Placeholder Image

字幕列表 影片播放

  • Does all knowledge exist in the mind?

    所有的知識都存在於心智嗎?

  • Can all knowledge be made intelligible?

    所有的知識都是理解來的嗎?

  • To be beautiful, as some philosophers would claim, does something have

    如哲學家們的辯證,

  • to be intelligible?

    能理解的才是美嗎?

  • If so, we're left with the following formula: knowledge = intelligible = beauty

    如果是的話,那我們就得到這樣的關係:

  • Knowledge is that which is intelligible, and beauty is a form of knowledge.

    知識是能被理解的東西,而美則是知識的一種。

  • Nietzsche attributes this formula to Socrates.

    尼采認為這是源自蘇格拉底的觀點。

  • He was the one that saidknowledge is virtueand that

    蘇格拉底曾說:「知識即是美德」、

  • "to be beautiful everything must be intelligible”.

    「美感來自於理解」。

  • But, Nietzsche responds with the following question: how do we explain music?

    但尼采對此提出一個問題:那怎麼解釋音樂呢?

  • Music is something people find beautiful, but it's not intelligible in the way many

    人們覺得音樂很美,但並非像其他藝術那樣,

  • other art forms are.

    是用理解的。

  • The beauty of a piece of music isn't understood intellectually so much as

    與其說一首曲子的美是理解來的,

  • it's felt in the body.

    不如說是感受來的。

  • Music engages the instincts, drives, and senses.

    音樂與本能、內驅力、感官相連,

  • You can feel the beauty way before you can articulate it.

    你對美的感受遠早於你能將它訴說,

  • So, if beauty is a type of knowledge, and music is beautiful, perhaps,

    所以如果美是一種知識,而音樂是美的,也許

  • all knowledge isn't intelligible.

    並非所有的知識都是理解來的,

  • Maybe, there's a type of knowledge that's more instinctive.

    也許還有一種知識是天生就有的。

  • Nietzsche thinks this is the case.

    尼采就是這麼認為。

  • He believes that our instincts, drives, and passions are a type of knowledge that's

    他認為我們的本能、內驅力與熱情,

  • built into our body.

    是一種內建的知識。

  • Think about how many millions, or billions, of life forms

    想想有多少難以計數的生命形式,

  • eventually led to the birth of you.

    間接地造就了你的出生。

  • You're part of a long unbroken chain of life

    你就是生命之鏈延綿不斷的一部分,

  • and there's a great deal of information stored in your body.

    你的身體蘊藏著許多的訊息。

  • You can think of our instinctive drives as a fire burning within us.

    你可以將本能的內在驅力想像成在內心燃燒的火燄,

  • Fire is powerful and destructive, but it also has the potential to create,

    火具有強大的力量和毀滅性,但也能創造、

  • transform, and transfigure things.

    轉化事物的性質和樣貌。

  • A well controlled flame can become a candle that burns slowly, but passionately, and fills

    蠟燭就是控制得宜的火焰,緩慢但又熱情地燃燒,

  • an entire room with its beautiful scents.

    讓整個空間充滿香氛。

  • There's no doubt that our passions can give way to violent and dangerous impulses.

    當然,熱情也會被暴力和危險的衝動取代,

  • Fire has the capacity to burn, and because of this, many cultures demonize it.

    在許多文化,因為火的燃燒特質而將它污名化,

  • We're told to suppress our inner fires and desires.

    教導我們要壓抑內心的衝動和慾望,

  • We're told to overcome our flesh and our passions with the mind.

    要用意志力克服肉身和情感上的需求。

  • Nietzsche viewed this suppression as an attack on life.

    尼采認為這種壓抑是對生命的威脅。

  • Our passions, instincts, and drives are what give us the feeling of being alive.

    情感、本能和內驅力給了我們活著的感覺,

  • When we suppress these drives we deny life.

    當這些被壓抑,我們便是在否定生命,

  • We create a discord between our body and our minds.

    讓身體和心智之間產生了衝突,

  • Our body becomes a place of war and turns on itself.

    身體變成了戰場,自己點燃戰火。

  • The mind becomes a tyrant, and we become slaves in our own bodies.

