Name: That's Why Carbon Is A Tramp: Crash Course Biology #1
Uploaded: 2013-03-27T15:45:17.000Z
Duration: 12 min 33 s

this is how the most revolutionary course in biology of all time begins.

這就是有史以來最具革命性的生物學課程的開始。

Come today to learn about covalent and ionic and hydrogen bonds

今天就來學習一下共價鍵和離子鍵以及氫鍵的知識。

and what does it all have to do with a mad man named Gilbert Lewis?

這一切和一個叫吉爾伯特-劉易斯的瘋子有什麼關係？

I assume you’re here because you’re interested in biology

我想你來這裡是因為你對生物學感興趣吧？

如果你是，這是有道理的，因為

like any good 50 Cent song, biology is just about sex and not dying.

就像任何一首好的50美分的歌一樣，生物學只是關於性和不死。

Everyone watching this should be interested in sex and not dying

大家看這個應該是對性有興趣，而不是死亡

being that you are, I assume, a human being.

I'm going to be teaching this biology course differently than most courses you've ever

我將以不同於大多數課程的方式來教授這門生物課

For example, I'm not going to spend the first class

talking about how I’m going to spend the rest of class.

談論我將如何度過剩下的課時。

I'm just going to start teaching you, like right about now.

我'我只是要開始教你，就像現在。

I may say one more thing before I start teaching.

在開始教學之前，我可以多說一句。

It's that: if I’m going too fast for you, the great thing about YouTube is

它'是：如果我對你來說太快了，YouTube最大的好處是。

Watch stuff over and over again if it's confusing.

看東西一遍又一遍，如果它是混亂的'。

Hopefully, it will become less confusing.

And you're even allowed to fast forward through the bits that you already know.

而且你甚至可以快進你已經知道的部分。

Another tip, you can actually even use the number keys on your keyboard to move around

還有一個小竅門，其實你甚至可以用鍵盤上的數字鍵來移動。

And I promise, you can do this to me as much as you want and I'm totally not going to mind.

我保證，你可以盡情地對我做這個，我完全不會介意。

A great professor of mine once told me that in order to really understand any topic

我的一個偉大的教授曾經告訴我，為了真正理解任何主題

you have to understand a little bit of the level of complexity just below that topic.

你要了解一下這個話題下面的複雜程度。

The level of complexity just below biology is chemistry

複雜程度僅次於生物學的是化學。

unless you're a biochemist in which case you would argue that it's biochemistry.

除非你'是一個生物化學家，在這種情況下，你會認為它'的生物化學。

Either way, we're gonna have to know a little bit of chemistry in order to get through biology.

不管是哪種方式，我們'都要懂得一點化學知識，才能通過生物學。

And so THAT, my friends, is where we're going to start.

所以，我的朋友們，這就是我們要開始的地方'。

I am a collection of organic molecules called Hank Green.

我是一個有機分子的集合體，叫漢克-格林。

Organic compounds are a class of compounds that contain carbon.

有機化合物是一類含碳的化合物。

And carbon is this sexy little minx on the periodic table

而碳是元素週期表上這個性感的小東西

一個Jezebel。位的流浪漢。婊子。

When I say carbon is small I mean that it's actually

當我說碳是小的時候，我的意思是它實際上是

as an atom, it's a relatively small atom.

作為一個原子，它是一個比較小的原子。

It has 6 protons and 6 neutrons for a total atomic weight of 12.

它有6個質子和6箇中子，總原子量為12。

Because of that, carbon doesn't take up a lot of space.

正因為如此，碳不會佔用很多空間。

And so carbon can form itself into weird rings, and sheets and spirals

所以碳可以形成奇怪的環、片和螺旋狀的東西

It can do all sorts of things that could never be accomplished by more bulky atoms.

它可以做各種更笨重的原子所無法完成的事情。

It's basically, your atomic equivalent of an olympic gymnast.

它基本上，你的原子相當於奧運體操運動員。

It can only do all of those wonderful, beautiful, elegant things because it's kind of tiny.

它只能做到所有這些美妙、美麗、優雅的事情，因為它'的那種微小。

and that's an interesting sort of thing to say about an atom.

