Name: 為什麼飛機會故意硬著陸？ (Why Airplanes Make Hard Landings on Purpose)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T08:53:13.000Z
Duration: 9 min 21 s

Billions of people board a plane each year.

程度副詞

Most passengers are completely unaware of a few things every pilot knows.

大多數乘客完全不知道每個飛行員都知道的幾件事。

(Like if you should really panic when the plane starts rocking, the landing isn’t

(比如當飛機開始搖晃時，你是否真的應該驚慌失措？

exactly as smooth as butter, or everyone in the cockpit fell asleep!)

就像黃油一樣光滑，否則駕駛艙裡的每個人都會睡著！)

1) Many delays are caused by overscheduling.

1) 許多延誤都是由於時間安排過長造成的。

If you fly often, chances are you’ve had to sit through at least one delayed flight.

如果您經常乘坐飛機，您很可能至少經歷過一次班機延誤。

One common type is what airlines call ATC delays.

常見的一種是航空公司所說的空管延誤。

But they have more to do with the airlines themselves than the air traffic controllers.

但是，這些問題與其說與空中交通管制員有關，不如說與航空公司本身有關。

Every airport has a limited number of planes that can land or take off each hour.

每個機場每小時可起降的飛機數量都是有限的。

It’s usually around 60 landings or takeoffs per runway.

每條跑道的起降次數通常在 60 次左右。

In bad weather, it can drop to 30 or less.

天氣不好的時候，可能會降到 30 或更低。

Most airlines will schedule the maximum number of flights per runway, regardless of the weather

無論天氣如何，大多數航空公司都會為每條跑道安排最多的班機數量

This leads to delays as planes are forced to wait their turn, and the schedule backs

這導致飛機被迫等待輪到自己，從而造成延誤，使時間表倒退。

2) Pilots will lie about mechanical delays.

Mechanical problems are another common source of hold-ups on the runway.

機械故障是造成跑道延誤的另一個常見原因。

Anything from a minor issue with the air conditioner to severe damage to the engine fan blades

從空調的小問題到發動機風扇葉片的嚴重損壞，無所不包

can leave the plane stranded on the tarmac until the problem gets fixed.

可能會讓飛機滯留在停機坪上，直到問題得到解決。

The pilots don't always know how long repairs are going to take, but that kind of answer

飛行員並不總是知道維修需要多長時間，但這種答案

When asked, pilots will usually give an amount of time that's longer than they think it’ll

當被問及此事時，飛行員通常會給出一個比他們認為的更長的時間。

take, but not so long that people will get upset.

但時間不能太長，以免引起人們的不滿。

One popular answer is “45 minutes” since it sounds better than an hour while still

一個流行的答案是 "45 分鐘"，因為這聽起來比一個小時要好，而且還

giving the ground crew plenty of time to solve the issue.

讓地勤人員有足夠的時間解決問題。

Have you ever been driving down the highway when your engine suddenly sputtered to a stop?

您是否曾在高速公路上行駛時，發動機突然熄火？

Now imagine that happening 30,000 feet in the air!

現在想象一下在 3 萬英尺的高空發生的事情！

It’s a lot more common than most people realize.

這種情況比大多數人意識到的要普遍得多。

Instead of saying “engine failure” or “stopped working,” pilots will hide it

飛行員不說 "發動機故障 "或 "停止工作"，而是隱藏起來

with euphemisms like "improper functionality."

Losing a single engine isn't as big a deal as it sounds because modern airliners can

失去一個發動機並不像聽起來那麼嚴重，因為現代客機可以

Even if a plane loses all its engines at once, it won't instantly fall out of the sky.

即使飛機同時失去所有引擎，也不會立即從空中墜落。

In 1982, an airliner managed to land safely despite losing all 4 of its engines after

1982 年，一架客機在失去全部 4 個引擎後仍能安全著陸。

4) Flatulence isn’t as scary as it sounds either.

4) 胃脹氣也不像聽起來那麼可怕。

Feeling the cabin rock and shake is arguably the least fun part of air travel, but that

感受機艙的搖晃和晃動可以說是空中旅行中最沒有樂趣的部分，但是

Turbulence is usually caused by weather conditions that make it easy to predict.

湍流通常是由天氣條件引起的，是以很容易預測。

And while the shaking can get pretty rough, modern planes aren’t going to fall to pieces

雖然搖晃會非常劇烈，但現代飛機不會摔得粉身碎骨

That, and the pilots are well trained on how to deal with it.

此外，飛行員也接受過如何應對這種情況的良好培訓。

The only danger comes from passengers ignoring safety instructions.

唯一的危險來自於乘客無視安全說明。

Even severe turbulence isn't going to knock your plane out of the sky, but it can still

即使嚴重的亂流也不會將飛機從空中擊落，但它仍然會

So when the seatbelt light comes on and the cabin starts shaking, ya better buckle up!

