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  • Telephone Ringing

  • Telephone Ringing

  • Telephone Ringing

  • Hi! This is the cardiovascular system.

  • I have a question for you. Go ahead.

  • What is the cardiovascular system?

  • The cardiovascular system

  • includes the heart and the blood vessels. the heart pumps blood

  • and the blood vessels deliver it throughout the body.

  • At the center of the cardiovascular system

  • is the heart.

  • It is a muscle about the size of your fist.

  • It is located behind your ribcage

  • and a little to the left of the middle of the chest. The ribs protect your heart

  • that is why whenever you fall down or get hit

  • in the chest your heart is safe your. Heart pumps the blood through the body

  • through arteries and veins. These

  • are like little roads your body. The body

  • carries a good nice oxygen and nutrients that the body needs

  • and carries away the rotten dirty carbon dioxide

  • and chemical waste, so that the body can get rid of them.

  • Telephone Ringing

  • Telephone Ringing

  • Telephone Ringing

  • You've reached the heart.

  • Yeah Mr. Heart can you please tell me more about yourself?

  • Sure! let me give it to my operator.

  • The heart divided into the right half and left half.

  • These two halves of the heart act as separate pumps

  • each is in charge of pumping blood

  • through one of the two blood vessel circuits. The heart has four chambers

  • the right atrium, right ventricle,

  • the left atrium and the left ventricle,

  • the atria on both sides of the heart receives incoming blood first

  • and then it send it down to the ventricles

  • to be pumped out. the right side of your heart receives oxygen poor blood from the

  • body

  • and pumps it into the lungs

  • to get rid of the carbon dioxide and to pick up the good oxygen.

  • the left side of your heart

  • receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs

  • and pumps it back into your body.

  • The heart depends on four valves

  • to move the blood in your heart in the right direction.

  • The sound your heart makes

  • comes from the sound of these valves opening and closing.

  • blood pressure is a measurement of the force of the blood

  • as it flows through the arteries of the cardiovascular system.

  • the top number is called the systolic pressure

  • and is the pressure found in the

  • arteries while the heart muscles are squeezing blood

  • out of the heart.

  • the bottom number is the diastolic pressure

  • which is the pressure of the blood as it continues to flow through the arteries

  • between heartbeats.

  • your heart is the most important organ in your body.

  • you could not live without a heart

  • and that is why you need to take care of your heart and keep it really really healthy.

  • these are the main things that you can do to keep your heart healthy.

  • eat healthy foods,

  • exercise every day,

  • and

  • live life tobacco-free.

  • the digestive system.

  • we all love to eat don't we?

  • hello you've reached the digestive system.

  • can I help you? yes please

  • what is the digestive system?

  • when you eat food it goes into your digestive system.

  • your digestive system is responsible for converting the food we eat

  • into energy for our bodies to use.

  • it's like petrol being put into a car.

  • thank you very much.

  • but what does the digestive system consistent of?

  • the digestive system includes

  • mouth, esophagus,

  • liver, stomach,

  • gall bladder, pancreas, large intestine,

  • small intestine and the rectum

  • digestion or breaking down of food into small molecules

  • that will be absorbed into your bloodstream

  • begins when you put food into your mouth.

  • your teeth help to break the food apart. 97 00:06:12,510 --> 00:06:16,810 saliva helps to soften the food

  • and your tongue helps to push the food into your throat

  • and down into your esophagus which is a soft tube

  • that is connected to your stomach.

  • the stomach your little Tummy is a sack

  • that receives the food from the esophagus. your stomach is located just

  • below the heart.

  • the stomach makes digestive juices

  • which include the acids and enzymes that help to break our food down

  • into a thick liquid or paste.

  • your stomach is a muscular organ

  • that is able to move in order to mix the food with the digestive juices.

  • food usually remains in the stomach for about a couple of hours.

  • from the stomach the mashed up food moves into the soft long

  • tube known as the small intestine

  • where most of the digestion takes place. the liver makes a

  • yellowish green fluid called the bile.

