Name: 創造雙語思維｜納雅-費爾揚-拉米雷斯｜TEDxLjubljana (Creating bilingual minds | Naja Ferjan Ramirez | TEDxLjubljana)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T08:15:11.000Z
Duration: 17 min 3 s
Description: 【看影片學英語】數萬部 YouTube 影片，搭配英漢字典即點即查，輕鬆掌握單字發音與用法，長久累積看電影不必再看字幕。

Translator: Tiki Li Reviewer: Queenie Lee

情態助動詞 A2

Most of you can. We are in Europe after all.

How many of you would say that you are completely fluent in two languages

so that you could take a job or dream in either one of them?

I think we can all agree that being fluent in two languages is a good thing.

It creates additional job prospects.  It allows us to talk to more people.

It also has been linked to several cognitive and social advantages,

and it delays the onset of Alzheimer's disease.

So, why are we not all fluent bilinguals?

Those of us who studied foreign languages in school

probably remember how hard it was and how much we struggled.

I'm certainly speaking from experience here.

I started learning English when I was about ten years old,

And about nine years later, when I went to study in the United States,

I thought my English was pretty good, I was able to do my homework just fine,

but I also remember eating dinner with my college friends

and not being able to follow their conversations,

and only understanding about half of what the guy was telling me.

Now, I'm sure many of you have your own stories about foreign language learning,

but there's one thing that most of these stories have in common:

and it seems that no matter how hard we try,

when we have been using our foreign language for years,

What I'll tell you today is that the human brain is fully capable

of achieving native fluency in two languages at the same time,

and that we don't necessarily have to struggle to get there.

So what is it that we have to do to create bilingual minds?

I think a very promising start is to study the brains

of those who are really really good  at language learning.

babies learn their native languages naturally and spontaneously

without anybody actually teaching them how to do this,

who have a chance to listen to and interact in two languages learn both,

and they can become native speakers of both.

So, why and how are babies so good at language learning?

the University of Washington's Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences -

And I study the brain processing of language

in babies between zero and three years of age.

who are learning two languages at the same time, bilingual babies.

The approach that we take to study the baby brain

But it's important to understand this machine is actually completely safe,

non-invasive, and completely silent, so pretty baby friendly.

We use Magnetoencephalography to study the baby brains,

and the MEG machine that we have at our institute

is actually one of the few in the world that's configured specifically for babies.

We also have a team of trained research assistants

whose job is to keep the babies  happy and entertained

One question that we recently studied with MEG was:

What goes on in the brains of those babies who grow up in households

where two languages are spoken at the same time, by native speakers?

If we look at these babies brains before the baby's even begin to talk,

are they different from those of babies  who listen to a single language?

Half of them were from bilingual families

where one parent was a native speaker of Spanish

and the other one was a native speaker of English.

The other half of the babies were from families

where both parents were native English speakers,

so English was the only language spoken in the household.

we use those special digitizing pen and a hat.

And what this procedure allows us to do is to track the shape of the baby's head

so that we can then continuously monitor the babies' motions

We then brought the babies into the MEG room,

the head goes right into the MEG helmet, and the parents sit right next to them

the babies typically listen to the sounds of language -

in this case, the sounds came from Spanish and English -

so let's take a listen to see what that sounded like.

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創造雙語思維｜納雅-費爾揚-拉米雷斯｜TEDxLjubljana (Creating bilingual minds | Naja Ferjan Ramirez | TEDxLjubljana)

specific

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