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  • Watching the way a bird behaves, like these Mottled Ducks foraging behind me,

    觀察鳥兒的行為方式,就像我身後這些覓食的斑鳩。

  • is what attracts so many of us to birding.

    是吸引我們很多人去觀鳥的原因。

  • But besides being fun to watch, the way a bird acts is also

    但是,鳥兒的行為除了有趣之外,也是一個很有趣的事情

  • a good clue to its identity.

    一個很好的線索,它的身份。

  • On this episode of "Inside Birding", well examine the third key to identification:

    在這一集的"Inside Birding"中,我們將研究識別的第三個關鍵。

  • behavior,

    行為。

  • and how it can help you make better observations

    以及它如何幫助你做出更好的觀察

  • and more easily identify the birds you see.

    並更容易識別你所看到的鳥類。

  • Oh, cool, there’s a Palm Warbler just below the Yellow-rump.

    哦,酷,黃腰子下面有一隻棕鶯。

  • See, it’s flicking its tail.

    看,它在甩尾巴。

  • Oh, yeah.

    哦,是的。

  • That’s cool.

    這很酷。

  • Behavior is a critical component of bird identification because,

    行為是鳥類識別的一個重要組成部分,因為:

  • like size and shape,

    如大小和形狀。

  • it's consistent

    始終如一

  • and unchanging within a species.

    並在一個物種內不變。

  • With few exceptions, Blue Jays always behave like Blue Jays,

    除了少數例外,藍鳥隊總是表現得像藍鳥隊。

  • Hairy Woodpeckers

    毛啄木鳥

  • always behave like Hairy Woodpeckers, and so on.

    總是表現得像毛啄木鳥一樣,等等。

  • For identification purposes,

    為識別目的:

  • we tend to focus on behaviors

    我們傾向於關注行為

  • that are most frequently occurring throughout the year.

    一年中最常出現的。

  • These are posture,

    這些都是姿態。

  • foraging,

    覓食。

  • and flight style.

    和飛行方式。

  • Unlike nesting and courtship behaviors, these are the things we see birds do every day.

    與築巢和求偶行為不同,這些都是我們每天都能看到鳥類做的事情。

  • That thing’s awesome.

    那東西太厲害了

  • A couple of Turkey Vultures down right. There’s another one.

    右邊有一對火雞禿鷲 A couple of Turkey Vultures down right. 還有一個。

  • In order to identify birds by their behavior,

    為了從行為上識別鳥類。

  • we need to break down our observations with a series of questions.

    我們需要用一系列的問題來分解我們的觀察。

  • Now remember, we're focused primarily on posture, foraging, and flight style.

    現在記住,我們'主要關注的是姿勢、覓食和飛行方式。

  • First, let's take a look at posture.

    首先,我們來看看姿勢。

  • A bird’s posture can be broken down by asking two simple questions: where and how.

    鳥的姿態可以通過問兩個簡單的問題來分解:在哪裡和如何。

  • "Where" is the easy part. And while there’s a lot of variation, most species prefer certain places over others.

    "哪裡"是簡單的部分。 雖然有很多變化,但大多數物種喜歡某些地方而不是其他地方。

  • Male Indigo Buntings will perch and sing at the tops of trees at forest edges,

    雄性靛青鵐會在林緣的樹頂棲息、歌唱。

  • while Ovenbirds are commonly found lurking in the forest understory.

    而烏鴉鳥通常潛伏在森林的林下。

  • Many hawks, like this Red-tailed, perch out in the open and sometimes

    許多鷹,像這隻紅尾巴,在空曠的地方棲息,有時會

  • can be seen on the side of highways.

    在高速公路邊上可以看到。

  • And grebes, like these Red-necked Grebes,

    還有鸊鷉,比如這些紅頸鸊鷉。

  • are almost always seen on the water.

    幾乎總是在水面上看到。

  • After examining "where",

    經過檢查"哪裡"。

  • it's time to take a look at how the bird is perched or standing.

    它'是時候看看鳥兒是如何棲息或站立的。

  • Does it stand hunched over like this Black-crowned Night-Heron?

    它是否像這隻黑冠夜鷺一樣彎腰站立?

  • Or is its posture more upright like this American Golden-Plover?

    還是像這隻美國金鴴一樣,它的姿勢更挺拔?

  • A warbler’s posture, like this Wilson’s, is more horizontal,

    鶯的姿態,就像這隻威爾遜的姿態,比較水準。

  • while cardinals tend to sit very upright.

    而紅雀則往往坐得很端正。

  • Also observe if a bird

    同時觀察是否有鳥

  • exhibits any repeated movements or ticks.