  • bile and digested enzymes from the pancreas

  • help releas the nutrients so they can be absorbed

  • and circulated around your body in the bloodstream.

  • the blood bTelephone Ringings the fats, proteins, vitamins

  • and carbohydrates including the sugars to the liver

  • which helps make them into building blocks that the body needs to work and

  • grow.

  • the body does not digest all the food we eat.

  • the undigested food

  • leaves the small intestine and then enters the large intestine.

  • the large intestine is about five feet long,

  • so it is shorter than the small intestine

  • which is about 25 feet long.

  • but I guess it's called the large intestine because its

  • thicker or wider than the small intestine.

  • the undigested food enters the large intestine

  • in a liquidy paste. in the large intestine

  • water is removed from the liquid paste turning what is left

  • into solid waste. the solid waste

  • then collects in the rectum at the end of the large intestine.

  • the solid waste will finally leave the body

  • through an opening called the anus

  • and this is what happens when you poop.

  • keep your digestive system in good shape by eating lots of healthy

  • food.

  • like a lot of fruits and a lot of vegetables.

  • greasy or fatty foods like fast food can be difficult to digest.

  • so try to eat these foods in moderation

  • and don't forget you must drink lots and lots of

  • water. when you take care of your digestive system

  • it will do you right.

  • The respiratory system.

  • we breath in order to take good nice yummy

  • oxygen into our bodies and get rid of the

  • dirty rotten carbon dioxide. I'm breathing hard.

  • are you?

  • Hello you have reached the respiratory system.

  • can I help you? yes please.

  • what is the respiratory system?

  • your respiratory system is made up of the organs in your body

  • that help you breath.

  • you breath so that you can deliver oxygen into your body

  • and take away carbon dioxide.

  • thank you very much. breathing is all about knowing the respiratory system.

  • so what is the respiratory system made up of?

  • the respiratory system is made up of

  • the trachea, the lungs,

  • and the diaphragm. how does the respiratory system work?

  • in when you breath in

  • air you bTelephone Ringinging oxygen it goes into your lungs

  • and when you breath out you blow carbon dioxide out.

  • the diaphragm is a muscle beneath the lungs

  • that helps move air in and out of your body.

  • when you breath in

  • the diaphragm contracts pulling

  • air in through your nose in your mouth through the trachea inflating the lungs

  • just like a baloon. when you breathe out

  • the diaphragm relaxes

  • and moves up to help pushed air out of your lungs

  • out of your nose and mouth.

  • the air you breathe passes into smaller tubes that branches within the lungs.

  • these tiny tubes are called bronchioles

  • and there are about thirty thousand of them

  • in every lung.

  • their tiny air sacs called alveoli

  • at the ended each bronchioles.

  • there are about 600 million alveoli in your lungs.

  • you don't believe it.

  • do you? oxygen in the air you breathe

  • passes through the walls at the alveoli into very small blood vessels

  • called a capillaries then the oxygen-rich blood

  • is pumped throughout your body

  • and the carbon dioxide that is produced by the body

  • moves in the exact opposite way passing from the capillaries

  • into the alveoli and leaving the body when you breathe out.

  • it looks simple doesn't it? well

  • that is what breathing is all about.

  • how to love your lungs the best way to keep your Lungs pink

  • and healthy is not to smoke. you can also show your love for your lungs by

  • exercising.

  • As you breathe more deeply and take in more air,

  • your lungs become stronger and better,

  • at supplying your body with the air it needs.

  • keep your legs healthy and they will thank you for life.

  • nervous system

  • tasting, smelling, seeing, heaTelephone Ringing,

  • thinking, moving, dreaming, breathing,

  • heartbeating, running, feeling, pain or pleasure,

  • laughing, sleeping, singing,

  • remembeTelephone Ringing,

  • you couldn't do any of these things without you're nervous system.

  • Telephone Ringing

  • Hello!

  • this is the nervous system. how are you doing today?

  • I'm doing alright. I just want to know more about the brain

  • or the nervous system. so what

  • is the nervous system made of? the nervous system is made up of

  • brain the brain is a jelly-like substance.

