Looking at World Health Organization reports, it seems as though a little less than half of the world's population, 15 or over, like a tipple now and again.

從世界衛生組織的資料中可以看出，全世界似乎約半數 15 歲以上的人口都喜歡偶爾小酌。

Some people, you might say, drink quite a lot more than a tipple, with about 16% of drinkers doing it frequently and heavily.

你也可以說，有些人喜歡的不只小酌，約 16% 的人經常性地大量飲酒。

The WHO put the death toll from heavy drinking at 3.3 million the last time the statistics were compiled, and that was 5.9% of all global deaths that year.

世界衛生組織上一期提供的數據顯示，酗酒相關的死亡案例共有 330 萬起，占全年死亡人數 5.9% 。

This was, however, deaths attributable to drinking, which could include all manner of fatalities blamed on alcohol consumption.

然而，這指的是可歸因於飲酒的死亡率，包含任何可歸因於飲酒的死亡事件。

If we are going to drink, we should at least do it with food inside of us.

如果我們要喝酒，那至少要先吃點東西墊墊胃。

Why?

為什麼呢？

That's what we'll find out today in this episode of the Infographics Show.

這就是我們這集 Infographics Show 要探討的：

What Happens When You Drink Alcohol on an Empty Stomach?

空腹喝酒的後果是什麼呢？

Don't forget to subscribe and click the bell button so that you can be part of our Notification Squad.

別忘了訂閱並開啟小鈴鐺，好收到我們的提醒。

First of all, we should point out that, often, the least responsible of drinkers are the ones that do it underage.

首先我們必須指出，最不負責任飲酒的人通常是未成年者。

In the USA, where the legal drinking age is 21, the CDC reports that booze is the most abused substance among youth.

在合法飲酒年齡為 21 歲的美國，其疾病管制與預防中心指出，酒精是青少年間最常見的濫用物質。

Most countries in the world have an age limit of 18 or 19, after that, it is 16 to 17, and after that, no age limit whatsoever.

多數國家的年齡限制是 18 或 19 歲，在那之後是 16 到 17 歲 ，再來就完全沒有限制了。

Strikingly, there doesn't seem to be much correlation between the drinking age limit and alcohol abuse.

令人驚訝的是，飲酒年齡限制和濫用酒精之間並沒有太大關聯。

This has been an ongoing debate in the USA, with reports coming to different conclusions.

這在美國是一場無止境的論戰，也發展出許多不同的結論。

Some say raising the age to 21 was a success, others say it pushed younger people into closed rooms where they did more binge drinking.

有些人認為將年齡限制提高到 21 歲非常成功，其他人則認為這將年輕人推進了濫飲的漩渦。

The CDC even states that, "Although drinking by persons under the age of 21 is illegal, people aged 12 to 20 years drink 11% of all alcohol consumed in the United States."

疾病管制與預防中心甚至指出：「雖然飲酒合法年齡是 21 歲 ，但美國總體酒量的 11% 卻是由 12 到 20 歲之間的人喝掉的。」

It also stated that 90% of that drinking was binge drinking.

中心也指出這其中有 90% 都是濫飲。

The same year this research was undertaken, 4,300 of those underage drinkers died, and a further 189,000 visited the emergency room.

研究進行同年，有 4 千 3 百位未成年飲酒者死亡，更有 18 萬 9 千位進了急診室。

This is food for thought when we consider America is the only developed nation that has this 21-and-over age requirement for drinking.

這非常耐人尋味，尤其如果考量到美國是開發國家中唯一設有 21 歲飲酒年齡限制的國家。

So, if you are watching this and wondering how you might better drink safely, then we will come to our question of whether you should only drink with food in your stomach.

所以，如果你正在收看這部影片並好奇如何安全飲酒，那麼我們就進入主題：是否只能在有進食的狀況下喝酒。

According to HAMS (Harm Reduction for Alcohol), you should do a few things before you drink, and indeed, eating is one of them.

HAMS（酒精傷害降低組織）指出，喝酒前有幾件事要做，而吃東西的確是其中一件。

We will give you the abridged version of why they say that is.

讓我們精簡地說明其原由。

The stomach has a small surface area, and the small intestine, a very large surface area.

我們胃部的表面積很小，而小腸的表面積則相當大。

So, the small intestine is very good at absorbing alcohol, and your stomach is not.

因此，小腸的酒精吸收能力非常好，胃部則不然。

The stomach is linked to the small intestine with a valve called the pyloric valve.

胃跟小腸是由叫作幽門瓣的瓣門連結。

If you stuff your face, the valve closes to keep all the food down so it can be digested.

在你大吃大喝時，這個瓣門就會關上，好讓食物下滑以被消化。

High-fat food will keep this valve shut for up to 6 hours.

高脂肪食物會讓這個瓣門關上長達 6 小時。

Proteins and carbs apparently work well, too.

蛋白質和碳水化合物的功效據說也不錯。

We are told that eating a big, fatty meal before boozing will mean that all those beers and shots will be absorbed slowly, and your BAC (blood alcohol content) will stay low for a while and you won't feel so wasted.

我們被告知喝酒前吃頓油膩大餐會使所有酒精的吸收速度變慢，而你的 BAC（血液酒精濃度）也會持低一段時間，讓你不感到那麼醉。

Drink on an empty stomach, and all that booze will go straight to your head.

空腹時喝酒，那麼你很快就會喝醉。

And there's more chance you'll make a fool out of yourself, or worse, end up facing a doctor from a hospital bed with no memory of driving your car into your neighbor's house.

你也更有可能讓自己出醜，更糟的情況是你可能會在病床上醒來，全然忘記你昨晚開車撞進了鄰居家。

They also point out that eating after you have consumed a lot of alcohol will not mean you'll become less drunk.

