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  • Physicists used to think that the universe had existed forever, unchangingly, because

    物理學家曾認為宇宙自很久以前就 存在了,而且是永恆不變的。這是通過

  • that's what their observations of the night sky suggested. Needless to say, this view

    他們所觀察到的夜空得到 的結論。這可觀點可想而知

  • clashed with the "origin" or "creation" stories of most major religions, which hold that the

    跟許多宗教“開始”或“創立”的 觀點相矛盾。教徒相信

  • universe had a beginning.

    宇宙有一個開端。

  • So it's not surprising that it was a Catholic priest, Georges Lemaître, who was one of

    因此,天主教神父喬治·勒梅特 是提出這個全新科學觀點——

  • the first major proponents of a new scientific viewpoint - that the universe DID have a beginning.

    宇宙有個開端,的主要人物之一 應該不是一件很令人震驚的事。

  • Lemaître, of course, was also an excellent mathematician and scientist and based this

    勒梅特也當然是一個很聰明 的數學家和科學家,同時這個觀點

  • conviction not (just) on his religious beliefs but upon new experimental evidence from Edwin

    不僅是以他的宗教信仰為基礎的, 同時也是依靠埃德溫·哈勃的新的實驗證據,

  • Hubble that showed the universe was expanding. This evidence, combined with the mathematics

    告訴了人們宇宙是在膨脹的。 這個證據,加上廣義相對論的

  • of general relativity allowed Lemaître to "rewind" cosmic history and calculate that

    數學,允許了勒梅特 “重播”宇宙的歷史同時推算出

  • the farther back in time you go, the smaller the universe had to be. The natural conclusion

    越是回到宇宙的過去,宇宙的 大小就得越小。這個自然的結論

  • is that everything we can currently see in the universe was at one point in time more

    就是我們所看得到的一切 很久之間大概就是在宇宙中

  • or less at one point in space. Lemaître called this idea the "primeval atom", but of course

    的一個點。勒梅特將 這個點叫做了“原始的原子”,

  • today we know it as "the big bang theory".

    但今天我們把此叫做“宇宙大爆炸”。

  • Except "big bang" is a horrible name - it would be much more accurate to call it "the

    但是“大爆炸”是一個很不好的名字—— 叫它“處處伸展”會更合適些。

  • everywhere stretch". Because one of the most common misconceptions about the big bang is

    因為有關大爆炸的最大的誤解是

  • that it implies that the entire universe was compressed into a single point from which

    這個隱含了整個宇宙在很久 以前是被壓縮成一個點,從那

  • it then somehow expanded into the surrounding... nothingness? It is true that the observable

    以後就開始膨脹進入周圍的... 沒東西的東西?是真的,我們觀測到的

  • universe, that is, the part of the whole universe we can see from earth, WAS indeed shrunk down

    宇宙,也就是說,從地球上能看到 的整個宇宙,的確被壓縮到了

  • to a very very small bit of space, but that bit of space was NOT a single point, nor was

    一片很小很小的空間中,但那個 空間不是一個單一的點,也不是說

  • the rest of the Universe also in that same bit of space.

    宇宙的所有都被壓縮到一個點中間了。

  • The explanation for this is the magical power of infinity. The whole universe is really

    能解釋這個的只有神奇的 無窮大。整個宇宙真的很

  • big - current data show it's at least 20 times bigger than the observable universe, but that's

    大:現存的證據說至少 是觀測到的宇宙的20倍,但這

  • just a lower bound - it might be infinite. And if you have an infinite amount of space,

    只是一個底線——有可能宇宙無窮大。 那麼如果你有無窮多的空間,

  • you can scale space down, shrink everything to minuscule proportions, and still have an

    你可以將空間縮小,將一切縮小 成微不足道的東西,但仍然有

  • infinite amount of space. Kind of like how you can zoom out as much as you want from

    無窮多的空間。有點像 你可以將一個數軸

  • a number line, but it'll still be an infinite number line.

    縮小,但仍然有一個無窮的數軸。

  • Essentially, space doesn't need anywhere to expand "into" because it can expand into itself

    類似的,宇宙不用任何可以 “延展入”的空間,因為它可以延展進入自己,

  • and still have plenty of room. In fact, this is possible even if space turns out not to

    同時仍然有許多空間。其實, 如果宇宙不是無窮大的這也有

  • be infinite in size, though the reasons are complicated and have to do with the infinite

    可能,但這裡的理由很 復雜,跟有關無限可微

  • differentiability of the metric of spacetime...

    的時空度量有關...

  • But anyway, the event unfortunately known as the big bang was basically a time, long

    但是回到正題,這個不幸被 叫做宇宙大爆炸的東西其實是

  • ago, when space was much more squeezed together, and the observable universe, that is, everything

    在很久以前的一刻,宇宙比現在更擁擠, 同時可觀測宇宙(地球上

  • that we see from earth, was crammed into a very very small piece of space. Because the

    可看到的宇宙)在這種是 一片很小很小的空間。因為

  • ENTIRE early universe was dense and hot everywhere, spacetime was curved everywhere and this curvature

    整個宇宙處處都很炎熱且稠密, 時空曲率高,這卷著的時空

  • manifested itself as a rapid expansion of space throughout the universe. And although

    通過了宇宙快速的膨脹 表現了出來。同時雖然

  • people call this "the big bang", it wasn't just big, it was everywhere. And it wasn't

    人們叫它“大爆炸”,它不僅僅 大,它處處存在。這也不是

  • really an explosion - it was space stretching out. It's really quite unfortunate that "the

    真的一個爆炸——這是 宇宙在延伸。真的非常不幸“處處

  • Everywhere Stretch" isn't nearly as catchy as "the Big Bang".

