Now the turret, of course, big difference between it

這一型戰車的砲塔和舊型戰車

and the earlier model to accommodate the larger gun,

當然南轅北轍，因為要容納更大的主砲

also meant you had a three man crew.

而且乘組員有三人

This is great, the TC could spend his time commanding the tank

這是件好事，因為車長能專心指揮

and not performing multiple duty.

不必處理雜務

Now initially T-35-85 turrets had about 75mm of armour on the front

T-35/85 的砲塔原先在正面有 75mm 厚的裝甲

and about 52 on the sides and rear.

兩邊和後面各 52mm

However, later models, by the end of 1944,

不過後來的車型，截至 1944 年底為止

you are starting to look at 90mm at the front

將正面裝甲厚度增加到 90mm

and 75 on the sides and rear.

兩側和背面則增加到 75mm

The Turret was of cast construction,

砲塔為鑄造成形

although the roof was a simple sheet of metal

但車頂只是一片鋼板

which got welded in place.

焊接而成

TC of course has his own cupola now.

車長現在當然有自己的指揮塔

It's a fixed cupola, the vision ports are fixed,

這是固定式指揮塔，觀測孔也固定

you can't rotate them around.

無法旋轉

However, he can rotate the roof with the hatch.

但車長可以讓車頂隨著艙蓋旋轉

So by lifting up the lever here, it's on rollers,

只要把拉桿提起來，底下是滾軸

it rotates fairly simply.

就能輕易旋轉

Now the hatch itself, after I lock this back into place.

現在講解艙蓋，我先鎖回去

Very simple, one piece, it's locked in place by a simple locking latch

非常簡單，是用結構簡單的鎖栓固定

and there is a torsion bar spring to help lift it open.

還有扭力棒彈簧能頂著艙蓋不掉下來

That's the outside, let's go in.

以上是外部構造，接下來我們進去

Now the Commander's seat, is not really the most comfortable

車長座位其實不算舒服

that I've ever been in,

這是我的親身經驗

it's actually a good incentive to fight with your head out.

作戰時頭伸出去還比較好

Now for reasons which elude me it seems the TC has a choice

雖然我不知道理由何在

of two different foot pedals.

但是車長可以選擇兩種腳踏板

The first one is below the gunner's seat.

第一個在砲手座位下方

In order to get to fold down,

如果要推下來

you have to lift up the gunner's seat to give it room

必須收起砲手的座位才能騰出空間

and then let the gunner's seat fold down.

然後把砲手的座位放回去

Now with this set of food pedals he's aiming pretty much

腳放在這個踏板上後，車長瞄準時

his legs in a forward direction,

雙腿的姿勢會往前傾

so he's quite comfortable.

所以其實很舒服

The downside though is that with his knees lower down,

缺點是膝蓋位置比較低

he's more of a risk of hitting the gunner in the back.

容易頂到砲手背部

The other set of foot rests,

另一組腳踏板

which is part of the gunner's seat itself,

就在砲手的座椅上

the advantage is now my knees have been lifted up not quite

優點是膝蓋位置較高

as intruding into the gunner's space.

不會老是頂到砲手

The downside though is that now my knees are angled over at forty degrees,

缺點是膝蓋必須彎曲超過 40 度

and so I'm fighting with my body twisted

整個身體姿勢扭曲

and it doesn't strike me as being particularly comfortable

長時間下來

for any length or duration.

非常不舒服

To see out, TC isn't doing too badly.

針對車長設計的觀測功能非常優異

He's got five of these individual vision points around here,

這裡共有五組觀測孔

which, if it looks like you're taking fire,

如果擔心中彈

you can actually pull down and it will protect the port.

可以拉下把手，保護觀測孔

To his front here he has a binocular or unity sight,

前方是望遠鏡

which is adjustable in elevation,

可調整俯仰角

and, in theory, traverse, although this one is a little bit stiff.

理論上還可橫向移動，不過有點卡著

He doesn't have any other controls.

沒有其他控制裝置

He's along for the ride.

只能跟著戰車前進

No TC's override, he's got some stowage facilities

車長不能接手駕駛，周圍有幾個存放設施

around him so it looks like a little bit sparse

所以看起來稀稀落落的

but otherwise his job is, quite simply, command the tank.

