chandelier hanging right over the middle of the orchestra section. So on May 20th, 1896,

交響樂樂池正上方有個吊燈。在 1896 年 5 月 20 日

during a performance a counterweight to this giant chandelier fell right through the ceiling and killed a concierge during a performance on

的一場表演中，吊燈的平衡桿從天花板上掉落，

on her first day work. Yeah.

砸死一個第一天上班的守門人，對。

Some odd years later a journalist turned novelist named Gaston Leroux took this incident and went "Hey, what if there was some nefarious

吊燈事件幾年過後一位叫加斯頓勒胡的記者轉職當小說家，注意到這個事件，開始遐想：

being behind this whole chandelier thing. What if it wasn't a counterweight? What if it was the entire chandelier that fell?

「這個吊燈事件會不會是幕後有個邪惡之徒？掉下來的有沒有可能不是平衡桿，而是整個吊燈？

What would motivate such a nefarious being. I'm gonna do all this research and write this ballin' mystery novel and it's gonna be great!

為什麼那個惡徒要這樣做？我要來好好研究，以此為依據寫個酷炫神祕的故事，感覺會很棒！

It's gonna be a classic of modern literature and it..."

這個故事一定會成為現代文學的經典！而且...」

was not at all. It's not. It's not great literature; but! it certainly merits discussion.

其實並沒有變成經典，這本小說沒有寫得很好，但還是值得討論。

'Phantom of the Opera' is no 'Les Miserables'. It was not a sensation in its day and yet it has spawned countless

《歌劇魅影》小說的水平無法比擬《悲慘世界》，所以當時沒有造成轟動，

movies, musicals, comic books, children's books, TV shows, ice-capades,

不過後來被重新改編成無數個電影、音樂劇、漫畫、童書、電視節目、甚至花式滑冰表演等，

re-imaginings including but not limited to 'Phantom of the Megaplex',

例如《電影院驚魂記》、

'Phantom of the Ritz', 'The Phantom of Hollywood', 'Phantom of the Mall', 'Phantom of the Paradise', Phantom on Ice'!

《里茲劇院魅影》、《好萊塢魅影》、《商場魅影》、《天堂幻象》、滑冰表演，還有很多。

Stage versions that are not the Andrew Lloyd-Webber version, dozens of novel spin-offs, children's books, graphic novels...

此外也有安德魯洛伊韋伯版本以外的舞台劇、數十本同人小說、童書、圖像小說。

For such a nothing little book

《歌劇魅影》小說雖然水平不高，

it's had a lot of adaptations.

卻被改編成這麼多作品，

But the character of the Phantom varies a lot from really, genuinely engaging

不論是非常有趣、或是超級浪費腦力的無聊作品，魅影個性也有天壤之別，

to the most boring thing that's ever dried your brain to a fine powder. He's evil. He's sympathetic.

他可能很邪惡、引人同情、

He's the villain. He's the antihero. Sometimes he's even the hero and

是反派角色、反英雄，有時候甚至是英雄。

owing to my long history of

而我因為入坑《歌劇魅影》很久了，

"Phantom fandom" I could probably do a twenty-six part Ken Burns-style epic on all of the many facets of this book and its

應該可以做肯伯恩斯風格的長影片，分成二十六個部分，詳細介紹小說的所有面向、

adaptations and who influenced what and what now, but, difficult as it is for me not to go on?

之後的改編作品，以及哪個作品是受誰的影響還有現在評價怎樣，不過這很困難，

or even tangents this episode is about the character of Erik,

甚至可能會離題。這一集是介紹艾瑞克 (魅影) 這個角色，

and I'm not going to lie and say a lot of my criticisms don't stem from a nerd rage standpoint -

我不會對你們撒謊說我的評論和觀點不會很無聊─

they totally do - but here we go; instead of a comprehensive

是真的不有趣，但我還是繼續介紹。我其實可以製作完整的介紹，

30 hour dissection, which I could totally do, we're going to keep it to two parts

分成三十個小時，但我決定不要，改成分兩部分─

Erik, The Phantom of the Opera before the musical

艾瑞克角色分析 ─ 韋伯版音樂劇以前與之後

and after.

