Name: 內戰中的軍隊服務：概述 (Army Service in the Civil War: An Overview)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T04:50:22.000Z
Duration: 1 h 2 min 44 s
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John Deeben: Okay, it’s after 11:00 so I guess we’ll get started.  Good morning and welcome to the National Archives.

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I’m glad the rain didn’t keep everybody away.  I was a little worried about that.

When I came in this morning it was pouring buckets.  This morning’s talk is part of our Beyond the Basics lecture

series where we take some basic records that we generally deal with in our Introduction to Genealogy lecture

that we give every month and we go into a little more detail.  I’m John Deeben.

I’m one of the genealogy specialists in the Research Support Branch here at Archives I.

So I guess we’ll get started.  We’re going to give an overview of army service in both the Confederate and Union forces during the Civil War.

One of the things that I want to point our first – I’m going to turn the lights down a little bit further.  Is that okay for the camera back there?

Okay, then we’ll leave it on.  Can everybody see the screen okay?

I wanted to point out the two major record groups that we’re going to be dealing with.

All of the records that relate to soldiers in the Civil War are going to come out of two basic record groups.

Record Group 94 for Union soldiers, which are the records of the Adjunct General’s Office.

The Adjunct General of the U.S. army was basically the chief record keeper of the army at that time,

so all of the records relating to the service of these soldiers eventually came to his office.

And then for Confederate soldiers the main record group that we’re dealing with is Record Group 109,

the War Department collection of Confederate records. These are basically the records that

survived the war, whether they were captured or surrendered during the course of the war or at the end.

Then they were turned over to the War Department by the U.S. army and the War Department organized them.

They actually had a division within the War Department called the Rebel Archives, and they put these

records there and arranged them for publication.  So that arrangement is still how the records are used today.

There are basically two types of service that we’re going to be talking about that pertain to the Civil War.

The first type of service is the volunteer soldiers.  This is always what has been characteristic of the United States army,

the citizen soldiers.  These are the men who were called up for service during a war or a time of national crisis.

They were enlisted, recruited, and they fought during the course of the war.  And then at the end of the war their units were disbanded and they went home.

That’s basically what distinguishes their service from the regular army.  And the War Department documented their services in specific ways.

The basic type of record that we have for volunteer soldiers during the Civil War is the compiled military service records.

And the thing to know about these records is that they’re not contemporary to the war itself.

These records were created by the War Department decades later in the 1890’s. And the basic premise was that they wanted to create a consolidated

source of information to document veteran service during the war to facilitate the pension application process for pensions for these soldiers.

So they created these compiled service records.  What they did was they created a series of cards,

and then they looked at all of the available records from the war itself that still existed –

– the muster rolls, regimental book records, all of these things that we’re going to be talking about in a little bit –

and they would comb through these records and record every piece of information that related to an individual soldier on a card.

And that card was stamped with the soldier’s unit, his company, and every specific piece of information was recorded on a card.

And this is how they created the compiled service record for every individual solider.

They started doing this for Union soldiers during the war.  The idea became so popular that they eventually

went back and started creating these compiled service records for other wars, as well.

So now what we have today here at the Archives are compiled service records for volunteer

soldiers from the Revolutionary War all the way up to the Philippine Insurrection, which ended in 1902.

So any volunteer solider who served in a specific war during that whole timeframe, will have a compiled service record for that individual.

The compiled service records for Union soldiers, as I said, are in Record Group 94.

This is the basic series that the records are located in, Entry 519 in RG 94.

These are the carded records of volunteer organizations for the Civil War, and again these are just the Union ones.

They’re arranged generally by state and then by arm of service – whether it’s infantry, cavalry, or artillery.

Then by the numerical designation of the unit, and then by the individual cards

in the jackets are arranged alphabetically by the soldier’s name within the unit itself.

We have compiled service records for every major northern state that contributed troops to the Civil War,

but these are only available in textual form currently.  We do have available microfilm records for Union soldiers,

also soldiers that were raised in the Border States – Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, and sometimes Delaware is also considered a border state

because it was a slave state during the war.  Also the District of Columbia is considered on the border.