除此之外車長的工作非常單純，就是指揮戰車

Probably a nice relief for T-34 Commanders

這對 T-34 的車長來說真是一大福音

who used to have to do multiple duty

因為之前的車型

in earlier versions of the tank.

都要求車長必須身兼多職

Other than that, the only thing I can really say is that if I've got no gunner,

除此之外，我唯一能說的就是如果沒有砲手

I can stretch my legs out

就能好好伸展雙腿

and I can still control the turret and get her around.

而且仍然能控制砲塔和旋轉

Not really a three man crew because you've got no sight

真的不適合三名乘組員，因為視野不佳

but it's comfortable.

不過很舒服

The better way to control the gun, of course,

如果要控制主砲，更好的方法

is from the gunner's seat, so that's where I'll go next.

當然是到砲手的座位，所以我馬上過去

That was easy.

很簡單

So this is an example of elegance in operation:

這就是操作簡潔的絕佳典範

it's a crude tank but it can also be elegant.

這台戰車雖然簡陋，但設計巧妙

So you sit and here and you go

你就定位後可能會問

'Well, where is the control for the powered traverse'

「動力砲塔旋轉把手在哪裡？」

because, obviously you've got manual traverse,

因為很明顯的手動旋轉砲塔旋鈕在這裡

you have manual elevation.

還可以手動調整俯仰角

Where is powered traverse?

可是動力砲塔旋轉把手呢？

Because, ordinarily, there would be another set of controls.

一般戰車會有另一組控制裝置

Well, no, not in this -

但是這一型戰車沒有

they saved space.

為了節省空間

All you do is move the manual control to the top left,

只要把手動控制旋鈕轉到左上方

pull out the handle and now you're in a powered traverse mode.

拉出把手，就變成動力砲塔旋轉模式

It's not precise, but it's a lot faster than cranking.

雖然不夠精確，但是比手動旋轉快得多

So, if I try spinning to the right…

所以如果我轉到右邊...

POWER!

啟動！

Alright, so similarly, going back,

同理可證，轉回去時

again note how there's momentum in the turret,

你又可以發現即使把手回到原位

it continues to spin even after I go back to the zero position.

砲塔還是會繼續旋轉一點距離

So this is a case of traversing quickly to get roughly on target.

用途是讓砲塔迅速旋轉到目標的大概位置

More or less straight, then you go back to manual mode,

約略對到後就要回到手動模式

and that's how you conduct your final lay and service the target that way.

這就是攻擊目標的方式

And again, you saw how fast this thing spins, being a loader,

你也看到砲塔旋轉的速度非常快

holding that big 85mm shell, while the turret spins,

如果裝填手在砲塔旋轉時抱著 85mm 大型砲彈

unpredictably,

可能發生意外

because you don't control it, you want to pay attention.

因為砲塔不是你控制的，所以要格外小心

To engage the target the gunner is supposed to have a TSh-15 sight.

砲手攻擊目標時應該要有 TSh-15 觀測鏡

As you can see, it's somewhat missing.

各位也看到設備不見了

It did have an electric light bulb so you could have an illuminated reticle

這種觀測鏡內裝有燈泡，因此瞄準線會發亮

for firing at night

方便進行夜間戰鬥

and by January of 1945 it came with a heater to prevent it from fogging.

在 1945 年 1 月時還配備加熱器避免起霧

This primary toy is the S-53 85mm cannon.

主要武器就是 S-53 85mm 主砲

54.6 calibres in length and it has 56 rounds to play with.

54.6 倍徑，可裝 56 顆砲彈

Maximum service range: 5,200 metres.

最大作戰範圍：5,200 公尺

The gun has two ways of firing, electrical or manual.

主砲發射方式分為電動和手動兩種

The electrical trigger is located on the elevation handle.

電動板機位於俯仰角把手上

The manual trigger is located next to the solenoid here.

手動板機在電磁閥旁邊

It would be a string that you pull and it would release the firing pin.

拉繩子就能鬆開撞針

Just behind the solenoid and manual firing trigger is an elevation quadrant.

電磁閥和手動板機後方是仰角儀

You can use this to engage targets at night

可用於夜間攻擊目標

if you are firing from a range card for example,

例如要利用射界圖進行射擊

so you can't actually see the target,

肉眼看不到目標

you know what the range is.