  • it manages the body and yet weighs

  • teeny weeny 1.5 kilos or just three pounds.

  • spinal cord. the nerves of your body

  • the brain communicates with the rest of the body through the spinal cord and

  • nerves.

  • they tell the brain what is going on in the body

  • at all times. this system also gives instructions

  • to all parts of the body about what to do and when to do it.

  • it is called the nervous system

  • because it is made up of billions of nerve cells

  • that can be found in the brain which

  • is the control center of the nervous system.

  • your brain is divided into two sides.

  • the left side of your brain controls the right side of your body

  • and the right side your brain controls left side of your body.

  • let's take a look at some of the important parts of the brain.

  • The Cerebrum.

  • the biggest part of the brain is cerebrum.

  • the cerebrum makes up eighty-five percent of the brains weight

  • and it's easy to see why.

  • the cerebrum is the thinking part of the brain and it controls you voluntary muscles.

  • the ones that move when you want them to

  • so you can't dance

  • or speak or play soccer without your cerebrum.

  • the cerebellum.

  • next up is the cerebellum.

  • the cerebellum is at the back to the brain below the cerebrum.

  • it's a lot smaller than the cerebrum .

  • well morning but it is a very important part of the brain.

  • it controls balance movement and coordination

  • because of your cerebellum you can stand straight

  • keep your balance and move around.

  • the thalamus. the thalamus carries messages from your sensory

  • organs.

  • when you smell a yummy curry or paneer tikka,

  • that is the time thalamus works.

  • the brain stem. controls breathing,

  • heartbeat and digestion. it also connects the rest to the brain to the spinal cord.

  • so the brain is boss.

  • but it can't do it alone it needs some nerves

  • actually a lot of them

  • and it needs a spinal cord which is a long bundle of nerves inside your spinal

  • column the vertebrae that protects.

  • it is the spinal cord and nerves

  • that let messages flow back and forth between the brain

  • and body .

  • ouch! That hurts.

  • brain is the boss so what can you do for your brain.

  • well there's lots of things for you to do.

  • eat healthy foods

  • that contain potassium and calcium. these two minerals

  • are very important for the nervous. system exercise

  • get a lot of play time. use good protection

  • wear a helmet when you ride your bike

  • or play other sports that require head protection.

  • don't drink alcohol or take drugs

  • or use tobacco and most important

  • use your brain use. your brain by doing challenging activities

  • such as puzzles, reading, playing music,

  • making art or anything else that gives your brain a workout

  • the urinary system.

  • the urinary system makes sure you get rid of all the dirty waste and the excess fluid

  • in your body.

  • Telephone Ringing

  • Telephone Ringing

  • Telephone Ringing

  • Hi! This is the urinary system. How can I help you today?

  • Yes please.

  • what is this thing called the urinary system?

  • the organs tubes muscles and nerves

  • that work together to create store and carry urine

  • is the urinary system. but don't these organs and tubes have any name?

  • sure they do. the main part of the urinary system

  • are the kidneys. the kidneys are bean shaped organs about the size of your

  • fist.

  • they are near the middle of the back

  • just below the rib cage.

  • the ureters.

  • tubes leading from the kidneys to the bladder the bladder.

  • the bladder is a hollow muscular organ

  • shaped like a big balloon and

  • the urethra a tune leading from the bladder to the exterior of the

  • body.

  • the kidneys filter the blood

  • and remove waste producing a liquid called urine.

  • some people call it pee .

  • but remember the cleaned blood least kidneys

  • and travels throughout the body.

  • each kidney has millions of urine making units

  • known as Nephrons that filter the blood

  • that flows through the kidnies. after the Kidnies do their thing,

  • the urine is carried by two thin tubes called you ureters

  • down to the bladder. the ureters are about 8 to 10 inches long.

  • muscles in the ureter walls

  • constantly tighten and relax to force urin downwards

  • away from the kidnies. small amounts of urine

  • are emptied into the bladder from the ureters about every 10 to 15 seconds.

