Today I'm going to be talking to you about a new technology that's affecting famous people.

今天我要來跟你談談一項影響了許多有名人士的新科技。

- Remember when Obama called Trump a dipshit? -"Complete dipshit."

- 記得歐巴馬說川普是個腦殘嗎？ -「完全就是個腦殘。」

Or the time Kim Kardashian rapped, "Because I'm always half naked"?

或是金．卡戴珊饒舌唱：「因為我總是半裸。」？

Or when Arnold Schwarzenegger impersonated himself?

或是阿諾．史瓦辛格模仿自己的時候？

"Get out of there! There's a bomb in there! Get out!"

「快跑！那裡有炸彈！快跑！」

Deepfake. Deepfake. Deepfake.

深度偽造。深度偽造。深度偽造。

You gotta be kidding!

你開玩笑的吧！

This is a deepfake, too.

這也是深度偽造。

I'm not Adele.

我不是愛黛兒。

But I am an expert in online manipulation.

但我是個網路話題操作的專家。

So deepfakes is a term that is used to describe video or audio files that have been created using artificial intelligence.

「深度偽造」是一個用來形容「用人工智慧製作出來的影片檔或音檔」的用語。

My favorite is probably Lisa Vanderpump.

我最喜歡的演員應該是 Lisa Vanderpump。

It started as a very basic face-swapping technology.

深度偽造是從最基本的換臉技術開始的。

And now it's turned into film-level CGI.

現在則已變成電影規格的特效製作。

There's been this huge explosion of, "Oh my goodness, we can't trust anything."

「天啊！我們什麼都不能相信了！」這樣的訊息急遽增加。

Yes, deepfakes are eerily dystopian.

沒錯，深度偽造製造出來的東西恐怖地反烏托邦。

And they're only going to get more realistic and cheaper to make.

它們只會變得更真實、成本變得更低。

But the panic around them is overblown.

但這樣的恐慌有點過於誇張了。

In fact, the alarmist hype is possibly more dangerous than the technology itself.

事實上，危言聳聽的媒體炒作或許比科技本身更危險。

Let me break this down.

以下是我的分析。

First, what everyone is freaking out about is actually not new.

第一點，讓大家嚇壞了的東西其實已存在一陣子。

It's a much older phenomenon that I like to call the weaponization of context or shallowfakes with Photoshop and video editing software.

那是種較以前的現象，我都叫它們「內容武器」或「淺偽」，是用 Photoshop 或是影片編輯軟體製作出來的。

"There's so many needs . . ."

有許多的需求。

How about the time Nancy Pelosi appeared to be drunk while giving a speech?

來看看美國政客南希．裴洛西似乎在酒醉時做了一番演講。

"But you never know."

「但你不會知道。」

"with this president of the United States."

「這美國總統。」

Turns out that video was just slowed down at 75%.

結果只是那影片被以 0.75 倍速播放。

"It was very, very strange."

「這非常奇怪。」

You can have a really simplistic piece of misleading content that can do huge damage.

一條非常簡單的誤導訊息，也可以造成巨大的傷害。

For example, in the lead-up to the midterms, we saw lots of imagery around this caravan of people who were moving towards the U.S.

舉例來說，在美國期中選舉的預備階段，網路上出現了許多類似移民車隊前往美國的照片。

This photo was shared with captions demonizing the so-called migrant caravan at the U.S.-Mexico border in 2018.

這張照片於 2018 年在網路上流傳，以文字詆毀那些所謂的在美墨邊界的移民車隊。

But a reverse image search showed it was actually Pakistani refugees in Greece.

但反向圖片搜尋的結果指出這其實是在希臘的巴基斯坦難民。

You don't need deepfakes' A.I. technology to manipulate emotions or to spread misinformation.

你不需要深度偽造人工智慧技術來操作人群的情緒或散播假消息。

This brings me to my second point.

這也帶到我的第二點。

What we should be really worried about is the liar's dividend.

我們真的該擔心的是「說謊者紅利」。

The lies and actions people will get away with by exploiting widespread skepticism to their own advantage.

說謊、造假者可利用人們廣傳的懷疑論來逃過一劫，甚至獲取利益。

So, remember the "Access Hollywood" tape that emerged a few weeks before the 2016 election?

記得在 2016 年選舉前幾週流出的「前進好萊塢」片段嗎？

"When you're a star, they let you do it."

「當你是明星，他們就會讓你做。」

"You can do anything."

「你什麼都能做。」

Around that time, Trump apologized, but then more recently he's actually said, I'm not sure if I actually said that.

在當時，川普道歉了，但最近他說：「我不確定我是否真的有說過那些話。」

When anything can be fake, it becomes much easier for the guilty to dismiss the truth as fake.

當任何東西都有可能造假，這讓造謠者能更輕易地將真相營造成虛假。

What really keeps me awake at night is less the technology.

讓我夜晚輾轉難眠的不是科技。

It's how we as a society respond to the idea that we can't trust what we see or what we hear.

而是社會大眾對「我們無法相信所見所聞」這件事做出怎麼樣的反應。

So if we are fearmongering, if we are hyperbolic, if we are waving our hands in the air, that itself can be part of the problem.

如果我們危言聳聽、誇大事實，或漠不關心，這都可能成為問題之一。

You can see where this road leads.

你可以看到這件事會怎麼發展。

As public trust in institutions like the media, education and elections dwindles, then democracy itself becomes unsustainable.

當人們對於媒體、教育與選舉的信任降低，民主本身將變得岌岌可危。

The way that we respond to this serious issue is critical.

如何回應這嚴肅議題是很重要的。

Partly this is the platforms thinking very seriously about what they do with this type of content, how they label this kind of content.

有一部分是這些平台該認真想想如何處理這些內容、如何為這些內容分類。

Partly is the public recognizing their own responsibility.

一部分則是大眾對自身責任的認知。

And if you don't know 100%, hand on heart, "This is true," please don't share, because it's not worth the risk.

所以若你不敢百分之百確認「這是真的」，請不要分享，因為這風險並不值得。