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  • Hello, and welcome to "6 Minute English". I'm Neil.

    你好,歡迎來到六分鐘學英語。我是 Neil。

  • And I'm Dan.

    我是 Dan。

  • Now then, Dan, do you ever feel awkward?

    Dan, 你有沒有覺得尷尬的時候?

  • Awkward?

    尷尬?

  • Yes, feeling uncomfortable, embarrassed or self-conscious in a social situation where something isn't quite right.

    沒錯,在不對勁的社交情況中,覺得不自在、困窘或侷促不安。

  • Mmm... sometimes. I remember always feeling very awkward watching TV with my parents if there was an explicit love scene, you know, people canoodling.

    偶爾。我記得跟父母一起看有露骨場面的電視節目時,總是感到非常尷尬,因為在節目中,人們彼此親吻愛撫。

  • Oh, yes, me too! And that feeling of awkwardness is what we're looking at in today's 6 Minute English, and how it's all connected to social rules.

    沒錯,我也會因此覺得尷尬!我們今天正是要在節目中探討那種尷尬的感覺,以及它是如何與社會規則有關。

  • "Social rules" are the unspoken rules which we follow in everyday life, the way we interact with other people and particularly with strangers.

    「社會規則」是指人們在每天生活中遵守的無形規則,是一種我們與其他人,尤其是陌生人互動的方式。

  • Yes, for example, if you're waiting at a bus stop, it's okay to talk about the weather to a stranger.

    沒錯,舉例來說,如果你在站牌前等公車,你可以與陌生人談論天氣。

  • But it would be very awkward if you broke that social rule by asking them about, oh, I don't know, how much money they earned.

    但如果你打破社會規則,像是問他們賺多少錢之類的,情況將會非常尷尬。

  • Oh, yes, that would be wrong, wouldn't it?

    沒錯,那並不合適對吧?

  • And we'll find out about another awkward situation on the underground railway later in the programme.

    我們會在等一下的節目中,得知另一個在地鐵中發生的尷尬情況。

  • Before that though, a quiz: Which city has the oldest underground railway? Is it a) London b) New York or c) Tokyo?

    在正式開始前,先做一個小測驗。最古老的地鐵位在哪一座城市?答案是 A. 倫敦 B. 紐約 C. 東京 中哪一個呢?

  • Aha! Well, I'm pretty confident about this! I think it's London.

    我有自信可以答對這一題!我認為是倫敦。

  • Well, I'll have the answer later in the programme.

    我晚一點會在節目中公布答案。

  • Dr. Raj Persuad is a psychologist. He was a guest on the BBC radio programme "Seriously". He was talking about social rules.

    Dr Raj Persuad 是一名心理學家。他在 BBC 廣播節目中擔任嘉賓,談論有關社會規則的主題。

  • How does he say they affect our lives?

    他是如何談論社會規則影響我們生活的呢?

  • How do we understand what the implicit social rules are that govern our behaviour?

    我們要如何得知控制我們行為的是隱含的社會規則?

  • They're so implicit.

    社會規則實在是太不明顯了。

  • They're so almost invisible yet we all obey them.

    社會規則是看不見的,但大家都會遵守。

  • I.e., they're massively powerful that the only way to get at them, because you couldn't use an MRI brain scanner or a microscope...

    換句話說,社會規則影響力太大,而且無法以 MRI 腦部掃瞄器或顯微鏡說明...

  • What's the tool you would use to illuminate the social rules actually govern our lives?

    你會用什麼工具闡明社會規則確實控制我們的生活?

  • How do they affect our lives?

    社會規則是如何影響我們的生活?

  • He says that they govern our behaviour, they govern our lives. This means that they 'control' our lives, they 'rule' our lives.

    他說社會規則操縱我們的行為和生活。這代表社會規則「控制」、「掌管」我們的生活。

  • What's interesting is that he says these social rules are 'implicit'.

    有趣的是他說這些社會規則是「不明顯的」。

  • They're not written down anywhere. They're unspoken but understood.

    沒有人寫下這些規則。這些規則是無形的,但被人們所理解。

  • If they are unspoken and not written down, how can scientists and sociologists study them?

    如果它們是無形的且沒有被紀錄下來,那科學家和心理學家要如何研究這些規則呢?

  • How can they find out about them?

    他們是如何發現這些規則的?

  • They need a way to illuminate the rules. This means a way of shining a metaphorical light on them to see what they are.

    他們需要一種能闡明這些規則的方式。illuminate 意指為了看清楚事物,而用燈照他們。

  • Here's Dr. Persaud again.

    繼續聽 Persaud 博士怎麼說。

  • How do we understand what the implicit social rules are that govern our behaviour?

    要如何得知控制我們行為的隱含社會規則是什麼?

  • They're so implicit.

    社會規則太不明顯了。

  • They're so almost invisible yet we all obey them.

    社會規則是看不見的,但大家都會遵守。

  • I.e., they're massively powerful that the only way to get at them, because you couldn't use an MRI brain scanner or a microscope...

    換句話說,社會規則影響力太大,而且無法以 MRI 腦部掃瞄器或顯微鏡說明...

  • What's the tool you would use to illuminate the social rules actually govern our lives?

    你會用什麼工具闡明社會規則確實控制我們的生活?

  • One way to find out about a rule is to break it.

    打破規定是其中一種找出社會規則的方式。

  • Another word for 'break' when we're talking about rules is 'breach' and breaching experiments were used to learn about social rules.