的改編作品。

The original novel is...

《歌劇魅影》的原著小說

pulpy.

寫得不太好、很煽情。

It's told from Leroux's point of view as a man who's trying to piece together this mystery that happened thirty years after the fact and

那是以作者勒胡的角度敘述，他試著拼湊三十年前神秘吊燈事件發生後的蛛絲馬跡，

though you - the modern reader - know from cultural osmosis that, yes,

雖然現在的讀者看過韋伯音樂劇，知道故事裡會有個魅影，

there is a Phantom, the first half of this book is basically a mystery with a tonne of red herrings that are actually pretty tedious

但就故事敘述而言，原著上半部內容神秘卻很乏味，

from a storytelling standpoint.

不斷轉移讀者注意力。

Who could the Phantom be?

魅影會是誰呢？

Is it the stagehand? Is it the rat catcher?

是舞台管理員嗎？還是捕鼠人？

Is it this Persian fellow who's sneaking about all the time? And about halfway through the book we find out that yes,

還是那個整天鬼鬼祟祟的波斯人？不過小說看到一半我們就會知道

there is indeed a dude who calls himself the Opera Ghost and that it's his basically full-time job.

確實有這麼一個人自稱劇院之鬼，甚至把它當成全職工作，這並不誇張，

Literally, he even extorts the opera managers to the tune of about 20,000 francs a month.

因為他每個月還會要求歌劇院經理給他兩萬法郎薪水。

Mr. Phantom goes by the name of Erik;

魅影的名字是艾瑞克，

no surname. He's like Madonna.

這是名字不是姓氏，跟「瑪丹娜」一樣。

Erik is described as having the ugliest face of any person who's ever lived.

根據小說的描述，魅影奇醜無比，

He basically looks like a death's head; sort of a living corpse. He compensates for this by being an amazing

他的臉看起來像骷髏頭和殭屍，但他的才華洋溢彌補了外表缺陷，

genius at everything he's a master musician. He's a ventriloquist. He can throw his voice. He's a genius architect.

魅影是個全才，精通所有事情，能用腹語發聲，更是個音樂大師、天才建築師、和暗殺高手，

He's a master assassin, and he has the most beautiful voice of any man who's ever lived. What can't he do? Well, turns out

而且擁有人世間最美妙的嗓音，那他還有什麼不會做的？

he's not so good to the ladies, and is a huge drama queen like "Oh my mama didn't love me,

可以發現他不太會跟女性相處，個性情緒化有王子病，他會這樣說話：「唉，我媽不愛我、

I sleep in a casket, I have a literal torture chamber in my house for some reason. Hey, young girl

我在棺材裡睡覺、因為某些原因我家有個極刑室。小女孩 (女主角克莉絲汀)，

I'm gonna kidnap you and force you to live in my lair until you fall in love with me; that seems reasonable."

我會綁架你、強迫你跟我在地下宮生活直到你愛上我，這感覺蠻合理的」。

'The Phantom of the Opera' is a 'Beauty and the Beast' tale, but it has more in common with the myth of Hades and Persephone

《歌劇魅影》小說的故事類似美女與野獸，不過更像是希臘羅馬神話中冥王黑帝斯和泊瑟芬的故事，

Erik is frequently compared to death-like things in the novel,

作者常將艾瑞克比擬跟死亡有關的事物，

and he quite literally lives in an underworld and he absconds with this innocent young girl, a novice singer in the Opera named Christine.

他幾乎是長居地下，也將天真年輕的克莉絲汀─歌劇院的新進歌手─帶到他的家。

Speaking to her from behind her mirrors in her dressing room he tells her "Hey,

魅影會在克莉絲汀穿衣間的鏡子後方跟她說：

I'm a literal angel sent to you by your dead father to train you to sing,"

「我確實是你死去的父親派來的天使，要教你唱歌。」

which she, being super religious, is like "Okay, that sounds legit."

