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  • # How Many Countries are There?

    # 世上到底有多少個國家?

  • How many countries are there?

    世上到底有多少個國家?

  • Easy: just grab a map and start counting, yes? No.

    簡單啦: 隨便找一張地圖數一下吧, 是嗎? 不.

  • Not all maps are created equal -- borders will differ depending on who you got the map

    不是每一張地圖都做得一模一樣的 -- 視乎你問甚麼人拿的地國,國界會不一樣的

  • from.

    .

  • So if individuals disagree, then surely a committee will save the day. Go to the United

    那麼,如果有人不同意,應該 會有一個組織可以解決問題吧? 去聯合國

  • Nations, find the room where countries sit -- each with a little name tag -- start counting

    找那個坐滿不同國家的房間 -- 每個人都有一個小名牌 -- 然後開始數

  • and get an answer. Now of course, countries come and countries go, but at the time this

    看看答案吧. 當然, 國家有來有去, 到這個影片

  • video was made the answer is 193.

    製作的時候,答案是 193.

  • Fastest video ever, right? Except: you know this isn't over. The United Nations list is

    這是最短的影片,對吧? 你知道沒有完的 聯合國名單

  • less a complete class roster than a club membership that doesn't include everyone.

    不像學生點名簿,反而更像會所成員 不是每個人都在內的

  • Take, Vatican City who is a country but is too cool for school when it comes to being

    例如,梵蒂岡,是一個國家 但說到要做聯合國會員

  • a member of the United Nations.

    對他們來說就太過新潮啦

  • And while Vatican City's exact situation iscomplicated he's straightforward compared

    梵蒂岡的情况可能是有點複雜, 其實已經算是容易理解

  • to other non-United Nations countriesor places -- the terminology is going to have

    要是跟其他非聯合國加盟國… 或者 「地方」 -- 用詞上會

  • a be a bit, unclear here.

    有點, 糢糊.

  • Take Kosovo, who want's to join the UN club, but membership requires none of these five

    好像科索沃,她想加入這個聯合國俱樂部, 但入會的要求是這五個國家

  • countries to reject you. And while the United States, The United Kingdom and France think

    裏面沒有人反對. 而美國、英國、法國認為

  • Kosovo is a country, Russia and China think she's just a rebellious part of Serbia and

    科索沃是個國家,俄羅斯和中國卻認為 她只是塞爾維亞一個叛亂的部份

  • so veto her membership. As for everyone else, just over half recognize Kosovo as independent

    所以否決了她的會藉。對其他人而言, 只有剛好過半的人承認科索沃獨立

  • and Kosovo, adorably, has a website where she thanks each one in their own language.

    而科索沃,非常可愛地, 有一個網頁 用對方的語言去感謝每一個承認自己的國家。

  • But Kosovo, is not there only otherplace that wants to be considered a real country.

    不過科索沃,不是唯一一個其他...「地方」 想成為一個真正的國家。

  • There's Transnistria, Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, Abkhazia, and South Ossetia. Which might,

    其他還有 【德涅斯特河沿岸】, 【納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫共和國】, 【阿布哈茲】, 和 【南奧塞梯】. 視乎

  • or might not, be part of Moldova, Azerbaijan or Georgia depending on who you ask. Two of

    你問甚麼人,她們可能,或可能不是【摩多瓦】, 【阿塞拜彊】 或者【格魯吉亞】 的一部份。 其中兩個

  • thesecountries, no UN members recognize as countries, and other two have only five

    … 國家, 沒得到任何聯合國成員國承認 為國家,其他兩個只有五個

  • supporters. Though all four of these... places recognize each other as countries. There's

    支持者。 不過這四個...地方 都各自承認對方的國家地位。還有

  • also The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic and Northern Cyprus each with their own supporters.

    【西撒哈拉】 和 【北塞浦路斯】 各自有自己支持者。

  • At this point you might be thinking 'OK, srsly, what's the deal? I don't care who these guys

    這時候你可能會想,「OK,老實講 怎麼搞的?我不管這些傢伙

  • think are countries, are these places countries or not?' If I fly to one for a Holliday, will

    當不當這些是國家,這些地方 到底是不是國家?」 如果我去到其中一個渡假

  • it *look* like a country when I get there? The answer is, 'maybe'.

