The idea is called Cybersovereignty and it's already spreading around the world.

這個概念稱之為「網際網路主權」，且這種觀念正擴散至全世界。

This is your Bloomberg QuickTake on the new Cyber Cold War.

這是 Bloomberg QuickTake 與您探討網路冷戰。

Welcome!

歡迎您！

It's the new millennium, and a simpler time for the internet.

這個新的一千年裡頭，網際網路變得唾手可得。

Western tech pioneers proclaim it's a borderless force for transparency and individual freedom.

西方科技先鋒宣稱這是一股無國界力量推動著個人的自由以及透名度。

But fast forward to now

不過，快轉時間至今日，

and that's being challenged like never before.

這件事情正遭受前所未有的挑戰。

A massive cyber attack affecting nearly 50 million Facebook users.

大規模的網路攻擊事件影響了近 5000 萬的臉書用戶。

And it was my mistake, and I'm sorry.

這是我的錯誤，且對此我很抱歉。

Even if you're not doing anything wrong, you're being watched.

即使你並沒做錯任何事情，你仍然被監控著。

You want to win a war, you need weapons for that.

你想要贏得這場戰爭，你需要有戰鬥的武器。

And we could build them.

而我們能夠打造這些武器。

There's been a global backlash against Facebook, Google, WhatsApp.

已經開始有全球性抵制臉書、谷歌、ＷhatsApp 的浪潮出現。

This backlash coincides with the rise of the Chinese model.

這股浪潮隨著「中國模式」崛起而生。

Today you have governments from Russia to Southeast Asia saying, hang on, we get to control content on the internet

今天你可以看見從俄羅斯到東南亞的政府宣稱：「等一等，我們必須要控制網路的資訊內容。」

and at the same time there is not an impediment to stunning economic growth.

且同時這對一個正爆發性成長的經濟體而言不是阻礙。

It's an ideological coup and a rejection

這是對於美國網路模式在意識形態上的否定，

of the American internet model, which promised to spur

也就是對刺激創新以及自由的這種模式

innovation and freedom.

的拒絕。

Now China is offering a different vision: both internet control and tech innovation, and it has fans.

現在中國正提供一種不同的視角：「科技創新和網路控制兩者並存」，而且還有人支持這樣的視角。

Today, there would be a growing number of people

在今天，有一數量正在成長的群眾，

who would argue that controlling the flow of information

爭論著對於網路資訊的控制，

across the internet does not actually impede innovation.

並不足使創新受到阻礙。

The crux of the Chinese internet model is based around the nation state.

中國網路模式的核心建立於國家的基礎上。

Setting your own rules for your own citizens

對你的國民制定一套自己的規則，

that can't be circumvented by the internet.

讓網路行為不能規避於法律之外。

So very simply, they want to control

簡言之，他們想要控制

what sort of content is hosted on the internet

中國網民能夠接觸到的

that's available to Chinese users

網路內容。

and they want absolute control over that content.

並且他們想要網路的絕對控制權力。

So if they decide, for instance, that they don't want

所以如果他們決定，舉例來說，他們不想要

any references to the Tiananmen Massacre from 1989,

任何關於 1989 年天安門大屠殺的所有參考資訊被網民接觸到的話，

then they will scrub that out of every website and every app

他們就把所有可能在中國境內被中國的人或者其他使用者接觸到的網站和 app

within the country that Chinese or consumers can see.

中相關的內容去除掉。

And this controlled, moderated version of the internet

透過控制，修改過的內容將在網路上散佈，

is spreading, especially across Southeast Asia.

尤其是在東南亞地區如此。

Vietnam's controversial version

具爭議性的越南-中國網路模式在

of the Chinese internet model went into effect in 2019.

2019 年正式生效。

It demands the data of Vietnamese users

讓廣大越南用戶資料

is kept in the country.

受到國家管控。

Indonesia, Southeast Asia's largest economy,

印尼，東南亞最大經濟體，

already requires data to be stored locally.

已經要求資訊在地儲存。

The Philippines has stepped up

菲律賓已經採取

what critics call a media crackdown

議論中所稱的媒體制裁行動，

and one of the latest to buy into the rationale

並且其中一個最近採取這樣的措施的

is Thailand, which passed a cyber security bill

是泰國，也通過了中國模式的

modeled on China's.

網路安全法案。

Southeast Asia is the testing ground for Chinese ambitions.

東南亞是中國野心的試驗場。

The region is home to more than half a billion people

這是個於被預期在 2025 年之前網路經濟將成長三倍、

whose internet economy is expected to triple

超過 5 億人口的

to 240 billion dollars by 2025.

所在地區。

I think a lot of Chinese companies,

我認為許多的中國公司，

and potentially Beijing itself,

以及可能連北京本身，

see Southeast Asia as the first step in

將東南亞視為

expanding their influence globally

擴張全球影響力的第一步，

but that's when the digital Cold War kind of differs from

但也是數位冷戰跟我們過去所

the Cold War we're familiar with.

熟悉的冷戰不同的地方。

In this case, I think countries are adopting

在這個狀況下，我認為這些國家採取

the Chinese style model without necessarily subscribing

雖然採取中國特色的模式，但不必然

to Beijing's style of government and/or Beijing's agenda.

與北京政府或者照著北京的步調走。

China's version of the internet is appealing

中國版的網路對於那些

to other nations who want to control

想要控制人民所見所聞的

what their populations see and hear,

國家來說深具吸引力，

but it doesn't mean China's calling the shots.

但也不代表中國就有決定權。

Instead it could create an unprecedented bifurcation

相反地，可能產生前所未見的

of the internet, effectively ending our notion

網路分歧，真的終結了

of a truly worldwide web,

我們對於世界網路的核心概念。

meaning what information you can easily access

也就是說你所接收到的資訊能輕易地

would depend on where you are

被政府截取，並且依照你的身份

and what that government decides you should know.

和政府決定要給你看什麼內容而被更改。