So I grew up in southeastern Tasmania,

我在塔斯梅尼亞島的東南部長大

and if you allow me a few moments of nostalgia,

如果你們不介意我花點時間懷舊

I'll show you where I came from

讓我為各位介紹我的家鄉

in order that you better understand where we end up.

這樣一來，你較能了解我們到哪去

For a few of our early years, we lived in a tent

早些年前，我們住在帳篷裡

at the end of a lush valley by a river.

在蓊鬱山谷末端的河邊

Later my brother and I built our own tent

後來，我和哥哥搭了自己的帳篷

We milked our own cows, worked the lands

我們自己擠牛奶、耕地

and grew vegetables and fruit that we lived off.

種菜和水果以供日常所需

We felled our own trees, and we milled our own timber

我們砍自己的樹，磨自己的材

to build the house I grew up in.

蓋了我從小到大住的房子

We lived a self-sufficient lifestyle

我們的生活自給自足

and what I thought sustainable at that time.

那是我當時認為能維生的方式

Many years later in London when I was teaching,

多年後，我在倫敦教書

the head of my department, gave a lecture

系主任教了一堂課

and she used this book, The Rabbits, to illustrate her talk.

她用這本書《兔子》來說明

I'm gonna read a few pages from this book to you now.

現在讓我來唸幾頁給你們聽

It's a story of colonization in Australia

這個故事是關於澳洲殖民

where the colonized are depicted by the native animals

在書中，作者以原生動物來描述被殖民者

and the rabbits are, the colonizers are depicted by the rabbits

而以兔子來描述殖民者

an invasive damaging species which is responsible

侵略性的有害物種

for much of the natural devastation in Australia.

是澳洲生態破壞的主因

So, from the book

因此，從這本書

At first, we didn't know what to think

一開始，我們不知道要怎麼想

They look a bit like us.

他們看起來跟我們有點像

There weren't many of them.

他們數量不多

Some were friendly.

有一些很親切

They didn't live in the trees like we did.

他們不像我們一樣住在樹林裡

They made their own houses.

他們自己蓋房子

We couldn't understand the way they talked.

我們不了解他們的語言

They ate our grass.

他們吃我們我的草

They chopped down our trees

他們砍我們的樹

and scared away our friends.

嚇走我們的朋友

And the story goes on

故事繼續上演

Rabbits, rabbits, rabbits.

兔子、兔子、兔子

Millions and millions of rabbits.

上百萬隻兔子

Everywhere we look, there are rabbits.

雙眼所及之處都是兔子

And the book ends.

故事結束了

Who will save us from the rabbits?

誰能把我們從兔子手中救出來？

So as I was listening to the lecture

當我聽到這堂課

I began to think that I was probably a rabbit

我開始想我大概是一隻兔子

and my brother was a rabbit too.

我的哥哥也是隻兔子

And I realized I didn't want to be a rabbit any more.

我了解我不想再當兔子了

So I thought, it might be better to be like a chameleon,

所以我想也許當變色龍會比較好

able to adapt and change, and blend with our environment

能適應、改變，與環境結合

rather than conquer it

而不是去征服環境

As designers, we are able to practice globally in our networked world

身為設計師，我們可以在世界各地 在我們的網絡世界中練習

We move from village to city, to country to continent with ease

我們輕而易舉就能從村莊搬到城市 搬到其它國家、大陸

and we practice using a common global language.

我們學著使用普遍的世界語言

But if we were chameleon designers,

但如果我們是變色龍設計師

we would adapt that language to each new environment

我們會適應每一種

that we practiced in.

我們新工作環境的語言

This is the scheme we're currently working on

這是我們目前進行的計畫

in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania,

位在坦尚尼亞的三蘭港

a series of small pavilions

一連串的小帳篷

placed around the existing trees on a small site

環繞在一小塊區域中現有的樹旁

The stiff roofs with air vents to catch the sea breezes

有氣窗的堅硬天花板能捕捉海風

allow heat to escape and shed monsoonal rains.

