備好了.

Then, I don't look it, but I was the Indian national squash champion

我不需要擔憂, 而我曾是印度國家壁球比賽

for three years.

連續三年的冠軍.

(Laughter)

笑聲

The whole world was laid out for me.

整個世界似乎都是因我而存在.

Everything was at my feet.

一切好像都在我腳下.

I could do nothing wrong.

我不會犯錯.

And then I thought out of curiosity

然後我開始產生好奇

I'd like to go and live and work

我想去村莊工作, 生活

and just see what a village is like.

體驗一下是什麼樣的感覺.

So in 1965,

1965年,

I went to what was called the worst Bihar famine in India,

我來到了印度有史以來最大的比哈爾邦飢荒,

and I saw starvation, death,

我一次見到了

people dying of hunger, for the first time.

因飢餓而死的人.

It changed my life.

我的生活因此而改變.

I came back home,

我回到家後,

told my mother,

告訴了我母親,

"I'd like to live and work in a village."

"我要去鄉下工作, 在那裡生活."

Mother went into a coma.

她聽了後昏了过過去

(Laughter)

笑聲

"What is this?

“你是什麼意思?

The whole world is laid out for you, the best jobs are laid out for you,

你的人生已經定下來了, 最上層的工作你也可以得到,

and you want to go and work in a village?

你現在告訴我你想到鄉下去工作?

I mean, is there something wrong with you?"

我想知道你是哪根經不對了嗎?"

I said, "No, I've got the best eduction.

我告訴她: ”我沒問題, 我得到了最好的教育.

It made me think.

我的經歷讓我反思.

And I wanted to give something back

我在反思後決定用我的方式

in my own way."

來報答社會."

"What do you want to do in a village?

"你去鄉下要做什麼?

No job, no money,

又沒工作, 又沒錢,

no security, no prospect."

不安全, 沒前景."

I said, "I want to live

我說:"我想在那裡住

and dig wells for five years."

挖五年的井."

"Dig wells for five years?

“挖五年井?

You went to the most expensive school and college in India,

你一直都念的是全印度最貴的學校,

and you want to dig wells for five years?"

現在要用五年時間來挖井?"

She didn't speak to me for a very long time,

後來很長一段時間她沒和我說話,

because she thought I'd let my family down.

因為她覺得我讓家人丟臉了.

But then,

在村裡，

I was exposed to the most extraordinary knowledge and skills

我見識了窮人

that very poor people have,

最超出尋常的知識和技能，

which are never brought into the mainstream --

這些從來沒有主流媒體上出現過

which is never identified, respected,

因為從來沒有被人注意過和尊重過，

applied on a large scale.

或是大規模的應用過.

And I thought I'd start a Barefoot College --

我決定創辦一所赤腳學院

college only for the poor.

一所只有窮人才能念的學院.

What the poor thought was important

貧民們的重要想法

would be reflected in the college.

將在此學院得到反映.

I went to this village for the first time.

我第一次來到了這個鄉村.

Elders came to me

老人們走到我身邊問:"

and said, "Are you running from the police?"

你是通缉犯?"

I said, "No."

我说不是.

(Laughter)

笑声

"You failed in your exam?"

"考試沒過?"

I said, "No."

我说不是.

"You didn't get a government job?" I said, "No."

没找到政府的工作? 我說不是

"What are you doing here?

那你来这里做什么?

Why are you here?

为什么來这里?

The education system in India

印度的教育系統

makes you look at Paris and New Delhi and Zurich;

會讓你嚮往巴黎, 新德里, 蘇黎世那種地方;

what are you doing in this village?

你來這個鄉村的目的到底是什麼?

Is there something wrong with you you're not telling us?"

你是不是有事隱瞞?"

I said, "No, I want to actually start a college

我說:"沒有, 我其實是想創辦一所學院

only for the poor.

只教窮人的學院.

What the poor thought was important would be reflected in the college."

貧民的想法可以在這個學院中變為現實."