  • the bladder is a storage sack

  • that holds the urine when the bladder is about halfway full

  • your body tells you to go to the bathroom. then the bladder muscles go

  • into action

  • and the urine is released from the body through a tube called the uretra.

  • let me tell you something that is really interesting.

  • about a 150 liters or thirty three gallons of fluid

  • pass through your kidneys every day but 99 percent of this is cleaned

  • and goes back into your blood. so I guess that it is very important to try to take

  • care of

  • the urinary system.

  • it is very well-known

  • that aging taxes the urinary system

  • but a person can lessen the effects of aging on the urinary system

  • just like every other system in the body by following a healthy lifestyle.

  • This includes

  • rest, drinking lots of water,

  • no smoking, no alcohol, proper diet,

  • and exercise regularly.

  • the immune system. I'm not feeling good today.

  • let me call the immune system to find out more.

  • Telephone Ringing

  • Telephone Ringing

  • you have reached the immune system.

  • how can I help you today?

  • I've heard about the immune system and I would like to know more about it.

  • the immune system is our body's defense system.

  • the immune system is made up of a complex and vital network of cells and organs

  • that protect the body from infection.

  • The purpose of the immune system is to keep

  • all the infectious dirty rotten micro organisms

  • such as certain bacteria viruses and fungi

  • out of the body

  • and to destroy any infectious micro organisms

  • that do dare invade the body.

  • thank you very much. hold on hold on

  • there is a lot more to this the organs involved with the immune system

  • are called the lymphoid organs which effect growth

  • development and the release of lymphocytes.

  • lymphocytes a type of infection fighting

  • white blood cell that are produced

  • in the bone marrow. the blood vessels

  • and the lymphatic vessels carry the lymphocytes to and from

  • different areas in the body. each lymphoid organ

  • helps in the production and the activation of lymphocytes.

  • lymphoid organs include

  • of adenoids, two glance located at the back

  • of the nasal passage. appendix,

  • small tube that is connected to the large intestine.

  • blood vessels, arteries veins and capillaries through which blood flows.

  • bone marrow,

  • soft fatty tissue found in bone cavities

  • and lymph nodes,

  • small organs shaped like beans

  • located throughout the body and connect via the lymphatic vessels

  • lymphatic vessels,

  • network of channels throughout the body

  • that carries lymphocytes to the lymphoid organs and the bloodstream.

  • Peyer's patches,

  • is a lymphoid tissue in the small intestine.

  • spleen is a fist-sized

  • organ located in the abdominal cavity.

  • Thymus these are two lobes that joining in front of the trachea

  • behind the breastbone.

  • tonsils two oval masses in the back of the throat.

  • once the lymphocytes are initially formed,

  • some will continue to mature in the bone marrow and become

  • B cells. other lymphocytes will finish their maturation

  • in the thymus and become the T cells. B and T cells are the two major groups of

  • lymphocytes which recognize and attack

  • infectious microorganisms.

  • everyday your immune system does a battle

  • to keep you healthy and make you feel at your best. you need to try and take good care

  • of it.

  • here are some tips.

  • proper diet, regular exercise,

  • adequate sleep,

  • control stress,

  • the endocrine system.

  • glands are organs that run the endocrine system.

  • Hello! This is the endocrine system. How may I help you?

  • can you tell me what the endocrine system is all about?

  • the endocrine system is a collection of glands

  • that produces hormones which are necessary for normal bodily functions

  • this is a complex system.

  • keeps your body growing developing and working the way it's supposed to.

  • glands are small organs located throughout your body

  • that releases substances called the hormones.

  • these hormones influence almost every cell,

  • organ and function of our bodies. each type of gland has its own special

  • function.

  • for example,

  • they help in regulating mood, growth and development,

  • tissue function and metabolism as well as sexual function in reproductive

  • processes.

  • the major glands that make up the human endocrine system are

  • pineal gland. the pineal gland is located in the middle of the brain.

  • it secretes a hormon that may help regulate the wake sleep cycle.

