10.

Carla Zeus We told you yesterday how Chinese officials and local leaders in Hong Kong were keeping an eye on events in the city.

Hong Kong is a special administrative region of China.

It's people have more freedoms than those in mainland China, Duke.

But many of them have been protesting for more democracy in Hong Kong because they're afraid China's communist government will tighten controls over the city.

For 17 weeks, there have been demonstrations and some violence between protesters and police in Hong Kong and on China's national day, as elaborate celebrations were held in the Chinese capital of Beijing.

Chaos and violence spread across Hong Kong.

It's police commissioner says the most violent scenes he's observed there happened on Tuesday.

Protesters set fires in the streets.

Police say rioters damaged government offices, stormed and damaged train stations and beat up bystanders.

Police fired tear gas, arrested more than 180 people across Hong Kong, and though they fired warning shots with live ammunition before Tuesday was the first time in the four months of unrest that an officer used deadly force.

Police say an 18 year old protester was shot and injured after attacking an officer and that the demonstrator was being treated at a hospital.

Hong Kong's police commissioner says the decision to shoot was legal and reasonable.

The critics say the use of live ammo wasn't appropriate and that it risks making the situation worse.

So far, troops and police from mainland China have not intervened.

In Hong Kong, it's local Police have faced off with protesters under ideal conditions.

NASA says it would take nine months to travel between what two places Earth and Pluto's, the moon and Mars, the I SS of Jupiter or Earth and Mars.

A one way trip from Earth to Mars would take nine months if the two planets were lined up just right, and scientists say that only happens once every 26 months.

So the ideal launch times or more than two years apart.

And even if we had the technology to get people to the Red planet right now, we do not.

They'd still face challenges ranging from deadly radiation to the difficulty of daily life.

Our next report, though, shows you how some researchers are addressing those issues way.

Already, pioneers were already destined to go to places where it's difficult and hard to survive.

But where we actually have the means and the technology to do so, the moon is the proving ground.

Mars is the horizon goal.

This budget fully funds Mars 2020.

We imagine a future where humans could go to Mars.

We are working on the human lived experience space.

Will we repeat the mistakes of our past?

The frontier is an incredibly power whole idea in the American imagination, a new frontier of science and space.

When we talk about space exploration, we should not bring these harmful narratives from Earth's past.

Mars has a very particular planetary imagination.

It's our closest planet.

We've taken the most images, we've sent the most probes, and we have very rich imaginations.

Both science fiction as well as scientific about Mars is past, present and future.

So Mars has become imagined as a destination.

Space colonization, beneficial occupancy of possibly the last and highest frontier, the space beyond Earth.

This is Lisa Emissary, a space anthropologist at Yale.

So there's all these different analog sites that offer a chance to imagine what existence on another planet might be like.

So with this group of NASA scientists, we lived in the Mars Desert research station.

How you may take away was it was deeply uncomfortable.

Pretending to live on Mars, even for only two weeks, is like the worst of camping.

What we would like people to realize is that living in Mars could be like living in a extraterrestrial Arctic oasis.

Architect brk.

Ingles has been hired by the Dubai Future Foundation to create the Mars Science City, a prototype for a permanent human habitat on Mars in 2117 things that would be unnecessarily expensive or complicated.

The irrational on Earth would actually make perfect sense on Mars.

So if you're building on Mars, you have a very, very thin atmosphere, so you have to create a pressurized environment.

The buildings are gonna be three d printed with the local sand.

The normal building tend to be square because straight lines are a cheaper to work with than thin curves.

But when your three D printing, it's all about the time and the amount of material so rounded corners, I actually cheaper because they're slightly more materially efficient.

So suddenly, instead of having this kind of ultra rational machinist stick our petition, you could actually end up having this like, really organic architecture on Mars.

But then you also have too much radiation, so we'll also have large spaces.

Underground water is actually the best shield against radiation.

We will have to create a self sustained, a small city inside.

People live on work on grow their food.

So it's it's not really this sort of area 10 candidates.

It becomes like a lush oasis, having to contain a breathable air to create feelings using local materials.

And finally, the protection against the radiation those three elements combined is really what becomes the starting point for a new set of entirely Martian form of architecture building.

It's a prototype in Dubai, trying to recreate the conditions as much as possible so that you'll actually have the feeling off what it's gonna be like living on Mars.

We are working on the foundation of interplanetary civilization, so the technology is that you would want in your Martian settlement.

I'm Ariel Dubois.

I am the founder and leader of the M I T media Lab Space Exploration Initiative.

We have 28 different research groups, all across science, engineering, art and design.

You don't necessarily want to live in a space habitat that was designed just by an engineer or just by an artist.

You need the Meeting of the Minds Areas project.

The test saree is a self assembling architecture.

Can we make this something that is on demand, modular and reconfigurable?

You can take these tiles pack from flat in a rocket.

So someone Indiana Jones style.

Then once they're in orbit, they're released in this microgravity environment and allowed to float freely.

And as the tiles are swirling around, they're drawn together through the force of magnets, and they'll be able to snap together and self assemble, slowly growing into a much larger structure.

One of the reasons that you see sphere so often in science fiction is that they are the most optimized volume forgiving surface area.

So what's expensive in space?

It's the thing that you have to ship up from Earth and pay payload fuel for so you want to maximize how much interior space you can use your gonna create that whole basis civilization, but without a lot of the handy things.

We have enough filled up the base, starting with one trip, then multiple ships, then stop building out the city than making city bigger, bigger.

So don't have mining, refining hydrocarbon production, which you can then turn into plastics, I guess.

How do you mind way destroying it?

You don't.

I'm Lucy and walk witch, and I'm an astronomer at the Adler Planetarium in Chicago.

There's no way to do some of the operations that companies would like to do that don't violate our policies about planetary protection as they stand now governing document that has really set the tone for really all of human space.

Flight has been the outer space trees.

It really contains a lot of very aspirational things.

We won't have weapons of mass destruction, military installations on other planets.

We should not do things to other worlds that might contaminate them and make them unusable.

Most signatories were probably like maybe until we have the ability to actually go after resource is now because of the space act, there is this permission to be able to extract Resource is it could also mean something like water.

You know, if you want to own the water on Mars, and there is biology in it.

Then why is a planet's worth on Lee determined by the presence of life eyes an octopus able to dream?

I'm sure you've asked yourself this question many times.

If this video may have the answer, it's from an upcoming PBS program on Occupy.

The animals are able to change their skin color when they're trying to escape predators or be them, and this one was recorded changing color in its sleep.

So a marine biologist says this might indicate that the eight armed mollusc was dreaming.

But what was it dreaming about oysters on the half shell and eight legged race watching a several a podcast.

There are a plank ton of possibilities here, and we're not gonna inverted, berate them or occupy along criticism.

When an octopus dreams you, all that sees the limit.

I'd like to write more puns about it, but I'm out of ink.