Certainly, I do want you to apply for a job at solar city or Tesla or SpaceX

當然，我希望你們能應徵太陽城或特斯拉或太空X的職位

and

還有

if not then, if that doesn't work for whatever reason then

如果因為任何理由你無法應徵的話

apply to jobs at other companies in that arena or

你可以應徵相關領域的其他公司

try starting a company.

或是嘗試創業

If you study engineering and you figure out how to design new things

如果你就讀工程科系 並且對設計東西很有思維的話

then it's relatively easy to start a company

自己創業的話是相對簡單的

you just need to get a few like-minded people

你需要的就只是找幾個和你理念相同的夥伴

with you.

00:00:43,000 --> 00:00:45,400 我必須承認太空企業

I have to say that the space business is quite

是很難去踏出創業的第一步

it's quite hard to start a company in space business

因為航空業非常消耗資源

because it's such a capital intensive business

所以去做太陽能產業或許是比較好的選擇

So it may be better to do something in Solar power

或者是你想要發展汽車產業

or if you're gonna do it in cars

去嘗試看看，像是汽車零件供應商

do it in, as kind of a component supplier for cars or something like that.

瑪斯克擁有經濟和物理大學學位

Musk has college degrees in business and physics

但太空X是他踏入航太業的第一段旅程

but SpaceX is his first venture in aerospace.

你是怎麼獲得的太空船公司的科技部門頭協 所需要的專業?

How did you get the expertise to be the chief technology officer of a rocket ship company?

我有物理學為背景， 用這個作為基礎幫助我很大

Well, I do have a physics background, that's helpful as a foundation

我閱讀很多書籍， 而且跟很多的聰明人士交流

and then I read a lot of books and talked to a lot of, lot of smart people.

不要盲目地追隨潮流

don't just follow the trend

你應該聽我說過

you may have heard me say

在探討物理方面上的第一個原則

that it's good to think in terms of the physics approach of first principles

就是與其去假設是非對錯

which is rather than reasoning by analogy

你可以對所有事實和真理追根究柢 並以此當作基礎

you boil things down to the most fundamental truths you can imagine

從那邊開始探討

and you reason up from there

是一個非常好的方法去釐清事實

and this is a good way to figure out if

如果一切開始合理

if something really makes sense

即使大家也做一樣的事情

or if it's just what everybody else is doing

雖然很難去使用這個方法 而且這個方法不能應用在所有事情上

and it's hard to think that way, you can't think- think that way about everything

這需要很大的努力

it takes a lot of effort

但如果你想要創新那這是最好的方法

but if you're trying to do something new it's the best way to think

這個構想是物理學家發明用來

and that framework was developed by physicists

理解違背常理的知識像是量子力學而產生的

to figure out counterintuitive things like quantum mechanics.

所以這是一個非常強大的方法

So it's really a powerful powerful method.

我想知道在你的生命中有發生任何讓你很意外的事嗎

And I want to know what is the one thing that has surprised you about your life?

說實在所有發生在我身上事我都蠻意外的

Well, I simply I'm surprised about the whole thing honestly

我沒有想到自己可以達到今天這樣的成就

I certainly didn't expect to be, to be, for any of these things to happen, honestly

你知道，我想做的就是能夠參與科技業

Yeah, I just you know, I know I wanted to be involved in technology

00:02:32,700 --> 00:02:35,350 我之所以會在1995年創立這家公司

and

是打算發展網路業的 因為我無法理解

in fact the only reason I started a company back in 95

為何網路公司已經那麼少了 但我卻沒被錄取

an internet company was because I couldn't get it

我試著應徵Netscape，我寄了我的履歷

there were only a few internet companies and I couldn't get a job at any of them

而且我試著去認識其他人， 但是我害羞到無法開口

I tried to get a job at at Netscape and I sent my resume

當時我心裡就想， 我不如自己創立一個公司

and I tried hanging out in the lobby, but I was too shy to talk to anyone

因為沒有一個公司要我

and it was like okay, well I guess I'll have to start a company

00:03:06,100 --> 00:03:07,600 我不是一個毫無畏懼的人

cause I can't get a job anywhere.