    表現出任何重複的動作或蝨子。

  • These motions,

    這些動議:

  • like the tail dipping on an Eastern Phoebe

    鸚鵡學舌

  • are often unique to certain species and

    往往是某些物種特有的,而且

  • are very helpful for identification.

    對識別非常有幫助。

  • The Northern Waterthrush offers us another great example of repeated body movements.

    北水鳥為我們提供了另一個身體重複運動的好例子。

  • See how it’s constantly bobbing its tail?

    看到它不斷擺動尾巴的樣子了嗎?

  • The Winter Wren has its own version of this kind of behavior --

    冬鷦鷯有自己的這種行為----。

  • it repeatedly bounces its entire body up and down.

    它的整個身體反覆上下跳動。

  • Now, let's take a look at foraging behavior.

    現在,讓我們'看看覓食行為。

  • Just as with posture, the first thing we're going to do is break the behavior down

    就像姿勢一樣,我們要做的第一件事就是把行為分解出來

  • with a set of simple questions, first asking,

    用一組簡單的問題,先問。

  • where does this bird forage?

    這隻鳥在哪裡覓食?

  • Ducks, like this Mallard,

    鴨子,比如這隻野鴨。

  • typically forage on the water,

    通常在水面上覓食。

  • while wading birds, like this Lesser Yellowlegs, are most commonly seen

    而涉禽,像這隻小黃鶯,則是最常見的。

  • stalking prey in the shallows.

    在淺灘上跟蹤獵物。

  • Other birds,

    其他鳥類。

  • like this Horned Lark,

    比如這隻角雲雀。

  • like to forage on the ground in open areas and fields.

    喜歡在空曠的地方和田野上覓食。

  • And let's not forget feeders.

    而且我們不要忘記餵食者。

  • There are a number of birds that frequently visit backyard feeders

    有一些鳥類經常光顧後院的餵養器。

  • to forage on seed or suet.

    以種子或羊脂為食。

  • Once we've observed "where",

    一旦我們'觀察到了"哪裡"。

  • it's time to ask

    該問了

  • how does the bird forage?

    鳥兒如何覓食?

  • Shorebirds, like this Piping Plover,

    岸鳥,就像這隻琵鷺。

  • dash around and then pause to pick food off the surface.

    四處飛奔,然後停頓下來撿拾表面的食物。

  • Short-billed Dowitchers

    短嘴唐吉訶德

  • have a different style.

    有不同的風格。

  • They probe deep into the mud for their meal.

    它們深入泥土中探尋食物。

  • Some birds, like this Brown Creeper, excavate their meal from

    有些鳥類,像這隻棕色的爬山虎,會把它們的食物從這裡挖出來

  • underneath tree bark.

    在樹皮下。

  • While others, like this woodcock, pull it from the ground.

    而另一些人,就像這隻木雞,則從地面上把它拉出來。

  • Flycatchers,

    捕蠅者。

  • like this Tropical Kingbird,

    就像這隻熱帶王鳥。

  • are aerial acrobats,

    是空中雜技演員。

  • sailing from an exposed perch to catch insects on the wing.

    從暴露的棲息地航行,以捕捉昆蟲的翅膀。

  • And the White-throated Sparrow provides a great example of how certain birds can find food

    而白喉麻雀提供了一個很好的例子,說明某些鳥類是如何找到食物的。

  • by scratching through leaf-litter.

    通過抓破落葉的方式。

  • Even the birds coming to your feeder exhibit different foraging styles.

    即使是來到你的餵食器前的鳥兒也表現出不同的覓食方式。

  • A Black-capped Chickadee, for example, will snag a seed and quickly takeoff for a

    例如,一隻黑帽山雀會搶到一粒種子,然後迅速起飛,去找一棵樹。

  • nearby branch before eating it,

    附近的樹枝才吃。

  • while a Rose-breasted Grosbeak will stay on the feeder to eat as much as it can.

    而玫瑰胸蛙則會留在餵食器上儘量多吃。

  • Finally, once youve looked at where and how,

    最後,一旦你看了哪裡和如何。

  • try to figure out what the bird is eating.

    試著找出鳥兒在吃什麼。

  • Birds can be a masterful hunters

    鳥類可以是一個高明的獵人

  • and, like this Tricolored Heron, can make catching fish look easy.

    而且,就像這隻三色鷺一樣,可以讓抓魚看起來很容易。

  • Warblers, like this Yellow-rumped,

    鶯,像這種黃腰子。

  • move quickly through trees and shrubs in pursuit of insects.

    在樹木和灌木中快速移動,追尋昆蟲。

  • Other birds, like this Carolina Chickadee, rely on seeds for their meal.