是以，當安全帶指示燈亮起，車廂開始搖晃時，最好繫好安全帶！

5) Lightning strikes are also mostly harmless.

Soaring through storm clouds in a metal tube might sound like a recipe for disaster.

在金屬管中翱翔於暴風雲中，聽起來可能會帶來災難。

But lightning is so harmless that most passengers won't even notice their plane was struck!

但雷電是無害的，大多數乘客甚至不會注意到他們的飛機被擊中！

The material in a plane’s fusilage is designed to direct electricity away.

飛機機身材料的設計目的是將電流導走。

The charge is then released back into the air by little antennae known as static wicks.

然後，電荷會通過被稱為靜電吸芯的小觸角釋放回空氣中。

Worst case, the plane might come away with some minor burns on the wings and tail.

最壞的情況是，飛機的機翼和機尾可能會被輕微灼傷。

If you’re sitting near where the lightning makes contact, you might be treated to a loud

如果你坐在閃電接觸點附近，你可能會聽到一聲巨響

boom and bright flash from just outside your window!

窗外傳來轟隆隆的巨響和耀眼的閃光！

6) Most hard landings are done on purpose.

6) 大多數硬著陸都是故意為之。

When your plane makes a hard landing, sending your heart right up into your throat, it's

當飛機硬著陸，讓你的心臟直衝嗓子眼時，這就是

很容易讓人覺得出了什麼問題。

That’s rarely the case because a bumpy landing is often exactly what the pilot had in mind.

這種情況很少發生，因為顛簸著陸往往正是飛行員所希望的。

A plane’s wings produce more lift when they’re closer to the ground, pushing it back into

飛機的機翼在靠近地面時會產生更大的升力，將飛機推回地面。

The best way to prevent this is with a firm landing that puts the wheels on the runway

防止出現這種情況的最佳方法是穩穩著陸，讓車輪停在跑道上

Harder landings also allow planes to stop quickly without the pilots needing to slam

較硬的著陸方式還能讓飛機迅速停穩，而無需飛行員猛烈撞擊

on the breaks or risk overshooting the terminal.

踩下剎車，否則就有可能衝出終點站。

Or if the runway is wet or icy, a firm landing gives the wheels more traction.

或者，如果跑道潮溼或結冰，穩固的著陸會給車輪帶來更大的牽引力。

Imagine your cab driver falling asleep at the wheel!

想象一下，你的計程車司機在開車時睡著了！

Good thing planes aren’t taxies because pilots do it all the time, and it's not as

飛機不滑行是件好事，因為飛行員一直都在滑行，而且滑行速度並不慢。

Part of the reason for having two pilots is so there's always someone at the controls.

有兩名飛行員的部分原因是，總有人在控制飛機。

It's perfectly okay for a pilot to catch some Z’s while the co-pilot is at the controls.

在副駕駛控制飛機時，飛行員完全可以休息一下。

Of course, it’s not that unusual for a pilot to wake up from their nap and realize that

當然，飛行員從睡夢中醒來，意識到

This is less okay when it comes to regulations, but still isn't as dangerous as it sounds

在法規方面，這種情況就沒那麼好了，但仍不像聽起來那麼危險

thanks to things like autopilot and other safety features.

得益於自動駕駛和其他安全功能。

Cramming hundreds of people into a metal tube is a great way to spread germs.

把數百人擠在一個金屬管裡是傳播細菌的好辦法。

Even if no one in your row is coughing or sneezing, you might not be in the clear.

即使你所在的一排沒有人咳嗽或打噴嚏，你可能也不會沒事。

Surfaces like tray tables, call buttons, and bathroom doors don’t always get wiped down

托盤桌、呼叫按鈕和浴室門等表面並不總是被擦拭乾淨

Case in point: bring some hand sanitizer and antibacterial wipes with you when you fly!

舉例說明：乘飛機時帶上一些洗手液和抗菌溼巾！

You also might want to think twice before accepting pillows and blankets.

在接受枕頭和毯子之前也要三思而後行。

While airlines usually try to keep them clean, there isn’t always time to wash them between

雖然航空公司通常會盡量保持飛機清潔，但並不是每次都有時間清洗飛機。

Consider bringing your own pillow and blanket… unless you like resting your head in someone

考慮自帶枕頭和毯子......除非你喜歡把頭靠在別人身上

We’ve covered pretty much everything I fear about flying, but what about you?

我對飛行的恐懼我們已經說得差不多了，那麼你呢？

If you’re afraid of turbulence, you’ll like this next point…

如果你害怕亂流，你會喜歡下一點...

Any pilot will tell you that early morning flights are your best bet if you want to avoid

任何飛行員都會告訴你，如果你想避免以下情況，清晨的班機是你最好的選擇