事實上我對恐懼很敬畏

thank you

但

I wouldn't say I'm fearless

如果

in fact I I think I fear, I feel fear quite strongly

如果我們所做的一切

but I

非凡重要的話我會壓抑恐懼

if the

但不能說我毫無畏懼， 我對恐懼的感覺很強烈

if what we're doing isn't

我認為大家傾向加重風險來自於個人因素

if what I'm doing I think is important enough then I just override the fear

要還貸款和養小孩是一檔事

so, but it's not as though I don't fear, I feel fear like more stronger than I would like.

如果你因為這些因素無法專心工作

I think also people tend to overweight risk on a personal level

那你要怎麼還貸款和養小孩呢

it's one thing if you've got you know a mortgage to pay and kids to support

好吧，我可以理解這些因素

and that if you were to deviate from your job

但假設你還年輕才剛踏入社會

than well, how are you going to feed your family and pay the rent?

或是剛從高中畢業等

Okay, that's understandable

你有什麼理由談風險

but let's say you're young and you're just coming out of college

你知道你至少不會餓死

or coming out of high school or whatever

說真的在各種經濟體系下

What do you- What do you risk?

賺錢去養活自己並不是那麼難

You know you're not gonna starve, I mean...

我不清處其他人害怕的點是什麼

It's really, certainly not in any kind of modern economy

或許他們是害怕失敗吧

It's so easy to earn enough money just to live somewhere and eat food.

既然都沒有這麼多風險了 那人們更應該勇於嘗試

I don't know what other people- what they are afraid of

教育對你的理解是什麼

they are mostly afraid of failure I think.

基本上就是下載資訊並透過你的大腦去演算

People should be less risk-averse when there's not much at risk.

00:04:42,300 --> 00:04:46,800 這個比喻其實對制式化教育是很嚴重的

What is education like?

不應該只是大量吸收資訊

you're basically downloading data and algorithms into your brain

而是能充分並有興趣的理解學習過程

and

一直以來我都有輕微的自我意識危機

it's it's actually amazingly bad in conventional education

因為我不斷地去探討活著的意義

It's like it shouldn't be like this huge chore

像是為什麼有些事存在， 它的用意是什麼

like the more you can gamify the process of learning the better.

然後我的定論是既然我們的科技可以突飛猛進

I always had sort of a slight existential crisis

那我們也可以擴展我們對自我意識的框架

because I was trying to figure out what does it all mean?

所以我們能問更好的問題

like what's the purpose of things?

並且能脫離偏見

and I came to the conclusion that if we can advance the the knowledge of the world

是我們進步的唯一方向

if we can do things that expand the scope and and scale of consciousness

是什麼給你動力?

Then we're better able to ask the right questions

你早上醒來想到的第一件事是什麼?

and become more enlightened

當你發現一個問題，你會如何解決?

and that's really the only way forward.

驅使我的動力是我希望能夠思考未來

What drives you?

並且感覺良好

what what is it that when you wake up in the morning

所以，我們正在盡我們所能

do you see a problem and you want to solve it?

去擁有更好未來

The thing that drives me is that I want to be able to think about the future

從可能發生的事情中獲得靈感

and feel good about that

並期待明天的到來。

so that, you know we're doing what we can to

所以給我動力的理由

have the future be, be as good as possible

正是試圖弄清楚我們如何確保事情能發展更好

to be inspired by what is likely to happen

我會堅持下去

and to look forward to the next day.

這正是特斯拉和太空X背後唯一的準則

So that's that's what really really drives me

我認為這非常重要就是

is trying to figure out how do we, how do we make sure that things are great?