So the elders gave me some very sound and profound advice.

這些老人給了我很多建議.

They said, "Please,

他們說:"

don't bring anyone with a degree and qualification

請你不要讓有學位和證書的人

into your college."

進你的學校."

So it's the only college in India

這所學家成為印度唯一一間

where, if you should have a Ph.D. or a Master's,

不收有博士

you are disqualified to come.

或是碩士學位的人.

You have to be a cop-out or a wash-out or a dropout

你必須要是一名逃學者, 考試不及格者, 或是輟學者

to come to our college.

才能念這所大學.

You have to work with your hands.

你必須用雙手工作.

You have to have a dignity of labor.

不要因為勞動而有羞恥心.

You have to show that you have a skill that you can offer to the community

還要向社區證明你有他們需要的技能

and provide a service to the community.

並對社區提供服務.

So we started the Barefoot College,

我們開始赤腳學院的時,

and we redefined professionalism.

我們對職業精神重新定義.

Who is a professional?

怎樣才算是一名專家?

A professional is someone

專家是指那些

who has a combination of competence,

不但有能力,

confidence and belief.

還有信心和信仰的人.

A water diviner is a professional.

占卜水源位置的人是專家.

A traditional midwife

傳統助產婆

is a professional.

也是專家.

A traditional bone setter is a professional.

傳統的擺放餐具者也是專家.

These are professionals all over the world.

專家遍佈世界各地.

You find them in any inaccessible village around the world.

任何偏僻的鄉村裡都有他們的身影.

And we thought that these people should come into the mainstream

我認為這些人應該加入主流社會

and show that the knowledge and skills that they have

證明他們的知識和技能

is universal.

是全球通用的.

It needs to be used, needs to be applied,

他們的技術和知識需要被應用,

needs to be shown to the world outside --

需要向外界的社會展示

that these knowledge and skills

這些技能和知識

are relevant even today.

在今天的社會中還可以得到發揮.

So the college works

這所學院的文化

following the lifestyle and workstyle of Mahatma Gandhi.

是追隨聖雄甘地的生活和工作習慣.

You eat on the floor, you sleep on the floor, you work on the floor.

吃飯, 睡覺, 和工作都是在地上.

There are no contracts, no written contracts.

沒有合同書, 從來不簽任何合同.

You can stay with me for 20 years, go tomorrow.

你可以在這裡念20年, 或者明天就走.

And no one can get more than $100 a month.

但沒有誰每月薪水可以超過100美金.

You come for the money, you don't come to Barefoot College.

你如果是想掙錢, 那你來錯地方了.

You come for the work and the challenge,

如果你愛工作並且願意接受挑戰,

you'll come to the Barefoot College.

赤腳學院歡迎你來.

That is where we want you to try crazy ideas.

這裡是一個讓你創造和嘗試新想法的地方.

Whatever idea you have, come and try it.

不管是什麼樣的想法, 都可以來嘗試.

It doesn't matter if you fail.

失敗也沒關係.

Battered, bruised, you start again.

因為你可以重來.

It's the only college where the teacher is the learner

這是唯一一所讓老師當學生

and the learner is the teacher.

讓學生當老師的大學.

And it's the only college where we don't give a certificate.

同時也是唯一一所不發證書的大學.

You are certified by the community you serve.

你的教育是留給社區來鑒定.

You don't need a paper to hang on the wall

你不需要掛張紙在牆上

to show that you are an engineer.

來證明你是名工程師.

So when I said that,

當村民聽到我這些話時,

they said, "Well show us what is possible. What are you doing?

他們說:"你還是用行動來展示你的計畫吧.

This is all mumbo-jumbo if you can't show it on the ground."

如果你什麼都不做, 這些話一點意義都沒有."

So we built the first Barefoot College

1986年

in 1986.

第一所赤腳學院建成了.

It was built by 12 Barefoot architects

12名建築師

who can't read and write,

沒有一個認識字,

built on $1.50 a sq. ft.