克莉絲汀非常虔誠，信以為真，

So she's pretty disappointed to find out that

所以當她發現所謂的天使

he's actually kind of like a crazy deformed person.

只是個臉部畸形的瘋狂人，非常的失望。

But Erik is also super-jealous of Christine's childhood sweetheart,

艾瑞克也很嫉妒嫉妒克莉絲汀的青梅竹馬─勞爾夏尼子爵。

the Vicomte Raoul de Chagny, and the novel comes to a head when Raoul and the Persian descend into the Phantom's underworld to rescue Christine

整個故事的高潮是最後勞爾和波斯人進到魅影的地宮去解救克莉絲汀，

only immediately to get oopsy-daisy caught in Erik's torture chamber, which he has!

然而很快就不小心被困在艾瑞克的極刑室，他真的有極刑室！

And Erik thinks this is great! More to blackmail Christine with, he's like

艾瑞克很滿意。藉此勒索克莉絲汀：

"Hey, girl, either you marry me or I'm gonna kill these two and blow up the entire opera and both of us."

「小女孩，你得跟我結婚，不然我會殺掉那兩個人、炸毀整個歌劇院和也炸死我們自己。」

What a prize.

好棒的獎勵！

So let's talk about Erik's character arc,

現在我們來分析魅影艾瑞克的心理歷程，

which is the most important aspect of the story to me and the thing that most of the adaptations screw the pooch on.

對我來說，這是歌劇魅影故事最重要的一環，但大多數改寫作品沒有表達得很成功。

Christine says "Okay, I'll marry you," which obviously she really does not want to do,

克莉絲汀說：「好吧！我嫁給你。」，很明顯她其實不想，

but will do this incredibly selfless thing if it means saving other people's lives.

但如果可以挽救其他人的性命，她願意作出這難以置信的無私舉動，

But the fact that she does this kind of does him in, and

也可能希望這樣能打動艾瑞克，

she even kisses him because she really does feel sorry for him.

她甚至因為同情而親吻了他，

And so Erik - surprised and completely done in by her selflessness - lets her Raoul and the Persian go.

艾瑞克很驚訝、也被她的無私感動，因此放了她和勞爾與波斯人。

She marries Raoul and Eric dies alone, and the book ends with the author contending that

克莉絲汀和勞爾結婚；艾瑞克孤獨死去。在小說最後，作者聲稱

despite his deeds

雖然艾瑞克犯下種種罪行，

Erik was not an inherently bad

卻不是骨子裡壞，

person and could have been a great person if the world hadn't been so shitty to him and that he did not deserve to be

如果人們沒有唾棄他，他可能會是個好人，

demonised but there were many circumstances,

也不值得被妖魔化，有許多因素

some within his control, but many not, that made him the way he was;

─有些他能掌控，但大部分不能─使他成為那樣的人，

that he wasn't a monster, but a flawed human.

他也不是怪物，只是有缺陷的平凡人。

So that's actually pretty sophisticated

這一段其實寫得不錯─

moral for a turn-of-the-century pulp horror novel.

以一個二十世紀之交的三流恐怖小說來講。

Let's see what Hollywood does with that.

現在來看看好萊塢有哪些歌劇魅影的改編：

When you think of Universal Monsters and 'Phantom of the Opera', this is that version.

如果你想到環球恐怖電影之一的《歌劇魅影》，那就是好萊塢的出品之一，

In fact as far as "monster Phantom" goes - the Lloyd-Webber musical he's misunderstood sex god

其實如果要舉怪物型魅影的例子，我就不把把韋伯音樂劇算進去了，因為他把魅影誤解為性感男神，

so we're not counting that - Lon Chaney's is the definitive version.

1925 年隆錢尼的版本就是我說的妖魔型魅影之一，

This was actually not the first film version. There was one in 1916,

這其實不是最早的電影，早在 1916 年就有人將歌劇魅影的改編電影，

but, as is the case with about 90% of all of silent films, this one was lost

但它的資料跟百分之九十的默片下場一樣─失傳了，

and we don't really know all that much about it.