但是知道範圍的情況

Or alternatively perhaps, for indirect fire,

或可用於間接射擊

although without an azimuth indicator,

雖然沒有方位指示器

at least not a precise one,

即使有也不夠精確

I'm not entirely sure how that would be performed.

我不知道該怎麼做

There is a basic azimuth indicator on the left hand side.

左邊有基本的方位指示器

It's a simple pointer.

只有很簡單的指標

There is a graduated scale on the inside of the turret ring and

砲塔環內有刻度尺

that will give you an approximate way of telling

讓你大概知道

which way you are facing compared to the hull.

自己面對車體的哪個方位

To his front he has selectors for the main gun and the coaxial machine gun.

前方的選擇裝置讓你選擇主砲和同軸機槍

Curiously, you can have them both on or both off at the same time.

怪的是兩個開關都可以同時開和同時關

I'm not entirely sure that's how it's supposed to work,

我不確定這樣是否正常

so we'll have main on, and coax off.

現在是主砲開、同軸關

The coaxial is a 7.62mm DT

同軸機槍是 7.62mm DT 式

and he has over 1800 rounds of ammunition to play with in drums.

一個彈鼓內裝有 1800 發子彈

To his left he has a pistol port,

左邊是手槍口

there is another one on the other side of the turret.

砲塔對面還有一個

You unscrew it, bring it down,

螺絲轉開、蓋子放下來

you can then push out the port plug

就可以拔出槍口拴

and engage targets with what was usually a revolver.

朝目標射擊，通常是用左輪手槍

It was preferred by the tankers over the semi-auto apparently.

顯然戰車兵不喜歡半自動武器

And you just put it back in, lock into place, and off you go.

拴子塞回去、蓋子鎖好就可以了

Last thing on the right hand side.

最後一樣東西在右手邊

This is a recoil guard with a travelling position.

這是在可動位置的後座力保護板

So, the release latch would be here, unfortunately,

固定蓋應該在這裡

its locked into place, so I can't release it to demonstrate going up and down.

可惜現在鎖死了打不開，沒辦法展示如何上下運動

However, sufficed to say, it can theoretically be done.

不過理論上是可行的

Last thing to say for the gunner,

最後要補充的是

he doesn't have a foot rest of his own

砲手沒有自己的腳踏板

but because he is in control of when the turret traverses,

因為他要負責砲塔旋轉功能

it's probably less critical.

這樣可能還比較安全

That's the gunner's side.

這是砲手的位置

Loader next.

裝填手就在旁邊

Now, we're over on the loader's side

我們目前在裝填手的位置

and this is where things start getting a little bit nasty.

從這裡開始就比較慘了

For starters, of course, there is no turret baskets

首先當然沒有砲塔吊籃

so I'm standing on ammunition boxes which are on the hull floor,

我剛好站在彈藥箱上，底下就是車體地板

so I've got to be careful as I'm wandering around inside the tank.

所以我在戰車內移動時必須非常小心

I've seen the turret on this thing move under electrical power.

剛才我們看到電動砲塔旋轉功能

It is actually very fast,

其實速度非常快

which means you have a tripping and leg-cutting-off hazard for the loader.

也就是裝填手很可能絆倒或者腿被削掉

Now it is possible for the Loader to have a Loader's seat,

雖然加上裝填手的座位並非不可行

however, I've never ever seen a loader sit in a loader's seat

但我從來沒看過裝填手在裝彈時

when performing the loading operation.

會好好坐下的

It's usually more for road marches or long distance travelling.

只有在行軍或長途行駛期間才會坐下

So perhaps this is why it isn't in this particular tank,

這一型戰車可能就因為如此才廢掉裝填手座位

perhaps the loader just got sick of it being in the way.

也許裝填手覺得座位反而礙事

He has enough problems of his own to deal with.

他還不夠忙嗎？

As you can see, I'm…

觀眾也看得出來，我在…

Let me stand up and I can show you how little room I have to stand.

我先站直，這樣大家就知道空間有多小

So that shows you where the floor is,

讓觀眾知道地板在哪裡

and what kind of angle my legs are on right now.

我的腿又要彎成什麼角度

So, yes, I know I'm taller than most people,

我知道自己是高個子

a foot isn't a difference though,

但是矮 30 公分也沒用

it takes more than a foot and a difference to do this.

必須超過 30 公分才能勝任

You would have to be particularly short to work on this.