讓熱氣散去 也能排出雨季的雨水

Much of Dar es Salaam is built on ancient coral reefs

三蘭港大多蓋在古老的珊瑚礁上

and these coral reefs are mined to create aggregates in lime

這些珊瑚礁被開採來做成石灰骨材

and we are discussing using some of these coral

我們討論要用部分的珊瑚

for the walls of this building

來建造這棟建築的牆面

About 500 meters away from this site

距離這裡約五百公尺遠處

is this coral mine

是珊瑚礦

and most of the aggregates here are crushed manually

而這裡大部分的骨材都是用手工壓碎

and they are used to make

通常用來做

limestone and aggregates for building materials.

建築材料的石灰石和骨材

To the north of Dar es Salaam,

朝三蘭港北邊

there's a cement factory off in a distance

遠方有一家水泥工廠

and some of these aggregates are taken into this cement factory

而某些骨材被帶進這間水泥工廠

and here they are used to make high-quality Portland cement,

在這裡用來做更高品質的波特蘭水泥

mainly for export.

主要供給出口

It's rumored that Roald Dahl

傳言說羅爾德．達爾

once sat underneath the tree on the right

有一次坐在右邊的樹下

and gazed across at this cement factory

凝視這間水泥工廠

as I did when I took this photograph

如同我拍這張照片時做的事

and it was this cement factory

而這間水泥工廠正是

that was the inspiration for Charlie and the Chocolate Factory,

《巧克力冒險工廠》的靈感來源

an icon of decadence and excess.

一個衰退和過剩的象徵

Sadly, this is a new-built house in Dar es Salaam today.

讓人難過的是 這是現今在三蘭港新建的房子

It's built using mainly imported low-quality cement,

主要的建材是進口的劣質水泥

imported roof tiles and other imported building materials.

進口的屋瓦和其它進口的建材

It has virtually no relationship to the site on which it is

那其實和這裡的東西 一點關係都沒有

and there's nothing that tells us this house is in Dar es Salaam.

沒有一樣東西讓我們知道 這是在三蘭港的住宅

We believe we can do better than this.

我相信我們可以做得比這個好

Our practice cell studio has been working predominantly

我們的工作室過去三年來

in East Africa for the past three years,

主要在東非運作

and we've been fortunate enough to have clients

我們很幸運能有客戶

that encourage us to respect local traditions, values

鼓勵我們尊重當地傳統和價值

and to create an experience born of the place.

並且建立一種源自此處的經驗

We use nature as an inspiration for our work.

自然就像是我們工作的靈感

This roof on the right here

右邊的屋頂靈感

was inspired by this amazing cloud formation

是來自雲朵奇妙的組成樣式

I saw one morning

某個早上我看到

created by the morning sun heating the mist

早晨的日光蒸發了

that falls in the valley overnight.

夜裡在山谷裡落下的霧氣

Our roof structure has a spiraling structure

我們的屋頂有一個螺旋狀的結構

that leads up towards a skylight

通往天窗

and the skylight brings light down into the center

能讓光線灑進

of the covered outdoor terrace.

戶外露台的正中央

Working in harmony with the nature,

與自然和諧共處

this Bougainvillea on the left has been trimmed

左邊的九重葛

onto a simple timber structure

攀附在簡易的竹架上

in order to create a shaded place to sit and work

為了營造出一個能坐著、工作

or pass the time throughout the day.

或待上一整天的地方

Our building on the right

右邊是我們的建築

uses this as its model

以此為做樣本

So we created a thick shaded insulated roof,

我們搭了一個隔熱厚屋頂和木柱

timber pole, and it allows the space to be used freely below

下面的空間能夠自由運用

and let the air to pass between the wall and the roof

空氣也能在牆壁和屋頂間流通

Or a simple eave shade structure that we simply grew

或是我們單純讓百香果藤攀爬的構造

a passion fruit vine over

就能拿來當做一個簡單的遮蔭屋簷

so that people enjoying their breakfast in the morning

如此一來，大家就能在享用早餐時

can pick fresh passion fruit as they eat their fruit salad.

摘些新鮮的百香果來做水果沙拉

And we also use man made objects

人造的東西

as an inspiration for our work.

也能提供我們工作的靈感

This is a house in a slum in Kampala,

這是坎帕拉貧民窟裡的一棟房子

Uganda's capital city,

在烏干達首都

and it's constructed using old, unfolded oil tanks

那是以老舊、攤平的油罐

and fuel tanks and car bonnets.

燃料箱和引擎罩搭建而成

And it's this type of work which is an inspiration

這類型的工作 對我們來說是一種鼓舞

to us, for us because it's born of necessity.