所以我們對這片一無所知，

So for the purposes of this little YouTube video

因此為了這個介紹影片，

1925 is the first movie.

我就把 1925 年的版本當成《歌劇魅影》第一部電影，

Like Book Erik, Cheney's Erik is highly emotional and really just...

就像原著一樣，隆錢尼扮演的艾瑞克非常情緒化，

a little too upfront with his feelings.

有點激動過頭了。

Oh, good that's... that's really appealing and she then immediately runs on in the casket he sleeps in and he's like:

哇，這話蠻吸引人的。克莉絲汀聽了卻馬上跑走，意外撞見艾瑞克睡覺的棺材，

"Yep. It is what it is baby."

艾瑞克好像在說：「對，那就是我睡覺的地方，寶貝。」

This movie isn't just important as an adaptation of 'Phantom of the Opera',

這個電影很重要，除了改編《歌劇魅影》，

but is also a seminal piece of pop culture and Hollywood history in the horror genre,

也促成好萊塢恐怖電影與流行文化的發展，

not to mention a landmark in makeup and effects work, and well worth checking out.

魅影的妝容和特效也具代表性，讓這部片值得一看，

The scene where Christine first unmasks Erik

在其中一幕，克莉絲汀第一次掀開艾瑞克的面具，然後艾瑞克逼近她。

and then he comes at her - critics at the time reported hearing screams

評論家描述當時聽到電影院裡的尖叫聲，

in the screening and some patrons even fainted or left the theatre because they were so horrified by Lon Chaney's makeup.

有些觀眾甚至被錢尼的妝嚇到昏厥或逃離電影院，

Although that weird little cloth thing on his mask does, er, detract from his menace a bit.

不過用一小塊奇怪的布遮住臉確實有減低他的恐怖程度。

I would call it the best of the movie adaptations

我覺得這是最棒的電影改編─

except for that ending.

除了結局以外都很棒。

Early in the novel the corpse of a stagehand named Bouquet who'd been garroted is found in the cellar.

小說一開始提到有人在地下室發現被勒死的道具管理員布克屍體，

In the movie Bouquet's got a brother and there's an obviously hastily added in:

而在 1925 年電影版布克卻有個哥哥，也增加一個倉促的片段：他的哥哥跟大家說：

"Hey, this guy killed my brother and I found out where he lives off screen somewhere" ending.

「這個人 (艾瑞克) 殺了我弟弟，我已經找到他的居住地了 (在螢幕上看不到的地方)！」，這就是結局。

Like in the novel Christine's like "Please let them go, I'll do whatever."

跟小說一樣，克莉絲汀說：「我會照你要求，請你放了他們 (勞爾與波斯人)」

And Erik's like "Okay."

艾瑞克說好，

And he does let them go,

他也的確有放他們走，

and then when Christine's patting on Raoul and Erik's over here kinda grumpy and then busts in the angry mob and...

克莉絲汀輕拍勞爾身體讓他恢復意識，一旁的艾瑞克看起來很焦躁，接著鏡頭出現生氣的群眾...

Suddenly there's a chase scene.

突然一場追逐戲開始了，

And we're on a wild carriage ride; dang!

艾瑞克駕著馬車，這好爛！

So obviously in the book Erik is a lot more sympathetic.

所以原著裡的艾瑞克明顯更吸引同情，

But his rival Raoul is a lot less so;

讀者反而沒那麼喜歡他的情敵勞爾，

he is a whiny self-centred little baby.

他是個愛抱怨的自我中心小男孩，

In the movie Raoul is more of a conventional, dashing straightforward movie hero,

電影裡的勞爾則是行動果斷直接的傳統英雄，

and Erik is a monster.

反而把艾瑞克設定成怪物。

Both of them become less complex and that element in the original novel that contemplates on Erik's

兩個角色在小說中都更複雜，

humanity and what made him into a monster...