So these are available on microfilm.  And also Union soldiers that were raised from the western states and territories –

California, Territory of New Mexico, things like that.  And also we have compiled service records of Union soldiers

who were raised from the southern states. Most people don’t realize this, but we do have records of Union

soldiers who served from every major southern state except South Carolina during the war.

Of course these regiments were not raised by the state governments in the south.  They were recruited by the

Union army as it moved down through the territory and reoccupied different states.

They did their own recruiting and did raise at least a handful of regiments from every state throughout the south except South Carolina.

Those compiled service records are also available on microfilm.  If you look at the green handouts that you got –

the one on the top says the microfilm compiled service records – this will give you the

microfilm publication number for all of the indexes and individual publications from every state for both Union and Confederate compiled service records.

So you’ll want to keep that handy as you’re doing your research.  And there are separate indexes for each state as well for the Union service records.

I took a little example of what a compiled service record looks like just in case you haven’t seen one before.

The first image here is the jacket that the records are kept in.  The basic information that the jacket will always

show you is the soldier’s name at the top, it will give you his unit and company designation, and it will

show the rank he held when he went into service and the rank he held when he came out of service.

So in this case, this is a service record for John W. McLane who was the colonel of the 83rd Pennsylvania.

That’s why the company up here is designated as F&S, which stands for field and staff.

The two cards here are just two examples of the cards that are located in the jacket.

These show specific information that was gleaned from two different records pertaining to John McLane during the war.

The middle one shows information take from a field and staff muster roll from May and June of 1862.

And the third card over here shows the muster out roll for the regiment that was taken in September 20th, 1864

when the regiment was mustered out of service, just before it was reenlisted as a veteran volunteer regiment.

Both of those muster rolls show that John W. McLane was actually killed at the Battle of Gaines’s Mill during the Peninsula Campaign in 1862.

The reason he shows up on the 1864 muster roll is because this is a muster out roll and it includes a complete

listing of every individual that was associated with that regiment during the course of its existence.

So even though he died two years previously he was listed as the first colonel of the regiment there.

And you’ll also notice there can be some discrepancies in the records.  This record notes the battle as

the Battle of Chickahominy and this one notes it as the Battle of Gaines’s Mill. Most people generally know the battle as the

Battle of Gaines’s Mill during the Peninsula Campaign, but sometimes you can find little idiosyncrasies like that throughout the records.  Yes sir?

Audience Member: When did they begin to produce these records?

John Deeben: Beginning in the 1890’s.  Like I said, they used available muster rolls that were kept during the war.

They used regimental book records, which we’ll talk about in a little bit.  They gleaned through hospital

records that were kept at the time, prisoner of war records.  We have all of those.

Everything that they used to create these compiled service records, we have in this building.

In addition to the state regiments that were raised during the war, the volunteers, there was also a variety

of what they called U.S. volunteer regiments that were raised directly by the federal government.

They were not associated with anyone in a particular state.  They were recruited across state lines.

The most famous of those, of course, are the U.S. colored troops.  Originally recruited in 1863 as a handful of state

regiments, the most famous of which was the 54th Massachusetts, and then they took on the U.S.C.T. designation.

But we have the compiled military service records for the U.S.C.T. troops.  These are in the process of being microfilmed.

At least for the infantry regiments, there were some 138 regiments that were recruited during the war.

And so far they are only partially microfilmed.  But what we currently have available on microfilm in addition to the index –

so all of the service records which are available in publication M589.  We have all of the cavalry units on microfilm

in publication M1817, all of the artillery units in M1818, and we currently have the 1st through the 55th U.S.C.T. infantry on microfilm.

And each individual publication is listed on the green handout to show you which publication has which regiments.

And then we also have the 55th and the 54th Massachusetts, which are reproduced

on their own microfilm publications as well in M1898 and M1801.

There are other U.S. volunteer regiments that were also raised.  There’s one general index that covers all the

different types of units and organizations which is M1290, but the actual service records for these units are not microfilmed.

So they’re only available in textual form.  But you see from the list here that it’s a pretty eclectic group.

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內戰中的軍隊服務：概述 (Army Service in the Civil War: An Overview)

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