    其他的鳥類,比如這隻卡羅萊納山雞,則是靠種子來充飢。

  • And in the late summer or early fall, you can often find robins

    而在夏末秋初的時候,你經常可以發現知了。

  • or Cedar Waxwings eating berries.

    或吃漿果的雪松蠟翼。

  • If you watch closely, you'll be amazed at what birds,

    如果你仔細觀察,你會驚訝於什麼鳥。

  • like this Purple Gallinule, eat.

    像這種紫膽草,吃。

  • Flight style is more nuanced, but you should do your best to broadly describe

    飛行風格比較細微,但你應該儘量做到大致描述

  • what you're seeing, focusing on wing beats and directness of flight.

    你所看到的,專注於翅膀的節拍和飛行的直接性。

  • So if we look at a tern, like this Arctic Tern, you'll notice how they hover

    所以,如果我們看燕鷗,像這種北極燕鷗,你會注意到他們是如何徘徊的

  • on snappy, shallow wing beats, before plunging into the water to catch fish.

    在啪啪啪、淺淺的翅膀拍打上,然後再投入水裡抓魚。

  • Short-eared Owls fly with deep moth-like wing beats, punctuated by short glides.

    短耳貓頭鷹飛翔時,翅膀拍打得像飛蛾一樣深沉,短距離滑翔是其間的點綴。

  • And ducks, like these shovelers, are recognizable by their wickedly fast wing beats.

    而鴨子,就像這些鏟屎官一樣,可以通過它們那邪惡的快速翅膀節奏來識別。

  • And shorebirds,

    還有岸鳥。

  • like these Hudsonian Godwits,

    就像這些哈德遜的神鳥。

  • are commonly seen in fast-moving flocks.

    常見於快速移動的羊群中。

  • By comparison, Sandhill Cranes exhibit deep, methodical wing beats and

    相比之下,沙丘鶴表現出深沉、有條不紊的翅膀拍打和。

  • arrow-straight flight patterns.

    箭直飛行模式。

  • Even soaring birds, like this Osprey,

    即使是翱翔的鳥類,比如這隻鶚。

  • have characteristic flight styles that allow you to identify them.

    有特色的飛行風格,讓你能夠識別它們。

  • The Bald Eagle soars on flat, steady wings.

    禿鷹用平坦而穩定的翅膀翱翔。

  • Look how different this is from the Turkey Vulture's

    你看這和火雞禿鷲有多大的區別?

  • v-shaped, teetering flight style.

    V型,蹺蹺板的飛行方式。

  • While keying in on flight style

    在鍵入飛行風格的同時

  • may seem difficult,

    可能看起來很難。

  • if you stick with it

    如果你堅持下去

  • youll start to recognize the differences between species

    你會開始認識到物種之間的差異。

  • that will help you identify them.

    這將幫助你識別它們。

  • Brown Pelicans going over the crest of the sea break. About 35 or so...

    褐鵜鶘要去海堤的山峰上。大約35只左右...

  • See the Royal Terns on the beach?

    在海灘上看到皇家燕鷗了嗎?

  • The diversity of bird behavior is astounding.

    鳥類行為的多樣性是令人震驚的。

  • And while it seems like one of the more difficult keys to employ,

    雖然這似乎是一個比較難採用的關鍵。

  • the fundamentals of birding by behavior are actually quite simple.

    行為養鳥的基本原理其實很簡單。

  • It's all about your observations. And to make good observations,

    這'就是你的觀察力。 而且要做好觀察。

  • all you really need to do is spend time

    你真正需要做的是花時間

  • watching the birds you see.

    看著你看到的鳥。

  • If you spend time watching bird behavior,

    如果你花時間觀察鳥類行為。

  • the way they move,

    他們移動的方式。

  • fly, and forage, I guarantee that youll develop a real appreciation

    飛,和飼料,我保證你會發展一個真正的欣賞。

  • for what you're seeing.

    對於你所看到的。

  • And remember, just as with the shape of a bird’s bill or the melody of a bird’s song,

    記住,就像鳥喙的形狀或鳥鳴的旋律一樣。

  • the way a bird behaves is consistent within a species.

    鳥類的行為方式在一個物種內是一致的。

  • This makes behavior a very reliable indicator

    這使行為成為一個非常可靠的指標

  • for bird identification.

    用於鳥類識別。

  • So get out there,

    所以出去吧

  • makes some good observations, and you'll take your birding to the next level.

    使一些良好的觀察,你'將採取你的鳥類到一個新的水準。

  • See the Royal Tern on the right? Oh, I got it.

    看到右邊的皇家燕鷗了嗎? 哦,我知道了。

Watching the way a bird behaves, like these Mottled Ducks foraging behind me,

觀察鳥兒的行為方式,就像我身後這些覓食的斑鳩。

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