因為它源自於需要

The building on the right

右邊的建築

is a small ancient pavilion we were building

是我們搭的小型古早涼亭

and it's clad using recycled materials

用回收的材料覆蓋

This small work is a hut on the edge of a cotton plantation

這件小作品是棉田邊的農舍

next to our site.

在我們據點附近

It's a perfect template for us when we are building

對我們來說這是完美的模型

some accommodation units

提供我們蓋一些住宅的參考

The thick insulated roof protects from the equatorial sun,

隔熱厚屋頂能隔絕炎熱的日照

it's oriented to protect from the seasonal rains,

還能免受雨季之苦

there's a shaded open space to look out across

還有一個有遮蔽的開放空間

the cotton plantation for security.

能夠留意整片棉田以保安全

Our building attempts to do the same.

我們的建物也希望能達到同樣功能

A thick insulated roof,

一個隔熱厚屋頂

covered outdoor spaces,

覆蓋戶外空間

a closed site to the rear protecting from seasonal rains

後面有密閉空間，雨季時提供防護

and openings towards the magical views beyond.

以及能看到後方極佳景色的開放空間

We use two types of timber in the construction of our projects there.

我們在計畫中使用兩種木材來建造

In the top left-hand corner

在左上角

you'll see Eucalyptus, an invasive Australian species

你可以看到桉樹，是澳洲侵入種

somewhat like myself,

和我有些相似

and in the top right-hand corner, you'll see

在右上角

an East African satinwood.

你可以看到東非緞木

Both timbers are available locally

這兩種木材都可以在當地取得

so we use these timbers for all parts of the building,

因此我們把這些木材用在建物的每一處

for the structure, for the framing, for the joinery and so on.

做為結構、骨架、細木工業等等

We didn't waste any parts of the trees.

我們沒有浪費樹木的任何部分

The branches left over from the East African satinwood

剩下的東非緞木樹枝

we used to create handrails on the decks of this building

我們會用來製作露天平臺的欄杆

whereas the offcuts from the timber,

但是木材的邊料

the Eucalyptus poles we created for framing,

我們用來做骨架的桉樹

were sliced into smaller pieces and used to line

都被削成小薄片，用來排在

the underside of this ceiling on the veranda.

走廊的天花板下

And the pathway on the left, typical in the villages and slums

左邊的走道常出現在 烏干達村莊和貧民窟裡

throughout Uganda to protect from the mud in the rainy season,

在雨季裡能提供保護，免於雨季的泥濘

was the inspiration.

也是靈感來源

Our projects were far away from cities,

我們的計畫遠離都市

mainly at national parks,

主要在國家公園裡

and transport was sometimes unreliable,

交通有時不太可靠

as basic as services such as water and power.

就像水電設施一樣基礎

So we tried to do everything manually.

因此我們盡可能用手工製作每樣東西

Here you can see some of the tools we had to work with:

你可以在這裡看到我們用的工具：

there's an old car seat belt which is used as a tool belt,

用汽車的安全帶當做工具背帶

a rake made of old timbers and rusty nails,

用木頭和鏽釘子做成的耙子

and a hacksaw, a hacksaw handle made out of a piece of bent metal rod.

鋼鋸手把是用一片彎曲金屬棒做成的

And the materials, we source locally as well.

材料也同樣都來自當地

Everything we found there such as thatch, recycled metal,

我們在那裡發現的每一樣東西 像是茅草、回收的金屬

and locally fired clay bricks.

和當地燒過的土塊

All of them unique, no materials the same

每一樣都獨一無二，沒有一樣材料

with their own texture and color and quality.

和原來的材質、顏色和品質一樣

And most importantly the people we worked with.

最重要的是和我們一起工作的人們

So, we sourced all of our labor from the areas surrounding,

我們把工作全都發包給當地人

and we taylored and adapted our design techniques

並依照我們發現的技巧

and construction techniques to the skills that we found.

來改造、重新適應我們的設計和建築技術

So we found masons and carpenters and weavers

我們找到泥水匠、木工和織布工

and we worked with them to understand what they could do

和他們合作來了解他們能做的事

so that our designs could reflect that;

讓我們的設計能展現他們的技能

and we also taught new skills,

我們也會教導新的技術

so that the knowledge transfer process was two-way.

