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  • Topic: Ear.

  • How do ears help with balancing?

  • They really do.

  • You don't believe me.

  • Ok.

  • Can you play a guitar and walk at the same time?

  • How do you think you are able to maintain your balance?

  • Do you know why you can't balance yourself anymore?

  • Wait, I will tell you.

  • This happens because there is a connection between our ears and body balance.

  • Our ear consists of 3 parts, outer ear, middle ear and inner ear.

  • Our inner ear works in sync with our eyes and muscles, helping us maintain balance.

  • While we are doing various activities.

  • The inner ear consists of three semicircular canals called superior semicircular canal.

  • Posterior semicircular canal and lateral semicircular canal.

  • The three semicircular canals are arranged in three different positions.

  • Each of these canals has a fluid called endolymph and hair cells called cilia at the base.

  • Whenever we move our head, the fluid moves.

  • Resulting in the movement of the cilia as well.

  • When the cilia moves, it sends signals to the brain informing which direction our head has just moved in.

  • Each canal has different functions as per the movement of our head.

  • When we move our head up and down, the superior semicircular canal helps our brain to understand the yes motion.

  • When we tilt our head towards our shoulders.

  • The posterior semicircular canal helps our brain to understand the tilting motion.

  • When we move our head from side to side, the lateral semicircular canal helps our brain to understand the no motion.

  • It was too complicated, right?

  • Ok, don't worry about it.

  • Relax.

  • Why don't you go on a merry go round ride?

  • Hey.

  • Why were you not able to maintain your balance?

  • This is because when you sat in the merry go round and started rotating.

  • The fluid in the semicircular canals also started to move.

  • After a while, it was moving at the same rate at which you were moving.

  • However, when the ride stopped and you got down from the ride, the fluid was still in motion due to inertia.

  • Hence, even though you were not moving, the moving fluid gave your brain a false information telling that you are still in motion.

  • Thus, you were not able to maintain your balance.

  • Topic: Eyes

  • Why do we have two eyes instead of one?

  • You don't know?

  • Ok.

  • To understand this better, close your right eye.

  • Now, are you able to see the table kept on your right side?

  • You are not able to see it, right?

  • Ok.

  • Let me tell you why.

  • Both our eyes work together and help us to see, judge and perceive a view accurately.

  • Having two eyes provides us with a wider field of view.

  • When both our eyes are open, we get a horizontal field of view of about 180 degrees.

  • However, with only one eye open, we get a horizontal field of view of only around 150 degrees.

  • We are unable to view around 20 to 30 degrees.

  • Hence, we were not able to see the table when our one eye was closed.

  • Hey.

  • Did you know that our eyes see the same object from a slightly different angle?

  • You don't believe me?

  • Alright.

  • Look at this object.

  • Both your eyes see the object like this.

  • Now, when you see only with your left eye, the object will look like this.

  • While, when you see only with your right eye, the object will look like this.

  • Our eyes send these two slightly different images to the brain.

  • The brain blends or combines both the images to make a three dimensional image of the object.

  • Hey.

  • But what is the use of a three-dimensional image?

  • A three dimensional image helps us to understand how far or how near an object is from us.

  • Facilitating better depth or distance perception.

  • This means having two eyes enables us to judge the distance of the object or the depth at which the object is placed from us.

  • Topic: Osmosis.

  • Why is grass killed if salt is sprinkled on it?

  • Hey.

  • What are you doing?

  • Don't eat the grass.

  • Fine.

  • As always, ignore me.

  • See, I warned you earlier.

  • Hey, Wait.

  • You are making it worse.

  • Don't do that.

  • Look.

  • You spoiled it totally.

  • Alright.

  • Don't cry.

  • I will tell you why this happened.

  • This happened because of a concept called osmosis.

  • Osmosis is the diffusion or movement of water molecules from a region of higher concentration of water through a semi-permeable membrane to a region of lower concentration of water.

  • Do you think osmosis took place when we sprinkled salt on the grass?

  • You are right.

  • Normally, osmosis does not take place on a day to day basis because the grass tries to keep the concentration of water same inside and outside.

  • Its cells through the process of transpiration.

  • However, when we sprinkled salt on the grass.

  • The concentration of salt outside the grass increased and the concentration of water decreased.

  • As a result, the water present inside the plant started flowing outside due to osmosis.

  • Since most of the water flowed out, the grass drooped down and eventually, it died.

  • Topic: Photosynthesis and Transpiration.

  • Why is the upper surface of a leaf more green and shiny than the lower surface?

  • Yes.

  • It is.

  • You don't believe me.

  • Why don't you check it?

  • The upper surface of a leaf is more green and shiny.

  • While, the lower surface is comparatively less green and shiny.

  • See, I told you.

  • Do you know why?

  • Ok.

  • Let me tell you.

  • You must be aware that chlorophyll, which helps the plant to prepare food, is responsible for the green color of the leaves.

  • But why is the upper surface more green than the lower surface?

  • This is because the upper surface of a leaf is more exposed to the sun as compared to the lower surface.

  • Hence, to trap maximum sunlight, there is more chlorophyll on the upper surface as compared to the lower surface.

  • Hey.

  • You forgot.

  • You also wanted to know why is the upper surface of the leaf shinier, right?

  • It is due to the process called transpiration.

  • Transpiration is the loss of water from leaves, stems, etc. in the form of water vapor.

  • Now, to make sure that the plant does not lose a lot of water.

  • The leaves are covered with a shiny, waxy coating called a cuticle.

  • But being more exposed to the sun, the upper surface will tend to lose more water.

  • Therefore, the upper surface of the leaf is covered with a thicker cuticle as compared to the lower surface.