    伸展”沒有“大爆炸”好聽。

  • Which brings us to the "big bang singularity", which is an even horribler name because every

    這帶領我們到了跟槽糕的名稱: “大爆炸奇點”。這裡每個詞都是

  • single word is misleading. I mean, "singularity" seems to imply something that happened at

    具有誤導性的。我的意思是,“奇點” 好像在暗示一個東西在一點上

  • a single point. Which isn't at all what it's referring to - it SHOULD be called "the part

    發生了。其實這壓根不是 這指代的東西。它應該被叫做“處處

  • of the Everywhere Stretch where we don't know what we're talking about." Basically, our

    延伸中我們不知道我們在說 什麼的東西。”其實就是說,我們

  • current physical models for the universe are unable to properly explain and predict what

    現存的有關宇宙物理模型都 無法准確的說明或預測

  • was happening at the very very beginning when the universe was super SUPER scaled down.

    到宇宙最最開始的時候 (當宇宙縮得很小的時候)發生的事。

  • But rather than call it the "time when we don't have a clue what was happening, ANYWHERE",

    但是而非將它叫做“我們不知道 任何地方發生了什麼是的時候”,

  • for some reason we call it a "singularity".

    不知道為什麼我們會稱它為“奇點”。

  • This ignorance, however, does conveniently answer the question What happened BEFORE the

    雖然如此,這個無理的名字很好 的回答出了“‘大爆炸’前

  • big bang? Because it tells us the question isn't well defined - back when space was so

    發生了什麼?”因為它告訴了 我們這個問題並沒有明確的定義:當宇宙

  • incredibly compressed and everything was ridiculously hot and dense, our mathematical models of

    壓縮到令人難以置信的程度,同時一些 都很炎熱稠密,我麼的宇宙數學模型

  • the universe break down SO MUCH that "time" doesn't even make sense. It's kind of like

    嚴重瓦解,連“時間” 都沒有意義了。有點像

  • how at the north pole, the concept of "north" breaks down - I mean, what's north of the

    在北極,“北”的定義就被瓦解了: 我的意思是,北極的北方是

  • north pole? The only thing you can say is that everywhere on earth is south of the north

    什麼?你只能說地球上任何的 另一處在北極的南方。

  • pole, or similarly everywhen in the universe is after... the beginning.

    類似的,在宇宙中的任意 時刻是在...開始的之後。

  • But once time began, whenever that was, space expanded incredibly quickly all throughout

    但是一旦時間開始了,不知道那是什麼時候, 宇宙以飛快的速度膨脹入了

  • the universe - for a little while. Then expansion slowed, the universe cooled, stuff happened,

    整個宇宙:但只持續了一會兒。然後 膨脹速率減小了,宇宙冷卻了,發生了一些事,

  • and after a few billion years, here we are.

    後過了幾十億年,我們就在這了。

  • One thing we still DON'T know is why this Everywhere Stretching happened - that is,

    一件我們仍然不知道的事是為什麼 “處處延展”發生了——就是說,

  • why did the universe start off in such a funny, compressed state, and why did it follow the

    為什麼宇宙會從一個如此可笑、 壓縮的狀態開始,同時為什麼它會遵守

  • seemingly arbitrary laws of physics that have governed its expansion and development ever

    看似隨意的物理定理, 這些物理定理也從此領導了宇宙的

  • since?

    膨脹和發展?

  • For Georges Lemaître, this might be where God finally comes into the picture to explain

    對於勒梅特,這裡就應該是 上帝入場的地方了。對於他來說,上帝可以解釋

  • the things science can't. Except that experimental evidence doesn't actually rule out the possibility

    這些科學解釋不了的東西。 但是實驗證據並沒有排除在大爆炸前

  • that there may indeed be a time "before" the beginning, a previous age of the universe

    宇宙的存在的可能性,一個之前的自我

  • that ended when space collapsed in on itself, getting quite compressed and dense and hot,

    壓縮了的宇宙,變得比較 稠密和炎熱,

  • but not enough to mangle up our ideas of what time is. It would have then bounced back out,

    但不至於說撕裂我們對於 時間的想法。它讓後有重新膨脹,

  • stretching in a fashion similar to what we call the big bang, but without the "we don't

    用我們叫做宇宙大爆炸的方式 膨脹,但是不存在這個“我們不

  • know what we're talking about" singularity part. So, physics may actually be nudging

    知道我們在說什麼”的地方。 這麼看來,物理可能在輕輕的

  • us back to the view that the Universe is eternal and didn't begin after all. In which case

    將我們推回宇宙是永恆的, 同時宇宙沒有開端的觀點。

  • Professor Lemaître might have to rethink his interpretation of the words "in the beginning."

    如果真是如此,勒梅特教授或許 要重想一下他“在開始”三字的含義了。

Physicists used to think that the universe had existed forever, unchangingly, because

物理學家曾認為宇宙自很久以前就 存在了,而且是永恆不變的。這是通過

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