以每平方英尺$1.5的成本修建了這所學院.

150 people lived there, worked there.

150個人在那裡工作和居住.

They got the Aga Khan Award for Architecture in 2002.

2002年時他們榮獲了阿迦汗建築獎.

But then they suspected, they thought there was an architect behind it.

但評委有持疑, 他們認為有另外的建築師參與修建.

I said, "Yes, they made the blueprints,

我告訴他們:"的確有, 他們只畫設計圖,

but the Barefoot architects actually constructed the college."

只有赤腳學院的建築師參與了修建."

We are the only ones who actually returned the award for $50,000,

我們是唯一將$50000獎金歸還的得獎者,

because they didn't believe us,

因為他們不相信我們

and we thought that they were actually casting aspersions

而且我們覺得他們的懷疑

on the Barefoot architects of Tilonia.

是對赤腳學院建築師的一種誹謗.

I asked a forester --

我問一位林務員

high-powered, paper-qualified expert --

一位有權威, 有證書的專家

I said, "What can you build in this place?"

"你可以在這裡修建什麼?"

He had one look at the soil and said, "Forget it. No way.

他看了看泥土, 說:"算了吧. 不可能.

Not even worth it.

根本不值得.

No water, rocky soil."

沒水, 而且還都是岩石地."

I was in a bit of a spot.

我有點開始擔憂.

And I said, "Okay, I'll go to the old man in village

我說:"好吧, 那我找村裡的長老問問."

and say, 'What should I grow in this spot?'"

讓他告訴我這裡可以種些什麼.

He looked quietly at me and said,

他看了看我說,

"You build this, you build this, you put this, and it'll work."

"你只需要建這個, 建這個, 放這個."

This is what it looks like today.

現今的狀況就是這樣.

Went to the roof,

你到屋頂上,

and all the women said, "Clear out.

所有的婦女都會對你說,"出去.

The men should clear out because we don't want to share this technology with the men.

男士不能上來因為我們不和他們分享這個技術.

This is waterproofing the roof."

這是房頂是防水的."

(Laughter)

笑聲

It is a bit of jaggery, a bit of urens

建造屋頂的材料有棕櫚糖, 蕁麻

and a bit of other things I don't know.

其它的我不清楚.

But it actually doesn't leak.

但它的確防水.

Since 1986, it hasn't leaked.

1986到現在都沒漏過.

This technology, the women will not share with the men.

這項技術, 婦女不會和男士分享.

(Laughter)

笑聲

It's the only college

這是唯一一所

which is fully solar-electrified.

完全使用太陽能的學校.

All the power comes from the sun.

能源來自太陽.

45 kilowatts of panels on the roof.

45千瓦的房頂板.

And everything works off the sun for the next 25 years.

今後的25年有太陽就夠了.

So long as the sun shines,

所以只要有陽光,

we'll have no problem with power.

我們就不怕沒能源.

But the beauty is

但其獨特之處

that is was installed

是它的修建者

by a priest, a Hindu priest,

是一位印度教的牧師,

who's only done eight years of primary schooling --

只有8年的教育

never been to school, never been to college.

從沒上過學, 沒念過大學.

He knows more about solar

我敢保證

than anyone I know anywhere in the world guaranteed.

他在太陽能方面的知識是世界第一.

Food, if you come to the Barefoot College,

赤腳學院的食物

is solar cooked.

都是靠太陽能.

But the people who fabricated that solar cooker

而太陽能烹調器具的製造者

are women,

是女性,

illiterate women,

不識字的女性,

who actually fabricate

她們組裝了

the most sophisticated solar cooker.

最先進的太陽能烹調器具.

It's a parabolic Scheffler solar cooker.

它是無需廚師的碗碟狀的器具.

Unfortunately, they're almost half German,

不幸地是, 它們幾乎有一半德國血統,

they're so precise.

所以非常精確.

(Laughter)

笑聲

You'll never find Indian women so precise.

你不可能找到如此精確的印度女性.