他們也指出，在大量喝酒之後進食並不能減緩你的酒醉。

The downside to empty-stomach drinking is not only the effects it may have on your actions, but also your body.

空腹喝酒的缺點不只是可能對你行為的影響，還有對你身體的影響。

With food inside of you, the booze will drip into your liver, digestive system, and kidneys, rather than hit them like a tidal wave.

胃裡有食物，能讓酒精慢慢滴進肝臟、消化系統和腎臟，而不是像海嘯一般衝擊它們。

So, what should you eat?

那麼，你該吃些什麼呢？

Well, while HAMS says a pizza will work, other research says healthier fats will be better.

HAMS 指出披薩有效，但有其他研究指出，健康的脂肪比較好。

So, before you go out on the town, try having some salmon or avocado, or even nuts and hummus.

所以在你飲酒作樂狂歡前，不妨吃些鮭魚或酪梨，甚至堅果和鷹嘴豆泥。

One thing we are told is that, contrary to popular belief, fatty food doesn't soak up the alcohol the morning after, but as we are telling you, the hour before.

與一般所信不同的是，高脂肪食物不能在隔天早上吸收酒精，而是前面提到的，在飲酒前一個小時。

To protect your liver before you endeavor to go out on a big session, you might also eat some turmeric, kale, cinnamon, broccoli, or beetroot.

要在外出挑戰大喝壯舉前保護你的肝，你也許能試著吃些薑黃、甘藍菜、肉桂、花椰菜或甜菜根。

If that is too hard to find, drink some lemon juice, the fresh kind, not the stuff that comes in a can and pretends to be lemon.

如果它們都太難取得，那就喝點檸檬汁吧。新鮮的，不是那種瓶裝還假裝自己是檸檬的那種果汁。

But whatever the case, for your body, and in regards to what might happen to you, eat a big meal before you go crazy with the drink.

但無論如何，為了你的身體和任何會發生在你身上的事，出去飲酒作樂前還是大吃一頓吧。

Ok, we understand, you are young and broke and haven't yet had the chance to experience the utter downsides of drinking to oblivion.

好，我們了解，你年輕、沒錢，也還沒體會過喝到掛的壞處。

You want to eat less so you can get drunk faster.

你想吃少一點，才能更快喝醉。

There's even a term for this: Drunkorexia.

甚至有個名詞為此而生：酗酒厭食症。

It's not only about getting drunk faster, but also about consuming less calories from food so you feel less guilty about drinking nine cocktails and a shot of something noxious.

這不只跟醉得更快有關，也跟你想用攝取更少的熱量來補償喝 9 杯雞尾酒和一小杯烈酒的罪惡感有關。

According to one study by the University of Missouri, this is common with young people.

根據一份密蘇里大學的研究，這種在年輕人之間很常見。

67% of those questioned said it was related to weight gain and only 21% said it was to facilitate drunkenness.

67% 的受訪者表示這跟體重增加有關，而只有 21% 的人表示是為了喝醉。

It didn't say what the others said.

但此份研究沒有公布其他人的說法。

Vice magazine reports that it's also common in the UK, with some respondents saying that it was a good way to save money.

《Vice》雜誌指出，酗酒厭食症在英國也很常見，許多受訪者表示這是個省錢的好方法。

There have been other reports saying that this is "youth-shaming," but anyone that has been young and prone to partying will tell you it's very much a reality.

也有其他報導指出，這是「羞辱年輕人」的做法，但曾經年輕過、喜歡參加派對的人都說這就是事實。

The problem is, it is very bad for you.

但問題是，這對你的健康有害。

Another problem is, in many cases the very young feel like they are almost immortal, even after they've received 27 stitches from opening a door with their head.

另一個問題是，就算因為用頭把門撞破而縫了 27 針，還是有許多年輕人都認為他們是不死之身。

While those of you that have drunk alcohol on an empty stomach will know it makes a difference, there is a lot more than anecdotal evidence out there.

如果你曾經空腹喝酒，你會發現真的有差，而的確還有更多荒謬事蹟佐證。

The New York Times cites research that explains that subjects given booze on an empty stomach were more intoxicated than those that ate something.

《紐約時報》引述了一項研究，指出跟吃過東西喝酒相比，空腹喝酒會讓人更醉。

This could be very important if you are drinking around the safe drink-driving limit, says the report.

研究報告說，這對你維持在安全酒後駕駛範圍裡非常重要。

The report states, "Having food in the stomach—particularly proteins, fats, and dense carbohydrates—slows that absorption process."

研究指示：「胃裡有食物，尤其是蛋白質、脂肪和高碳水化合物，都可以減緩酒精的吸收」。

And no matter what you do after that, eat, drink coffee, put yourself under an intense cold shower, you won't change how much alcohol is in your system.

而不論你在酒後吃東西、喝咖啡、洗冷水澡，都不能改變你體內的酒精含量。

In conclusion, if you are going to drink, always eat before you do so.

結論是，如果你要喝酒，就一定要先吃東西。

It's not only better for your body, but could prevent you from going haywire.

這不只對你的身體好，也可以防止你出亂子。

Have you ever drunk on an empty stomach?

你曾經空腹喝酒過嗎？

Did you feel there was a significant difference from drinking on a full stomach?

你有感受到它和飽腹喝酒間的明顯差別嗎？

Let us know in the comments!

留言讓我們知道！

Also, be sure to check out our other video called What If You Only Drank Coke and Nothing Else?

別忘了收看我們另一部影片：如果只喝可樂會發生什麼事？

Thanks for watching, and, as always, don't forget to like, share, and subscribe.

謝謝收看，還有一如往常提醒大家．別忘了按讚、分享並訂閱。

See you next time!

我們下次見！