這對原子來說是件很有趣的事情。

It's not like some other elements that are just

desperately trying to do anything they can

No, carbon knows what it's like to be alone, and so it's not all

不，碳知道孤獨的感覺，所以並不是所有的人都知道

“Please! I'll do anything for your electrons!”

"求求你了!我願意為你的電子做任何事情！"

needy like fluorine or chlorine or sodium is.

Elements like chlorine if you breath them in they like literally tear up your insides

像氯這樣的元素，如果你把它們吸入體內，它們就會把你的內臟撕碎。

and sodium, sodium is insane if you put it in water it explodes!

和鈉，鈉是瘋狂的如果你把它放在水裡就會爆炸!

It wants more electrons, but it's not gonna kill to get them.

它想要更多的電子，但它不會為了得到電子而殺人。

It makes and breaks bonds like a 13-year old mall rat.

它像13年的商場老鼠一樣製造和破壞債券。

Carbon is also, as I mentioned before, a bit of a tramp, because, it needs four extra electrons

正如我之前提到的，碳也是一個有點流浪的東西，因為，它需要額外的四個電子。

and so it'll bond with pretty much whoever happens to be nearby

所以它會與幾乎所有碰巧在附近的人建立聯繫。

And also because it needs four electrons, it'll bond with two, or three

也因為它需要4個電子，所以它會和兩個，或者三個電子結合在一起。

or even four of those things at the same time

And carbon is willing and interested to bond with lots of different molecules

而碳是願意並有興趣與很多不同的分子結合的。

like hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, nitrogen

It can do this in infinite configurations

它可以在無限的配置中做到這一點

allowing it to be the core atom of complicated structures that make living things like ourselves

讓它成為複雜結構的核心原子，使我們這樣的生物得以生存

because carbon is this perfect mix of small, kind, and a little bit trampy

因為碳是這個完美的組合 小巧，善良，和一點點躑躅不前。

It's so fundamental that scientists have a pretty difficult time

它是如此的基本，以至於科學家們相當困難。

even conceiving of life that isn't based on carbon.

Life is only possible on earth because carbon is always floating around in our atmosphere

只有地球上的生命才有可能，因為碳總是漂浮在我們的大氣層中。

So it's important to note, when I talk about carbon bonding with other elements

所以要注意的是，當我說到碳與其他元素的結合時，很重要的一點是

I'm not actually talking about sex, it's just a useful analogy.

我'其實不是在說性，這只是一個有用的比喻。

Carbon, on it's own, is an atom with 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons.

碳，就其本身而言，是一個有6個質子、6箇中子和6個電子的原子。

Atoms, have electron shells, and they need to have these shells filled

原子，有電子殼，它們需要有這些電子殼的填充。

So carbon, has 6 total electrons, 2 for the first shell

所以碳，共有6個電子，其中2個是第一殼的電子

and 4 of the 8 it needs to fill the second shell.

和8箇中的4個，它需要填補第二個殼。

Carbon forms a type of bond that we call covalent.

碳形成的一種鍵，我們稱之為共價鍵。

This is when atoms actually are sharing electrons with each other.

這時，原子之間實際上是在互相分享電子。

So in the case of methane, which is pretty much the simplest carbon compound ever.

所以在甲烷的情況下，這幾乎是有史以來最簡單的碳化合物。

Carbon is sharing it's 4 electrons, in it's outer electron shell, with 4 atoms of hydrogen.

碳是分享它的4個電子，在它'的外層電子殼，與4個氫原子。

Hydrogen atoms only have 1 electron, so they want their first S orbital filled.

氫原子只有1個電子，所以它們希望自己的第一個S軌道被填滿。

Carbon shares its 4 electrons with those 4 hydrogens

and those 4 hydrogens each share 1 electron with carbon.

而這4個氫與碳各共享1個電子。

In chemistry and biology this is often represented by what we call Lewis dot structures.

在化學和生物學中，這通常用我們所說的劉易斯點結構來表示。

Apparently I have something to tell you that's in this book.

顯然，我有話要告訴你，'在這本書裡。

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That's Why Carbon Is A Tramp: Crash Course Biology #1

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