Welcome to Life Noggin.

歡迎收看 Life Noggin。

That…

那個 ...

Oh…

喔 ...

That subscribe button is not supposed to do that.

那個訂閱鍵不應該這麼做。

Hey guys, the subscribe button is not supposed to do that!

嘿朋友們，這個訂閱鍵不應該這麼做！

Who could forget their first time biting into a pizza bagel?

誰會忘記第一次吃比薩貝果？

The taste of that delicious morsel will stay in my memory forever.

那美味將永遠留存在我的記憶中。

But what will happen to that memory after I die?

但當我死了之後，那個記憶會如何呢？

It may help to first understand what memories are.

首先我們要先了解什麼是記憶。

Your brain contains around 100 billion neurons that communicate with each other across gaps

你的大腦有大約 1000 億個神經元，

called synapses using proteins and chemicals called neurotransmitters. A memory is formed

他們會透過蛋白質和神經遞質的化學物質在突觸之間互相連接。

when certain proteins, like AKT and CaMKII, strengthen the synaptic connections.

記憶的形成是當特定的蛋白質如 AKT 和 CaMKII 加強突觸連接。

The formation of long-term memories takes time and occurs over stages - a process known

長期記憶的形成需要時間並且分階段進行 -

as memory consolidation.

也就是記憶鞏固的過程。

Once complete, the neurons involved in the original experience become a fixed combination

一旦完成，原本的神經元會固定組合，

to help you remember the entire event - from sound to taste.

幫助你記得整個過程 —— 從聲音到味道。

But over time, memories can alter or fade.

但經過時間流逝，記憶會改變或消失。

Scientists have found that memories are malleable and can change during recall or from outside

科學家發現記憶具有延展性，可以從回想過程或是外部建議中改變。

suggestion. And as we age, certain types of memories, like the association between

而且隨著我們年齡的增長，特定的記憶：

two things or the recollection of specific details, diminish. Researchers think this

例如兩件事情間的關聯或是特定細節的記憶，都會消失。

may be due to the fact that the hippocampus shrinks as we age, which is the region of

研究者認為這可能是因為海馬體隨著年齡增長而萎縮，

the brain that stores these types of memories.

海馬體就是大腦存放這些類型記憶的區域。

Compared to other organs, your brain requires much more energy to function.

相較於其他器官，你的大腦需要更多能量去運作。

That is why it is the first organ to fail or become irreversibly injured when the heart

這就是為什麼這裡是當心臟停止跳動時，

stops pumping, such as during cardiac arrest.

第一個失效或是造成不可逆受傷的器官。

The first part of the brain to go is the hippocampus, which plays a big role in memory storage.

大腦的第一個部分就是海馬區，是儲存記憶很重要的角色。

If heart function isn't restored, the entire brain will shut down in just 4 or 5 minutes.

如果心臟功能無法恢復，整個大腦將會關閉 4 到 5 分鐘。

But just 3 minutes without blood flow leads to brain injury that will progressively get

但只要 3 分鐘沒有血液流到大腦，這會造成大腦嚴重傷害，

worse and eventually become irreversible even if the person is resuscitated or brought back to life.

如果情況更加惡化，即使這個人甦醒或是存活下來，大腦可能已經造成不可逆的傷害。

That is why many survivors of cardiac arrest suffer from memory loss even years after the

這就是為什麼許多心臟停止的倖存者即使生活經過幾年後，

event.

依然喪失記憶。

In a 2009 study of cardiac arrest survivors treated with hypothermia to protect brain

在 2009 年研究裡，接受低溫治療心臟停止的倖存者中，

function, one-third had moderate to severe memory difficulties and nearly half had mildly

有三分之一的倖存者有中度到重度記憶障礙，

affected long-term memory measured by the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test.

經過瑞弗蜜行為記憶測驗發現有將近二分之一倖存者的長期記憶受到輕度影響。

But a number of cardiac arrest patients have reported memories of near death experiences

但許多心臟停止患者的報告顯示，

that occurred after their heart had stopped beating and they were considered clinically

在他們的心臟停止跳動後發生了近乎死亡的記憶，

dead.

並被認為在臨床上已經死亡。

In one study, 40% reported having awareness during this time, and in another, 10% reported

在研究中，40% 報告顯示這段期間是有意識的，

memories of this period.

另外，10% 報告顯示這段期間的記憶。

This may be caused by a surge in electrical activity in the brain after death.

這有可能是死亡後大腦的電波激增而起的。

A 2013 study in rats found that within the first 30 seconds after death by induced cardiac

在 2013 年對大鼠研究發現，在誘發心臟停止而死亡的前 30 秒內，

arrest, they displayed neural patterns similar to a highly aroused brain.

他們表現出類似高度喚醒大腦的神經模式。

Though this doesn't necessarily mean the same thing occurs in humans, and many neuroscientists

儘管這並不意味著人類也會發生同樣的事情，

believe that near death experiences are born from the stress of the cardiac arrest and

但許多神經學家認為接近死亡的經歷是由心臟停止的壓力產生，

are memories of the events before death - not after.

並且是對死亡之前的記憶 —— 而不是之後。

So, most likely, after we die and our brain shuts down for good, our memories will simply

因此，很有可能在我們死並且大腦永遠關閉後，

fade away like a deleted computer file.

我們的記憶就像刪除電腦裡的檔案一樣逐漸消失。

Anyway, I hope my last memories are of all the pizza bagels I've eaten.

總之，我希望我最後的記憶是所有我吃過的比薩貝果。

No need to think about bad things!

不需要想不好的事情！

Yay!

耶！

So, do you have an earliest memory that you can remember?

你是否還記得最早的記憶？

Maybe a favorite memory of yours?

也許是你最喜歡的記憶？

If you're comfortable with sharing it, let me know in the comment section below!

如果你願意，可以在下方留言和我分享！

Curious to know what would happen if you never forgot anything?

我很好奇什麼樣的事情會讓你永遠無法忘記？

Check out this video!

收看這個影片！

Hyperthymesia is a rare mental state or neurological condition where a person has a very detailed

超憶症是一種罕見的神經疾病，

autobiographical memory.

一個人擁有超常自傳性記憶。

Basically, they remember a lot about their past!

基本上，他們會記得很多過去的事情！

As always my name is Blocko!

我的名字是 Blocko！

This has been Life Noggin!

這是 Life Noggin！

Don't forget to keep on thinking.

不要忘記思考。