    心智變成了暴君,而我們則成了困在身體裡的奴隸。

  • Nietzsche believed that we must be okay with allowing this flame to burn brightly,

    尼采相信,即使讓內心的火焰閃亮,我們依然安好。

  • but we have to learn to harness it.

    但我們要學會妥善地利用它,

  • Our intellect and our instincts must work in harmony together.

    讓智力與本能和諧地一同運作。

  • Our instincts and drives carry a wisdom of who and what we're supposed to be.

    我們的本能和內驅力帶有智慧,告訴我們該成為怎樣的人;

  • Our mind can help this destiny express itself in a controlled and productive way.

    我們的心智則能讓這樣的使命,收放自如並豐盈地展現。

  • When your instincts and intellect are in harmony, you live an authentic life

    當你的本能和智力合作協調,你就會過著真正屬於你的人生,

  • and become who you were always meant to be.

    成為你該成為的那個人。

  • But, why live an authentic life?

    但是,又為什麼要過著專屬於自己的人生呢?

  • Why does Nietzsche want us to harness our instinctive knowledge?

    為什麼尼采要我們善用本身就具有的智慧?

  • He realizes that we live in a world of imperfect knowledge.

    因為他了解到,我們的世界充滿了不全面的知識,

  • He wants us to stop pretending that we know things.

    他希望我們別再假裝真正知道些什麼,

  • Let's stop pretending that we know what truth, good, or evil are.

    別再以為我們真的知道什麼是真理、什麼是善與惡。

  • When you come into the world, you can't really be certain of anything except that

    當你來到這個世上,唯一能確定的事情就是:

  • you are: you're here, right now, feeling, thinking, and doing things.

    你在這裡、當下的感覺、你在思考和做些什麼。

  • You're born with instincts, drives,

    你天身就具備本能、內驅力,

  • and a capacity to build a rational structure on top of that.

    以及在已知的事情之上做理性建構的能力。

  • We can't be certain that there's another life or world after this one,

    既然我們無法確定真有來生或是另一個世界,

  • so why should we doubt our own impulses?

    那為何要懷疑自己的內在衝動呢?

  • Why should we reject the innate knowledge that's been gifted to us?

    為什麼要否決我們與生俱來的內在智慧呢?

  • Is it possible that there's more intelligence contained in our natural drives than our rational mind?

    在我們自然的內驅力中,是否可能比理智蘊藏著更多智慧?

  • Nietzsche encourages us to allow our instincts to burn like a fire, but harness them and

    尼采鼓勵我們,讓本能像火焰一樣地燃燒,

  • give them a more beautiful shape by using the intellect.

    但要以聰明才智善用它,讓它以更美麗的形式展現。

  • Can you shape your intellect into a sail and use the flames of your passion to rise to

    你能將自己的聰明才智化成風帆,並用熱情之火

  • new heights?

    讓自己飛向天際嗎?

  • This act of self-creation allows us to to reach our highest potential and give what

    這種自我創造能讓我們發揮極致潛能,

  • we uniquely have to give to the world.

    並把自己的獨一無二帶給世界。

  • To achieve anything in this world, to create anything of value, is difficult and requires

    要在世上達成任何目標、創造任何有價值的東西,

  • us to push ourselves beyond our current boundaries.

    並非容易之事,且需要突破當前的限制。

  • If we suppress our inner fire, if we make ourselves a battlefield between our mind and body,

    如果壓抑了內心的火焰,如果讓自己成為身心之間的戰場,

  • we suppress the energy we'll need to overcome obstacles that we may face

    我們便缺乏那股能量,去克服發揮最大潛能之際

  • on the way to reaching our highest potential.

    可能面臨到的阻礙。

  • And, in doing so, we make way for mediocrity.

    如此一來,我們就讓自己變得平庸。

  • You are art and artist: your instincts and intellect can be harmonized into

    你是藝術,也是藝術家,你的本能和才智

  • a uniquely beautiful whole.

    足以譜成獨特的整體之美。

  • In doing so, you live an authentic life and, as Nietzsche would say,

    這麼做你就能擁有屬於自己的人生,而尼采會說,

  • you become what you are.

    你,成為了自己。

Does all knowledge exist in the mind?

所有的知識都存在於心智嗎?

字幕與單字

單字即點即查 點擊單字可以查詢單字解釋