    我抵步的時候她會「像」一個國家嗎? 答案是,「可能吧」。

  • These... countries are all autonomous, to some extent, with governments that issue passports

    這些... 國家都是自治的 (某程度上), 有政府去發行護照

  • though these may be of rather limited use and depending on which ones you're visiting

    雖然這些護照用途很有限 和視乎你去哪一個國家

  • they may have more or less control of the territory they claim as theirs. You won't

    她們可能或多或少對自己聲稱的領土有控制。 你不一定

  • always find a clear border.

    能找到明確的邊界。

  • What makes many of these places... fuzzy is they're *usually* born of conflict in the

    令很多這些地方有點...模糊的原因是 她們*通常*是在

  • recent-ish past.

    比較近期的歷史下誕生。

  • That answer is probably less helpful than you want so think of it like this: while The

    這個答案可能沒有很大幫助 不過你可以這樣想: 現在

  • United States is clearly a country now, in 1776, not so much. Then she was just an idea

    美國明顯是一個國家,在1776年呢, 不怎麼是。當時她只是一個

  • in minds of rebel scum. She wasn't recognized as a country instantly and without diplomatic

    在一班反對派的混蛋心目中的概念。 她還沒有立刻被承認 為國家,如果沒有外交努力的話

  • effort to change that Young America would never have made it on her own. Much like what

    年輕的美國可能沒有靠自己挺過來。

  • happened a century later when she got her own rebel who, unlike elder sister, failed

    就很像一個世紀後她自己有一個反抗者 (譯註:指美利堅聯盟國)

  • in the diplomacy department soyeah.

    和她的姐姐不一樣 她在外交部門上輸了,所以... yeah.

  • And so it goes today with many of the maybe countries in the world. Maybe they're future

    就這樣,今天有很多「可能」的國家 她們可能是未來的國家,像

  • United States and maybe they're future Confederacies -- but in the moment it's hard to say -- because

    美國, 可能她們是未來的美利堅聯盟國 -- 不過現在很難說 -- 因為

  • these things can take decades to settle.

    這些事情要幾十年去解決.

  • By the way, these maybe-countries are super awkward for countries to deal with. While

    順帶一提,這些「可能國家」對 其他國家而言,處理起來超級尷尬

  • your tiny island nation might not want to get involved in the affairs of distant lands

    你的小島國可能懶得理會 遙遠他方的土地事情

  • you still have to decide to send a diplomat, or not -- meaning even inaction forces you

    你還是要決定派還是不派一個外交官去 -- 也就是說你的不作為

  • to pick a side in *every territorial skirmish in the world*.

    已經是對 *世上每一個領土紛爭* 表了態。

  • A notably awkward case being: Taiwanerrr, sorry, Chinese Taipei which is *totally* part

    一個最尷尬的case是.. 台灣… errr, 對不起, 中華台北,*完完全全*是中國的

  • of China and no one would ever think otherwiseIs China gone?

    一部份,沒有人會質疑的… (中國走了沒有?)

  • OK: by any reasonable definition, Taiwan is a separate country and has been for years,

    OK: 以任何合理的定義來看,台灣 是一個獨立國家,而且維持了很多年,

  • but China won't let go and insists you call her Chinese Taipei and don't forget who makes

    但中國就是不肯放手,並堅持要你 叫她「中華台北」,還有不要忘記

  • all your clothing and utensils and TVs and phones and computers and everything.

    甚麼人生產你的衣服,餐具,電視, 電話,電腦,和所有東西。

  • So almost all countries -- including the mighty United States -- plays along even though they

    所以差不多所有國家 -- 包括偉大的 美國 -- 也順她意,雖然她

  • unofficially acknowledge Taiwan's independence and do things that wouldn't make any senses

    非官方地認知台灣的獨立 而且做著一些沒有這種認知就毫不合理的事

  • otherwise -- like sending aircraft carriers to protect one part of China from another

    -- 例如派航空母艦去 保護中國的一部份去免受中國的

  • part of China.