  • pituitary.

  • allthough it's no bigger than a little Pea,

  • the pituitary gland located at the base of the brain

  • is considered the most important part Endocrine system.

  • it's sometimes called the master gland.

  • because it makes hormones that control several other endocrine glands.

  • hypothalamus. the hypothalamus links the nervous system

  • to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland.

  • the hypothalamus also controls body temperature

  • hunger and thirst.

  • Thyroid. the thyroid gland located in the front part of the lower neck is

  • shaped like a butterfly and usually weighs less than one ounce.

  • the thyroid gland controls the rate at which the body

  • produces energy from nutrients.

  • thyroid hormones also play a key role in the bone growth

  • and the development of the brain and nervous system

  • parathyroids attached to the thyroid

  • are 4 tiny that function together called the parathyroids.

  • they release parathyroid hormone

  • which regulates the level of calcium in the blood the parathyroid glands

  • located behind the thyroid controls the level of calcium in the blood.

  • calcium of course we know is very very important,

  • not only for the bones and the teath but also for nerve functioning,

  • muscle contraction, blood clotting and glandular secretion.

  • adrenalines. these are the triangle-shaped glands that sit above

  • the kidneys.

  • they are chiefly responsible for regulating the stress levels.

  • taking care. keeping the endocrine system healthy

  • healthy diet and exercise regular.

  • the system of the body respond well

  • to a healthy diet and regular exercise and the endocrine system is no exception.

  • reduce stress, combining exercise with proper amounts of asleep

  • relaxation techniques and lots of positive thinking

  • helps reduce stress and keeps the hormone levels balanced.

  • the skeleton system.

  • everyone has a skeleton. it's what makes you the shake you are.

  • this is made up of lots and lots of bones

  • an amazing 206. half of these

  • are in the hands and feet.

  • Telephone Ringing

  • Whats up? Yes please!

  • I have always wondered what the skeleton system is made up of?

  • the skeletal system is what keeps your body in shape,

  • protects her vital organs such as the heart brain and lungs

  • and enables you to move.

  • let me tell you something more about bones.

  • when you were a teeny, weeny baby. you have tiny hands,

  • tiny feet and tiny everything. slowly

  • as you grew older everything became a bit bigger

  • including your bones. a baby's body

  • has about 274 bones at Birth.

  • these eventually fuse or grow together to form the 206 bones that adults have.

  • these eventually fuse or grow together to form the 206 bones

  • that adults have. by the time you are about 25

  • this process will be complete. after this happens

  • there can be no more growth. these bones are made

  • as they ever will be all these bones make up a skeleton.

  • let's take a look at some of the major bones starting at the top.

  • the skull. the skull is the bony section of the head.

  • the skull protects the brain and provides attachments for muscles of the head and

  • neck.

  • the cervical vertebrae.

  • these are the seven vertebrae of the spine

  • that form the connection to this skull and the neck. the clavicle.

  • the clavicle is the collar bone. the sternum

  • is the breastbone a long narrow

  • flat bone that forms the center of the front at the chest.

  • the humerous.

  • the humerous is a long bone in the upper arm

  • that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. the vertebral column or spine.

  • the spine is a column of bone and cartilage

  • that extends from the base of the skull to the pelvis.

  • the spine is made up of approximately 33 bones called vertebrae.

  • it enclosed and protects the spinal cord

  • and supports the trunk of the body and the head the Ribs.

  • ribs are flat curved bones that form the framework of the chest

  • and makeup a cage to protect the heart and lungs.

  • there are twelve pairs of Ribs

  • each joined at the back of the cage to a vertebra in the spine.

  • the radius

  • is the shorter the two forearm bones. the ulna.

  • the ulna is the longer of the two bones of the forearm.

  • the pelvis.

  • the pelvis is a symmetric Telephone Ringing of bones at the base of the spine.

  • it also provides support for the rest the body above it.

  • it protects abdominal organs such the bladder,

  • rectum and in women the uterus. the femur.