  • Hence, the upper surface of the leaf is shinier than the lower surface.

  • Topic: Respiration.

  • Why is it not good to sleep under a tree at night?

  • Hey.

  • You look so tired.

  • Why don't you take rest here?

  • No.

  • Please don't sleep under that tree.

  • It is quite harmful.

  • See, you are not able to breathe properly, right?

  • Do you know why?

  • Wait, I will tell you.

  • This is because during the day, in the presence of sunlight, plants take in carbon dioxide.

  • Release oxygen in the process of photosynthesis.

  • However, they even respire simultaneously.

  • In this process, plants take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide.

  • But the production of oxygen is more than the production of carbon dioxide.

  • Hence, if we sleep under a tree during daytime.

  • We may get a good amount of oxygen, thus giving us a nice sleep.

  • However, at night, plants do not perform photosynthesis due to the absence of sunlight.

  • But respiration still goes on.

  • Hence, as compared to oxygen, the proportion of carbon dioxide around the trees is more.

  • Thus, if we sleep under a tree at night, we may feel suffocated due to lack of oxygen.

  • Moreover, inhalation of excess carbon dioxide is harmful to human beings.

  • Therefore, it is not good to sleep under a tree at night.

  • Topic: Turgor Pressure.

  • Why does a touch me not plant close?

  • Hey.

  • Don't touch that plant.

  • You will get scared.

  • See, you did not listen to me.

  • Don't worry.

  • Nothing to be scared about.

  • Let me tell you more about this plant.

  • This plant is called the Mimosa Pudica plant.

  • Another name for it is 'Touch Me Not' Plant.

  • When anyone touches this plant, it closes its leaves with the help of pulvini.

  • Pulvini are present at the base of each leaflet.

  • They consist of cells filled with water.

  • This water applies pressure against the walls of the cells.

  • This pressure is called the turgor pressure.

  • It helps the leaflets to stand upright.

  • Now, when we touch a leaflet of the touch me not plant, specific parts of the plant release certain chemicals.

  • These chemicals cause the cells in the pulvini to lose water.

  • When water is lost, there is no more turgor pressure.

  • As a result, the cells collapse, resulting in the closing of leaflets.

  • Topic: Stomata.

  • Why do water lilies have stomata on the upper side of their leaves?

  • Don't immerse that plant completely in water.

  • You don't have knowledge about anything.

  • Water lily is an aquatic plant.

  • So, I am keeping it totally under water.

  • Yes, you are right.

  • It is an aquatic plant, but it is not an underwater plant.

  • Its leaves float on water.

  • Don't lie to me.

  • How can leaves float?

  • Fine.

  • Don't listen.

  • Look.

  • You spoiled it totally.

  • Alright.

  • Now don't cry.

  • To understand why this happened, you need to first learn about stomata.

  • On the lower side of the leaves, tiny pores called stomata are present.

  • They help the leaves to take in carbon dioxide from air, during the process of photosynthesis.

  • So, shall I place the plant upside down?

  • No.

  • We know that the leaves of water lilies float.

  • Hence, if the leaves of water lilies would have stomata on their lower side.

  • Then they would have been pressed against the water surface.

  • As a result, the stomata would not be able to take in carbon dioxide from air.

  • Thus, the leaves of water lilies have stomata on their upper side.

  • Where they easily get air and usually do not come in contact with water.

  • Topic: Respiration.

  • Why should we not overwater potted plants?

  • It's because the water will overflow and make the floor dirty.

  • No.

  • Leaves of a plant take in oxygen from the air present in the atmosphere.

  • While, the roots, being buried in the soil, take in oxygen from the air present in tiny spaces of the soil.

  • When we overwater a potted plant, the air in the tiny spaces gets replaced by water.

  • So, do the roots know how to swim in water?

  • Please listen.

  • As air gets replaced by water, the roots do not get sufficient oxygen to breathe and they begin to rot.

  • This may adversely affect the growth of the plant.

  • Thus, we should always try to supply adequate water to the potted plants and not overwater them.

  • Topic: Transpiration.

  • Why do cacti have spines?

  • Maybe they want to look like porcupines.

  • Very funny.

  • Spines help cacti to reduce transpiration.

  • Well.

  • I know all about vibration, but what's this new thing called transpiration?

  • Transpiration is the loss of water from ariel parts, like stems and leaves, in the form of water vapor.

  • These ariel parts contain stomata which allow water vapor to escape into the atmosphere.

  • So, shall we tape the ariel parts so that the vapor won't escape?

  • Pay attention.

  • In deserts, where cactus usually grows, there is scarcity of water.

  • Also, due to high temperatures, the rate of transpiration is very high.

  • Thus, the leaves of a cactus have modified into spines.

  • Spines don't have stomata.

  • Thus, the rate of transpiration is reduced, helping the cactus to save water.

  • Topic: Nerves.

  • Why don't we feel pain when we cut our hair?

  • Because if it would, then we would have got angry on our hair dressers.

  • You are just impossible.

  • Wait.

  • I will explain it to you.

  • Inside our body, there is a network of nerves.

  • These nerves help us to sense our surroundings and feel pain, touch, etc. by sending messages to the brain.

  • So, do the nerves of my hair not know how to send a message?

  • No.

  • Generally, the part of our hair above the skin is made up of dead cells.

  • It does not have any nerves.

  • Hence, when we cut our hair, due to the absence of nerves, our brain does not receive any messages of pain.

  • As a result, we don't feel any pain.

Topic: Ear.

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B1 中級 美國腔

耳朵如何幫助平衡? 加上9個更多的視頻。#aumsum (How do ears help with balancing? plus 9 more videos.. #aumsum)

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    AumSum 發佈於 2021 年 01 月 14 日
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