如此一來知識的轉換過程就是雙向的

We were learning as much as we were teaching.

我們學的和教的一樣多

We also use local community groups to undertake task for us.

我們也會運用當地社群團體 為我們完成任務

On the left is a weaverbird's nest,

左邊的是織巢鳥的巢

the site is on the edge of a national park in Uganda

這個地方在烏干達的一個國家公園邊緣

which has the highest number of bird species in Africa

這裡有非洲最多的鳥種

and we asked the local women's group to make two hundred versions

我們請當地婦女團體幫我們

of this nest for us.

製作兩百種這樣的巢

We then created a lighting installation out of the nests.

然後我們用這些巢來做照明設備

You can see the original weaverbird nest tree on the left,

你可以在左邊看到 織巢鳥巢樹木原本的樣子

our nests hanging in the middle,

我們的巢掛在中間

and at night, the installation setup twinkling with the stars.

晚上這些照明裝置就會和星光一起閃耀

So we had a magical landscape to work with

因此我們就能在很棒的景色中工作

and we didn't want to intrude on it

我們不想干擾它

and it would have actually been better to do absolutely nothing at all.

其實什麼都不要做最好

So what we decided to do is try to blend our buildings into the landscape.

我們決定要做的是 把我們的建築融入地景

Here we physically traced the lines of the horizon,

這裡，我們完全沿著地平線

used them to slice through our building

以這些線來切割我們的建築

and we built each layer of the building

我們蓋的每一層建築

with one of these bricks, local bricks that we found

運用我們在當地發現的其中一塊磚塊

so we developed sort of a strata through the building.

因此我們在建築中 作成像地層的樣子

And we carried this onto the inside of the building

我們把這個帶進建築物之中

trying to blur the distinction between inside and outside.

試著去模糊內外差別

This is one of my favorite juxtapositions in Uganda.

這是我在烏干達最喜歡的並置之一

It's an ancient vocano which is being draped with the tapestry,

這是覆蓋上掛毯的古火山

a patchwork quilt of fertile farmland

肥沃農地所拼接成的被子

each patch with its own different texture and color.

每一塊都有獨特的材質和顏色

And in the foreground, you'll see the shining corrugated iron roofs,

前景的部分你可以看到 閃亮的瓦楞鐵皮屋頂

a symbol of progress

這在一般最常見的建材中

on one of the most commonly found building materials.

是一種進步的象徵

Around that project, we realized that there were a lot of houses and schools

在那個計畫中，我們了解有許多住宅、學校

and buildings which were using... which had

和建築都使用…

old corrugated iron roofs that has past the use-by date.

已經過期的老舊瓦楞鐵皮屋頂

They were leaking. They weren't doing their jobs anymore.

會漏水，無法發揮它們的功能

People couldn't afford to replace them.

大家沒有錢能夠換新的

So we worked with local charity

因此我們和當地的慈善團體

to set up a program which we call the "Rusty Roof Exchange"

設立一個計畫，稱為「更換鏽屋頂」

where we built new roofs

我們協助蓋新屋頂

for those in need, and we took their old metal roofs.

給那些需要的人，帶走他們的舊金屬屋頂

And the locals thought we were mad

當地人覺得我們瘋了

But we wanted to take this product

但是我們想帶走這個產品

and see if we could give it a new life, to upcycle it.

看看我們能不能賦予它新生命 將它升級改造

So we used, cut it into thin strips

因此我們把它切成細長片

and we used it to weave lamp shades,

用來織成燈泡遮罩

we cut them into smaller pieces and used them to clad parts of our buildings.

我們把它切成比較小的碎片 鍍在我們建築的某些地方上

And we actually draped it across the roofs of our buildings

我們真的把它覆蓋在我們建築的屋頂上

to create our own patchwork tapestry.

營造出我們自己的拼貼掛毯

I'm sorry it's a bit dark, this image,

不好意思這張照片有點暗

but effectively there's a patchwork quilt of corrugated iron

但確實有瓦楞鐵皮的拼貼掛毯

laid over the top of these buildings

覆蓋在這些建築之上

which create an air gap between the layer below

為下面的樓層製作能通風的細縫

and yeah, also protects the waterproofing membrane below

沒錯，還能保護下層的防水膜