    另一部份的威脅.

  • Thus the innocent question 'how many countries?' has led us straight to a big 'World War III:

    因而,一條無辜的「有多少國家」問題, 帶領我們去到一個很大的 「第三次世界大戰' :

  • Press Here to Start' button which is getting depressing so lets move on to...

    按這裡開始'」按鈕,這樣有點令人沮喪, 所以不如繼續去...

  • Ohhhh, right.

    噢...., 對啦.

  • ::sigh::

    ::唉~::

  • No more politics: on to higher ideas: The Olympics. Surely from their perch among the

    不要再說政治: 談一下更高層次的概念: 奧運。 從眾神吃花生觀望的,

  • gods they have a disinterested view of the countries below. "How many are there, Olympics?"

    對世界毫無興趣的角度去看。 「奧運,到底有多少個?」

  • Two hundred and four? Huh.

    二百零四?嗯.

  • So Olympics is a bitspecial. She defines Puerto Rico as a 'country' even though it's

    不過奧運有點..特別。 她定義 【波多黎各】為一個國家,雖然

  • unambiguously part of the United States as well as Bermuda and Aruba which are connected

    她毫無疑問是美國的一部份 還有【百慕達】和【阿魯巴】,跟

  • to the UK and The Netherlands along with a bunch of other places that are happy to play

    英國和荷蘭有關聯,還有一堆其他地方樂意

  • in her Olympic Games as Nations but make no claims to independence.

    作為一個「nation」去參加奧運卻沒有聲稱獨立。

  • Presumably, Olympics includes these to bump up the number so she can say 'more than 200

    可以想像,奧運包括了這些去增加 參加數字,使得她可以講「超過200個

  • countries compete!' Though even her inflated list doesn't include Vatican City -- because,

    國家競技!」 不過這張充了水的名單 並沒有包括梵蒂岡 -- 因為

  • given his demographics, divine intervention would be required to take home a gold.

    以他的人口構成, 要取得金牌 恐怕沒有神助是不行啦。

  • And Vatican City brings us right back to the core of the difficulty with this question:

    而梵蒂岡正正把問題帶回難題的核心:

  • a consistent definition of 'country' is impossible because your checklist needs to both include

    對「國家」要有一致定義的不可能的 因為你的清單要包含

  • Vatican City the least country-like country that's still a country -- and that also exclude

    梵蒂岡,一個最不像國家,但依然是國家 的國家, -- 同時要剔除

  • the Anti-Vatican City: Hong Kong: -- the most country-like country that isn't.

    梵蒂岡的相反:香港,一個最像國家的國家,卻不能算是國家

  • Also don't forget from previous episodes the seemingly endless territories which look and

    還有別忘記上回提到 一些看來無限的「領土」,看來

  • act like independent countries, but just sort of aren't.

    像獨立國家,卻不怎麼算是。

  • And this isn't even brining up the various Nutters who plant a flag on an Island, or

    而這還沒有去到那些 在島或者油台上插國旗

  • an oil rig, start printing currency on their fancy inkjet and declare Deludtopia a new

    用家裏的噴墨打印機印鈔票 然後聲稱一個虛擬國度是

  • nation.

    獨立國家的瘋子

  • So with no checklist to follow where does that leave us? The best answer to the question

    那麼沒有清單去跟,那我們 在哪裏了? 對這個問題最好的答案是:

  • 'how many countries' for the forceable future is probably to say 'around 200' and leave

    在可見將來,「世上有多少國家」的答案 或者可以說「大概200」,

  • it at that.

    然後就這樣吧。

  • An answer with more significant figures implies more agreement than there really is -- because

    要準確到多幾個位值,代表 要有比現實更多的合意 -- 因為

  • ultimately, what makes a country a country is if other countries think that country is

    始終,一個國家之所以是一個國家 是取決於其他國家認為這個國家

  • a country.

    是個國家。

# How Many Countries are There?

# 世上到底有多少個國家?

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