所以裝填手的個子必須特別矮

The Ammunition, as you can see, is not particularly short.

各位看得到砲彈並沒有特別短

85mm of course, much stronger than the earlier one.

85mm 當然比之前的砲彈破壞力更強

So once I insert the round in,

砲彈放進去後

it's not going to go in all the way because the breech has been welded up.

沒辦法推到底，因為尾栓焊死了

But you can see how the back of the round rests on this spring-loaded deflector.

但是可以看出砲彈尾端如何靠在內有彈簧的偏向板

It's is actually a relatively neat little thing here.

這個設計其實很巧妙

What it will do is it will take some of the weight off of the long round

能夠分攤大型砲彈的部分重量

and make it easier for the loader with his left hand,

方便裝填手以左手

his weak hand usually, to throw the round in

把砲彈塞進去，因為左手力氣通常比較小

without also having to support its weight.

省下支撐砲彈重量的力氣

Of course it springs up out of the way

當然偏向板會跳到旁邊

to let the empty shell casing fall to the floor,

讓空彈莢掉到地上

where the loader can then trip over it.

可能絆倒裝填手

The loader does have another periscope of his own.

裝填手還有一個潛望鏡

It's of course adjustable in elevation and rotation.

當然可以調整俯仰和旋轉角度

Forward of that is a dome light on the turret roof

前面是砲塔天花板的圓頂燈

mounted over the machine gun -

就裝在機槍外側

which I have to say is rather convenient -

非常方便

if he wants to change ammo belts in the dark.

在黑暗中更換彈帶

The loader has sixteen rounds of ready ammunition available to him.

裝填手可立即使用的砲彈共有 16 發

Four are on the turret wall behind him,

4 發在他後面的砲塔牆壁上

and the other twelve are located in the bustle.

其他 12 發掛在裙架上

The rest of the sixty rounds of 85mm, in the hull.

剩下的 60 發 85mm 砲彈放在車體內

Now unlike an American Tank which have removable panels

美軍戰車有可拆卸式面板

which basically make a false floor,

就像地板一樣

the T-34-85's ammunition boxes are stowed in the open,

T-35/85 的彈藥箱則是沒有保護

giving an uneven footing for the loader

所以裝填手在車內走動時

as he's attempting to navigate his way around inside.

沒有平坦的立足點

So the astute of you will realise this segment is filmed

細心的觀眾會發現這段影片

in a different tank on a different day.

無論拍攝時間還是戰車都不一樣

We had a small incident involving a memory card and the turret monster.

這是因為那天記憶卡和砲塔出問題

However, this is the bow gunner's position on the T-34,

不過這是 T-34 的砲手位置

and I have to say this is rather miserable,

設計真的很差

not because it's uncomfortable,

倒不是因為坐起來不舒服

which is my normal complaint about such things,

即使我最常對此抱怨

in fairness, the seat is actually very nice,

持平而論，座位非常舒適

and you can see my leg is actually absolutely straight.

你也看得到我的腿可以伸直

I can put both legs absolutely straight into the bow of the tank.

兩條腿都可以打直伸到戰車前端

No, what really concerns me more is the fact that he can't see a damn thing.

我不滿意的是什麼都看不到

Your only view of the outside world, except maybe the driver's hatch,

除了駕駛艙蓋以外，唯一能看到外面的地方

is from this small little hole through

就是 DT 機槍射擊

which you shoot your DT machine gun.

用的小洞

Outside of that, you can imagine the noise of battle

你可以想像得到外面砲聲隆隆

and you have no idea what's coming at you.

可是你卻完全不知道威脅是什麼

You just have this small little hole.

只有這個小洞

Oh, by the way, what happens when you get hit?

還有，中彈時該怎麼辦？

Well, there is actually, at my feet a very small escape hatch.

其實我的腳邊有很小的逃生艙蓋

Very small. Still, slightly bigger than the Matilda's I guess.

非常小不過好像比 Matilda 戰車的大一點

For his machine gun he's got 22 drums scattered around

機槍的彈鼓共有 22 個，分散在四周

in double depth here,

這裡有雙排

single here and then there is a vertical row

這裡一排，那裏有一整排

and of course you got one on the gun itself.

當然機槍本身還有一個

Held in place by a very simple travel lock,

以簡單的行軍鎖固定