我們加速永續性能源世代的到來

I'm gonna be so and

和減少能源消耗

that's the unlined principle behind Tesla and SpaceX

這是不可避免的，但是這遲早發生

is that, I think it's pretty important

還有太空X的目標就是使生命多行星化

that we accelerate the transition to sustainable generation

並儘我們所能來延續阿波羅的夢想

and consumption of energy.

並最終為生命做出貢獻， 達成生命多行星化的目標。

It's inevitable, but it's- it matters if, if it happens sooner or later

讓我們再談談這個問題

And then SpaceX is about helping make life multi-planetary

我想每個人都非常感興趣 當你說生命多行星

and doing what we can to continue the dream of Apollo

是啊

and ultimately make contribution to life becoming multi-planetary.

很令人興奮

Let's talk a little more about that

這真的很令人興奮

I think everyone is very interested that when you say making life multi-planetary

那你的願景是什麼？

yeah

你知道，我想 特別是對美國人

that's exciting

你知道，就像你想的那樣 美國是一個充滿探險家的地方。

it is exciting

人們從世界各地來到這裡

So what's your vision there?

選擇放棄已知的事以支持未知的事。

You know, I think particularly for Americans

所以我認為美國所做出的探險 昇華了人類的探索精神

you know, like if you think about it America is a nation of explorers.

00:07:53,600 --> 00:07:56,400 所以這就是它吸引美國人這麼多的原因

People came here from other parts of the world

你知道

that you know chose to give up the known in favor of the unknown.

你看

So I think exploration like the United States is a distillation of the human spirit of exploration

有一次太空船的悲劇釀成了七個人死亡

and

對這太可怕但， 你知道嗎很多人一直在面臨死亡

So that's why it appeals to Americans so much

但為什麼我們會這麼關心呢？

you know

因為和那些人一同死去是探索的夢想

you can see this when

這就是為什麼。

there was a shuttle tragedy and seven people died

我當時認為特斯拉和太空X一開始不會成功

and that's that's terrible but, you know a lot of people die all the time

你真的這麼以為？

but why do we care so much?

對阿當然

because it was the dream of exploration that was dying along with those people

真的？

that's why.

當然

I mean I thought both Tesla and SpaceX would fail at the beginning

然而，你投入了所有的錢

You thought?

我期盼會失去它，好吧 從技術上講，我的想法是

Yeah, sure

我會從PayPal拿一半錢， 所以如果我失去了一半，那沒關係

really?

但當然公司會遇到困難

of course

然後，我的選擇是要嘛就放棄公司

nevertheless you put all your money in them

要嘛把所有的錢投資公司

I expected to lose it, and well technically what I thought was

所以

well I'll take half the money from PayPal and if I lose half of it that's okay

我真的不想放棄公司 所以我把所有的錢都投入在裡面了

but then of course the companies encounter difficulties

00:08:57,324 --> 00:09:00,524 然後當時的我得跟朋友借錢才能討飯吃

and then, I have a choice of either like let the company die

00:09:01,800 --> 00:09:06,400 你知道，就只是尋找能證明擁有特殊能力

or put you know all the money into the companies

而且如果有非凡成就的記錄的話

and so

那很可能將繼續向未來發展。

I really don't want the companies to die so I put all the money in the companies

這一切都跟賭注的大小有關

yeah

如果賭注很高，如果它真的很重要

and then I had to borrow money form friends to pay living expenses

那麼我們應該克服恐懼， 無論如何都要堅持下去

yes

基本上

you know just looking just for evidence of exceptional ability

我的意思是

and if there's a track record of exceptional achievement

我能抑制恐懼，但我感到害怕

then it's likely that that will continue into the future.

這點很煩，我希望我

Well, it really depends on the stakes

我希望我感覺更少的恐懼

if the stakes are high, if it's really important

then one should, then I, you know overcome the fear and just do it anyway

I essentially

I mean I just

drive overrides fear, but I feel the fear

It's kind of annoying, I wish I didn't

I wish I felt it less.