Hi everyone. I'm Reina, guest hosting on DNews.

嗨，大家好，我是 DNews 的客座主持人 Reina。

Tear gas, most commonly used for dispersing unruly crowds is potentially more dangerous than you think.

最常用於驅散難以管控的人群的催淚瓦斯可能比想像中更危險。

The key active ingredient, called 2-chlorobenzalmalononitrile is a chemical that activates large amounts of pain receptors in the eyes and respiratory system by irritating the membranes.

關鍵活性成分鄰-氯代苯亞甲基丙二腈是種藉由刺激角膜來觸發眼部和呼吸系統中大量痛覺受器的化學物質。

This causes the eyes to start tearing and closing involuntarily along with causing breathing complications, which instantly incapacitates you.

這會造成眼睛流淚、不自覺閉眼並引起呼吸性併發症，立即剝奪行動力。

But that's not all.

不只如此。

It can even cause chemical burns to exposed skin. The breathing complications can mimic a choking sensation, which can lead to panic, and that panic can lead to confusion and disorientation.

催淚瓦斯甚至會造成外露皮膚化學性灼傷，而呼吸性併發症與窒息感相仿容易造成恐慌，最終導致慌亂及方向感喪失。

Most individuals that were hit with tear gas used the word "pain" to describe their experience.

大部分被催淚彈擊中的人都用「痛苦」來形容該經驗。

An effective defense against tear gas is a gas mask, but those aren't easy to come by.

有效防禦催淚瓦斯的工具之一就是防毒面具，但卻不容易取得。

Some protesters suggest making a makeshift mask by soaking a bandana in lemon juice or cider vinegar.

某些抗爭者建議用檸檬汁或蘋果醋浸濕頭巾來製作臨時面具。

The acidified cloth supposedly helps block the gas and should give you enough time to flee the area.

酸化的布料據說能阻擋催淚氣體並應當能提供逃離施放區域的足夠時間。

But be aware that it's not proven that this method will work.

不過需注意的是，這個方法的效用並未被證實。

The worst part about tear gas is that treatment after being exposed is virtually non-existent.

催淚瓦斯最糟糕的部分在於，暴露其中後的治療幾乎不存在。

The best you can do is wash your eyes out thoroughly, spit, cough, blow your nose, do anything and everything to expel the chemicals out of your body.

能做的只有徹底洗淨眼睛、吐口水、咳嗽、擤鼻涕，竭盡所能地將化學物質排出體外。

Medical experts also suggest taking a cold shower because warm water can open your pores and allow for the toxic particles to seep further into your body.

醫學專家也建議淋冷水浴，因為溫熱的水會打開毛孔並讓有毒粒子更深地滲入體內。

Some suggest using saline solutions or milk to counteract the acidity in the tear gas, but the only truly effective rinse is with diphoterine, which is a solution used to decontaminate chemical splashes by neutralizing acids.

有些人建議使用生理食鹽水或牛奶來減弱催淚瓦斯的酸性，但唯一有效的清洗劑是敵腐靈，那是一種藉由中和酸性物質以淨化化學品濺觸的溶液。

But who has access to THAT?

但誰有辦法拿到啊？

Another alarming issue with the use of tear gas is that toxicology data is particularly limited because much of the research being done on it is military-based and therefore classified.

使用催淚彈另一個令人擔憂的問題是，由於大部分研究都是作為軍事用途因而被列為機密，所以毒理學的相關資料特別少。

Not only that, long term effects of exposure is practically unknown.

除此之外，接觸到催淚瓦斯的長期影響幾乎是未知的。

There have been a some studies done to measure short term and long term effects, but the sample population in the experiments have been rather small, which can lead to potential systematic bias and error in measuring the results.

有些研究衡量了長短期影響，但是抽樣人數相當少，容易造成系統性偏差及測量結果的誤差。

However, the study did find that even after ten months post exposure, many reported that they experienced respiratory issues like coughing fits, the worsening of asthma, decreased exercise tolerance, and even ocular ulcers.

然而，該研究的確發現，許多接觸者甚至在十個月後還回報了如猛咳等呼吸性問題、氣喘惡化、有氧耐力降低，甚至還有眼角膜潰傷。

How do you feel about the over-usage of tear gas for crowd control?

你對於過量使用催淚彈來管制人群的看法為何？

Let us know in comment section below.

底下留言告訴我們。

If you want to learn more about what's going in Ferguson, go check out our sister show, TestTube.

若是想更深入了解佛格森事件，去看看我們的姊妹節目 TestTube。

And for more of my videos check out sourcefed and sourcefednerd!

去 sourcefed 和 sourcefednerd 頻道觀賞更多我的影片。

Thanks for watching.

謝謝收看。