    打破規則除了用 break,也可以用單字 breach,而破壞性實驗是用來得知社會規則。

  • Here's Dr. Persaud describing one of those experiments.

    下面是 Persaud 博士說明其中一項實驗。

  • You breached the social rule on purpose.

    你故意違反社會規則。

  • So a classic one: People would go into the Metro, the underground railwayTubeand there'd be only one person sitting in a carriage.

    典型的例子是,當你走進捷運站,而只看到一個人坐在車廂裡。

  • You would go and sit next to that person.

    你走向那個人,並坐在他身邊。

  • And if that led to awkwardness or discomfort, where the person got off the tube stop immediately, you had discovered a social rule.

    如果這個行為使那個人尷尬或不舒服並因此立刻下車,那麼你就會得知這是一項社會規則。

  • So, what was the experiment?

    所以 Persaud 博士所說的實驗是什麼?

  • Well, quite simply, find a nearly empty train carriage and then go and sit right next to someone rather than a distance away.

    很簡單,找一節幾乎空無一人的車廂,比起坐在與其他人相距很遠的位子,選擇緊坐在其中一人的身邊。

  • If that person then feels uncomfortable or awkward, and that's something you can tell by watching their behaviour.

    你可以從行為分辨出那個人是否因此感到不自在或尷尬。

  • For example, do they change seat, move carriage or get off the train completely?

    舉例來說,他們是否有更換座位、移動至其他車廂或立刻下車?

  • If they do, then you know you've discovered a rule.

    如果他們做了這些行動,那麼你就可以發現一項社會規則。

  • So you find a rule by breaking it or breaching it.

    從打破或違反規則中找到社會規則。

  • Okay, time to review our vocabulary, but first, let's have the answer to the quiz question.

    在複習今天的單字之前,先來揭曉測驗的答案吧!

  • I asked which city has the oldest underground railway.

    我問說最古老的地鐵位在哪一座城市。

  • Is it a) London b) New York and c) Tokyo?

    答案是 A. 倫敦 B. 紐約 C. 東京 中哪一個呢?

  • Dan, you were pretty confident.

    Dan,你剛剛很確信所選的答案。

  • I was! I said London, but... now I'm having second thoughts.

    沒錯,我說是倫敦,但我現在改變想法了。

  • I think it might be New York.

    我認為可能是紐約。

  • OhThat's a little bit awkward, isn't it?

    噢... 這樣是不是有一點尷尬啊?

  • Well, it is London, so I don't know if you're right or wrong!

    答案是倫敦,所以我不確定到底該算你答對還是答錯!

  • I feel a bit uncomfortable now.

    我覺得有點不自在了。

  • The facts are that London opened in 1863.

    倫敦的鐵路建造於 1863 年。

  • New York was 1904 and Tokyo, 1927.

    紐約的鐵路建造於 1904 年,而東京的鐵路建造於 1927 年。

  • Well done, and extra bonus points if you knew any of those dates.

    知道這些日期的人會得到額外的加分。

  • Now it's time for our vocabulary.

    現在來複習單字。

  • I hope it doesn't make you feel awkward, but can you start, Dan?

    Dan,希望這不會讓你感到尷尬,可以開始複習單字了嗎?

  • Of course!

    沒問題。

  • And the adjective 'awkward', and its noun 'awkwardness', are on our list for today.

    今天的單字有形容詞 awkward,和其名詞 awkwardness。

  • They mean 'an uncomfortable feeling in a social situation'.

    它們的意思為在社交情況中不自在的感覺。

  • This is all connected with the idea of social rulesunspoken, but well-known rules which we follow in daily life to avoid awkward situations.

    這情況與社會規則息息相關,社會規則是無形卻廣為人知的,人們在日常生活中遵守這些規則以避免尷尬情況的發生。

  • The rules, as Neil said, are not spoken and they're not written down but we know them and understand them.

    如同 Neil 所說的,這些規則並沒有被明確地說出或寫下,卻被我們知道並理解。

  • They are 'implicit'.

    這些規則是「不明顯的」。

  • And these implicit rules govern our lives.

    這些隱含的規則控制我們的生活。

  • The verb 'govern' means to 'control and rule'.

    單字 govern 為動詞,意指「控制和掌管」。

  • To see something clearly, either in reality or metaphorically, you need to put some light on it.

    不管是在現實中或是隱喻性的用法,為了看清楚事物時,會需要用燈照它。

  • You need illuminate it.

    你需要 illuminate 事物。

  • And that was the next of our words, the verb 'illuminate'.

    這是我們的下一個單字,作為動詞的 illuminate。

  • And finally, we had a word which means, when we're talking about rules, the same as break, to 'breach'.

    最後一個單字為 breach,當我們在說打破規則時,除了用 break,也可以用 breach。

  • In experiments, they breached the rules to learn more about them.

    他們在實驗中打破規定以得知社會規則。

  • Well, we don't want to breach any rules so it's time for us to leave you for today, but don't worry, we will be back.

    我們不想違反任何規定,所以今天節目就在這裡告一段落,但別擔心,我們會再見面的。

  • In the meantime, you can find us in all the usual places online and on social media, just look for BBC Learning English.

    此外,只要搜尋 BBC 學英語,就可以在網站上或社交媒體上找到我們。

  • Bye for now.

    再見。

  • Bye-bye!

    掰掰!

Hello, and welcome to "6 Minute English". I'm Neil.

你好,歡迎來到六分鐘學英語。我是 Neil。

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