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  • It's AumSum Time

  • Can you guess the title of my next video?

  • Hurry up.

  • Write your guess in the comments section below.

  • Why is it hard to cure HIV/AIDS?

  • HIV or human immunodeficiency virus infects the cells of immune system.

  • Causing them to produce more copies of the virus and then eventually die.

  • When too many immune cells of your body die and our immune system is unable to fight off diseases.

  • Then we are said to have AIDS or Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

  • Now, coming back to the question.

  • It is hard to cure HIV or AIDS because HIV has the ability to mutate extremely quickly.

  • Hence, a drug which is somewhat effective on a patient suffering from HIV or AIDS.

  • Might not work on another patient because of the mutated HIV.

  • Now, there are certain antiretroviral drugs that prevent the cells from producing new copies of HIV.

  • Thus controlling the HIV levels in our body.

  • But, it is hard to completely eradicate HIV because the virus integrates its DNA into our cell's DNA.

  • Hence, if we stop taking the drugs, the DNA of the virus can again cause the cell to produce copies of the virus.

  • Thus, we are unable to control the level of HIV infected cells in our body.

  • What happens if a plane is struck by lightning?

  • It will start glowing like a disco ball.

  • No.

  • Lightning is a massive flow of charge which carries thousands of volts of electric current.

  • Thus, it is extremely fatal for living beings and can damage anything that comes in its way.

  • Yes.

  • It is really terrifying.

  • Now many times, airplanes get caught in a heavy lightning storm.

  • However, airplanes are designed to handle the lightning strikes.

  • The outer skin of most planes is primarily made of aluminum.

  • Aluminum is a good conductor of electricity.

  • When lightning hits the airplane, the electric current travels through the outer skin of the plane.

  • It does not pass into the airplane.

  • Eventually, it exits off through another extremity, such as tail.

  • Thus, the airplane and the passengers within remain protected.

  • Topic: Oxidation.

  • Why do copper vessels turn green?

  • What a beautiful copper statue.

  • Have you made it?

  • Good job.

  • But why did you use copper to make the statue?

  • It will turn green after a while.

  • No.

  • It will not happen immediately.

  • It will take some time.

  • Look.

  • I had told you earlier.

  • Do you know why this happened?

  • This happened because of oxidation.

  • Do you know what oxidation is?

  • It is a process in which a substance gains oxygen.

  • When the copper statue was exposed to moisture and air for a long period of time, it started to get oxidized.

  • In the oxidation process, its color started changing to blackish brown and then eventually into green.

  • The green layer of color appeared because of a number of chemical reactions.

  • That took place when exposed to moisture and air.

  • This green layer formed is called patina.

  • No.

  • Don't worry.

  • Patina does not damage the statue.

  • Patina is just a layer on top of the metal.

  • It protects the copper beneath from further oxidation, thus keeping the properties of copper intact.

  • What causes heart attacks?

  • High electricity bills.

  • No.

  • A heart attack or myocardial infarction is the complete blockage of blood flow to a part of the heart.

  • Causing its muscle cells to die.

  • So sad.

  • A network of blood vessels called coronary arteries.

  • Continuously supply oxygenated blood to muscle cells of heart to keep them working properly.

  • However, due to bad lifestyle choices and stress.

  • Cholesterol and fats start building in these arteries, reducing blood flow to the muscle cells.

  • This buildup is called plaque.

  • Plaque is the main culprit behind most heart attacks.

  • So, shall we put plaque in jail?

  • Just listen.

  • When plaque ruptures, a blood clot forms around it causing the artery to get completely blocked.

  • The blood then cannot pass further to that part of the heart.

  • Thus, due to lack of oxygen, the muscle cells in that part die.

  • This condition is called a heart attack.

  • Why do we crave sugar?

  • Because sugar contains all the essential nutrients.

  • No.

  • Sugar is found in many food items like chocolates, cakes, ice-creams, etc.

  • They are really tempting.

  • Indeed.

  • But, when we eat such sugary foods, the sweet-sensing taste buds in our tongue send signals to the brain.

  • In the brain, these signals activate the reward system due to which neurotransmitters like dopamine are released.

  • Dopamine gives us pleasure and makes us feel good.

  • As it makes us feel good, we tend to eat more sweet-sugary foods to get the same feeling.

  • Thus, sugar acts like a drug, making us addictive and thus, causing cravings.

  • However, note that excess sugar is not good for mental as well as physical health.

  • Hence, we can use natural sweeteners like jaggery and honey which don't cause harm and satisfy our cravings.

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