Absolutely to the last inch,

而器具的整個製作

they can make that cooker.

都是靠她們.

And we have 60 meals twice a day

我們每日兩餐飯, 一餐60份

of solar cooking.

烹調完全是靠太陽能.

We have a dentist --

學校有一位牙醫

she's a grandmother, illiterate, who's a dentist.

她是一位阿嬤, 不識字, 但真的是牙醫.

She actually looks after the teeth

她的實際工作是幫7000名兒童

of 7,000 children.

檢查牙齒.

Barefoot technology:

赤腳科技:

this was 1986 -- no engineer, no architect thought of it --

1986的時候, 沒有任何工程師和建築師

but we are collecting rainwater from the roofs.

可以想到我們會用房頂來採集雨水.

Very little water is wasted.

只有少量水源流失.

All the roofs are connected underground

房頂是連在地下的

to a 400,000 liter tank,

一個有40萬升容量的水箱,

and no water is wasted.

所以沒有水會浪費.

If we have four years of drought, we still have water on the campus,

即使發生四年的乾旱, 我們學校也不會缺水,

because we collect rainwater.

因我們收藏了雨水.

60 percent of children don't go to school,

60%的小孩不會上學,

because they have to look after animals --

因為要替家裡

sheep, goats --

照顧山羊, 綿羊,

domestic chores.

還有其它的家庭雜務.

So we thought of starting a school

我決定要為這些孩子

at night for the children.

建一間夜校.

Because the night schools of Tilonia,

因為這些當地的夜校,

over 75,000 children have gone through these night schools.

超過7萬5千的小孩都得到了上學的機會.

Because it's for the convenience of the child;

因為夜校考慮到孩子們的需求;

it's not for the convenience of the teacher.

而不是老師們的需求.

And what do we teach in these schools?

這些學校教什麼呢?

Democracy, citizenship,

民主, 公民權力,

how you should measure your land,

應該怎麼去測量你的領土,

what you should do if you're arrested,

被捕了應該怎麼辦,

what you should do if your animal is sick.

你的家畜病了怎麼辦.

This is what we teach in the night schools.

我們夜校教得就是這些知識.

But all the schools are solar-lit.

所有的學校還是借助太陽能.

Every five years

每到5年,

we have an election.

我們舉行一次選舉.

Between six to 14 year-old children

在年紀6歲到14歲的兒童

participate in a democratic process,

都可參與這個民主選舉,

and they elect a prime minister.

他們選一個總理.

The prime minister is 12 years old.

現在的總理只有12歲.

She looks after 20 goats in the morning,

她早上照看20隻羊,

but she's prime minister in the evening.

但晚上她的職務是總理.

She has a cabinet,

她有自己的內閣,

a minister of education, a minister for energy, a minister for health.

教育部部長, 能源部部長, 衛生部部長.

And they actually monitor and supervise

他們負責監督和管理

150 schools for 7,000 children.

150所學校的7000名學生.

She got the World's Children's Prize five years ago,

五年前這位總理拿到了世界兒童獎,

and she went to Sweden.

她去了瑞典領獎.

First time ever going out of her village.

第一次離開她在的村.

Never seen Sweden.

從沒見過瑞典.

Wasn't dazzled at all by what was happening.

對當時的場面一點都不驚訝.

And the Queen of Sweden, who's there,

瑞典皇后當時也在,

turned to me and said, "Can you ask this child where she got her confidence from?

她問我:"你能不能問問這個孩子她是哪來的自信?

She's only 12 years old,

她才12歲,

and she's not dazzled by anything."

但完全不驚羨."

And the girl, who's on her left,

而這個站在她走邊的小女孩,

turned to me and looked at the queen straight in the eye

轉向我, 直視皇后,

and said, "Please tell her I'm the prime minister."

她說:"告訴她我是總理."

(Laughter)

笑聲

(Applause)

掌聲

Where the percentage of illiteracy is very high,

在文盲率太高的地方