小說有描寫艾瑞克的人性以及變成怪物的原因。

"Eh, screw that."

別說這個了。

But even so there's a great case to make for Lon Chaney's Erik as pure and simple the best performance.

即使如此，隆錢尼對艾瑞克的詮釋最好、最精簡、也最忠於原著。

He walks this great fine line of sympathetic, terrifying, childlike eccentric and all through facial expression and body language.

他善用臉部表情和肢體語言平衡，在這位孩子氣怪人恐怖與讓人同情的特質間取得平衡，

He's really genuinely horrifying and yet he's so expressive.

他真的很嚇人，卻也感情豐富─

Except for this stupid ending.

除了愚蠢的結局以外其他都很好，

"'kay guys, I've got a grenade. Yeah. I'm just kidding. Haha. Hey, we have fun...

「你們看，我有手榴彈，哈哈我只是開玩笑，很好玩吧？」

Arghh..."

啊...

It was also originally going to end like the book and Lon Chaney himself was purportedly not wild about this change

電影的結局原本要跟小說一樣，但後來改了，據說隆錢尼自己也不喜歡這樣的更動，

but, you know, it's early Hollywood and villainous characters aren't allowed to have like, you know,

不過如同你們所知，早期好萊塢電影裡都不會寬貸反派角色，

redemption arcs or growth, or depth, so -

他們沒有機會贖罪、得到成長或思想深度，

bye Erik.

所以再會啦！艾瑞克。

Next.

接下來的改編作品是：《夜半歌聲》，

SHAN: [*speaking Mandarin*]

(中文)

This movie is considered one of the greats of early Chinese cinema.

現在認為這部電影是中國早期電影中最好的作品之一，

It was lost to the ages during the Cultural Revolution and was only found again in 1998.

這部片在文化大革命期間亡佚，所幸 1998 年重新找回，

This one is a first in the trend of the phantom getting disfigured after the fact rather than from birth

《夜半歌聲》是第一個把魅影改成後天毀容而非天生畸形的電影，

which I take slight umbrage with but we'll get to that.

我不太喜歡這樣，但我還是會談這部片，

The Phantom in this one is a dude named Song Danping and

這個版本的魅影叫宋丹平，

Christine in this version appears to be a dude?

而宋丹平的學生似乎是個叫孫小鵬的男人？

His name is Sung, and promises to train him so that he can sing to Song's

丹平答應訓練小鵬唱歌，讓小鵬能以歌聲安慰宋丹平的愛人李曉霞，

lady love who has been driven mad because she thinks Song is dead.

她以為宋丹平已經過世，因而精神失常，

So Song teaches Sung to sing.

於是丹平開始教小鵬唱歌，

I swear I'm not making this up.

我發誓這不是我捏造的，

This movie has a big subplot about a leftist revolutionary movement

這部電影也有描繪當時中國的左派革命行動，

and most of the romance story-line is told in flashbacks.

大部分的浪漫情節是用倒敘法呈現。

Song's lady love is not a singer. Instead she's in what appears to be a madhouse.

宋丹平的愛人並不是歌唱家，反而好像是個精神病患，

Song is also a lot more sympathetic than the Chaney version - or even the book version for that matter - as it really plays up the

他也比隆錢尼的電影甚至小說更值得同情，

romance angle and his tragic fall.

因為這部片呈現他浪漫的一面以及悲劇性結局，

"Hey, the Phantom was hot at one point."

魅影也是可以很熱血的！

Although, true to form, our Phantom is a huge drama queen.

不過他也確實很情緒化，

MENGHE: [*speaking Mandarin*]

(中文)

And I know this is pretty much par for the course as far as acting in early Chinese cinema goes but, heh,

我知道這很像中國早年的演戲風格，

I'm just saying it works where the Phantom is concerned.

不過用這樣的方式呈現魅影也不錯。

MENGHE: [*speaking Mandarin*]

(中文)

Feelings! But even with our more sympathetic Phantom, the movie still ends like the fucking Lon Chaney movie.

蠻動人的！不過雖然這版本的魅影比較讓人同情，結局還是隆錢尼版一樣糟。

And the Christine analogue ends up with Sung.

克莉絲汀的對應角色 (綠蝶) 最後也跟小鵬在一起了。

But it doesn't matter now, nothing matters except you me, Christine.

但沒關係，現在只有你跟我，克莉絲汀，

Now you'll sing all you want.

現在你可以隨心所欲地唱歌，

But only for me.

不過只能為我而唱。

LINDSAY: This was Universal's big, lavish, big-budgeted remake of the 1925 version.

環球影業花費心力，斥資翻拍 1925年的電影，

But like its rewrite-addled predecessor...

不過這跟之前的電影一樣，情節都變調了，

You can kind of see the cracks.

你們可以從中看出一點蛛絲馬跡。

Claude Rains plays Erique Claudin, who's a retiring star violinist at the Opera.

克勞德藍恩飾演艾瑞克克勞丁，是歌劇院即將退休的明星小提琴家，

In the original screenplay

劇本原來把他設定成克莉絲汀的父親，

he was gonna be Christine's father, and that's why rather than teaching her to sing himself

所以他並沒有親自教她唱歌，

he spends his life savings on singing lessons for her. Knowing this makes the movie make more sense,

而是花費畢生積蓄讓她接受歌唱訓練，這讓劇情合理許多，

but they cut out the father angle, so instead

可是後來工作團隊把父親這一環節刪掉了，

he's just this like weird, old guy

因此魅影只是個古怪的老人，

who's oddly fixated on this one girl with no real context as to why.

毫無理由的迷戀克莉絲汀。

RAINS: You weren't ill, were you?

「你那時候沒有生病的吧？

You're not in any trouble?"

有沒有遇到什麼麻煩？」

But this Phantom also has a tragic life and he has a super sympathetic backstory,

這個魅影的生活和過去經歷也很悲慘，非常值得同情。

up until he up and murders a guy over a misunderstanding.

後來他因為誤會殺了一個人，

And then we get the acid in the face and hot-damn with the crazy.

然後被潑酸毀容，變得瘋狂。

I suppose the implication was that in this version

我認為這個版本的魅影總是瘋瘋癲癲，

he was always kind of on the edge and then here was the snapping point.

接下來就是關鍵時刻了，

So when, towards the end, he gets Christine down in his lair. It's like:

電影最後他將克莉絲汀帶到地宮，

RAINS: I warned them. I told them there'd be death and destruction if they didn't let you sing.

他說：「我警告他們了，如果不讓你登台演唱，會有人被殺、劇院也會被破壞。」

LINDSAY: Well, that escalated quickly.

這讓故事變得刺激，

But then the focus shifts entirely. After the acid sploosh Erik isn't in the movie much at all,

可是接著重點完全變了。遭潑酸毀容的艾瑞克消失後，

and for the most part we follow the not one,

電影接下來大部分是

but two Raoul's trying to figure out what's going on.

兩個勞爾想要弄清楚狀況。

Why is he so obsessed with this girl he's had basically no contact with? Hmm?

為什麼魅影會對這位幾乎沒接觸過的女孩這麼著迷？

There's a lot of reading between the lines with this Phantom's motivation.

他的動機可以有很多種解讀：

If he is her dad, then why is he not in her life? If not, what's his deal?

如果他是她爸爸，為什麼以前沒跟她一起生活？如果不是，那他有什麼打算？

Does he just think she's cute?

還是他只是覺得克莉絲汀很可愛呢？

What made him snap and kill that guy over basically nothing?

為什麼要他要無緣無故打那個人、並將她殺死？

Does he have a history of stuff like this?

他們以前有什麼過節嗎？

And that's why he lives alone and tries to stay out of Christine's life.

所以他才因此獨居、遠離克莉絲汀嗎？

In the end, the movie just ends abruptly with 'death by falling rocks' and everyone just kind of shrugs and moves on.