  • the femur is the thigh bone, the longest bone in the body.

  • the patella. the patella

  • or kneecap is a triangular shaped bone at the front of the knee joint.

  • the tibia. it is also called the shinbone.

  • the tibia is the inner and thicker

  • of the two long bones in the lower leg. the fibula.

  • the fibular or the calf bone is the outer and thinner

  • of the two long bones in the lower leg.

  • phalanges the phalanges are the small bones that make up the fingers and the toes.

  • taking care of bones. your bones help you out every day.

  • so make sure you take care of them. here's some tips.

  • drink milk and eat other dairy products strengthen your skeleton by drinking

  • milk

  • and eating other dairy products like low-fat cheese,

  • frozen yogurt. they all contain calcium which help bones harden and become

  • really strong.

  • being active. this is another way to strengthen your bones

  • is through exercise like running, jumping,

  • dancing and playing.

  • wear the right protective equipment wear. a helmet when you ride a bike

  • or wear the right helmet when you play sports.

  • the muscular system.

  • one of the most amazing things about the human body is the incredible range of

  • movement and mobility it has.

  • Telephone Ringing

  • Telephone Ringing

  • Telephone Ringing

  • what are the functions of the muscular system? muscles perform

  • four important body functions. maintains bodies posture,

  • stabilize joins, provide movement,

  • so that we can move whenever we want.

  • this day to day activity is accomplished by our muscles

  • through the extraordinary and facinating ability

  • of converting chemical energy energy stored in nutrients

  • into mechanical energy, energy in movement.

  • they also help move food from one organ to another.

  • maintaining body temperature.

  • By generating heat that the body requires.

  • Wow! that's great. but how many muscles do we have?

  • you have more than 600 muscles in your body.

  • but there are three different kind of muscles in your body. smooth muscle,

  • cardiac muscle, and skeletal muscle.

  • smooth muscles are found in the body organs

  • and are at work all over your body.

  • these muscles are also called involuntary muscles,

  • because you can't control this type of muscle.

  • your brain and body tells these muscles what to do

  • without you even thinking about it.

  • for example,

  • in your stomach in the digestive system these muscles contract

  • tighten up and relax to allow food to make its journey through the body.

  • this way you do not have to focus on digesting your food.

  • it happens all by itself.

  • cardiac muscle. the muscle that makes up the heart is called cardiac muscle.

  • just like smooth muscles these are also

  • involuntary muscles and work all by themselves with no help from you.

  • this way we do not think about a heartbeat constantly.

  • think how bad it would be to have to consciously and constantly

  • tell your heart to beat

  • and what if you forget. Ooh! you see,

  • cardiac muscle. Hurray! the thick muscles of the heart

  • contract to pump blood out and then relax

  • to let blood back in after it's circulated through the body

  • skeletal muscles.

  • the skeletal muscles are the only voluntary muscles

  • of your body. which means

  • you can control what they do the skeleton muscle covers the bony skeleton

  • and together to give your body power and strength skeletal muscles come in many

  • different sizes and shapes

  • to allow them to do many types of jobs. these are the kind of muscle you think of

  • when we say

  • muscle. the skeleton muscle shows how strong you are

  • and also allow you to control your body movements.

  • for example, you kick the soccer ball into the goal

  • exercise and weight training can help you increase the skeleton muscle size.

  • keeping the muscular system healthy.

  • here are some tips: exercise,

  • aerobic exercises help to strengthen the heart and lungs

  • you can walk you can cycle you can swim

  • you can run and climbing stairs can be really fun.

  • for example, walking,

  • jogging, cycling, swimming and climbing stairs

  • are just a few examples of aerobic activity.

  • exercise that increases the size and strength of muscles

  • are called anaerobic exercises. example

  • strength training or weightlifting and sprinting.

  • when combined with exercise the following also help the muscular system.

  • proper nutrition. leafy vegetables and whole grains

  • and yummy fruit.

  • drinking enough water, adequate rest and

  • stress reduction and no tension.

  • Hey Folks! Did you enjoy learning about

  • how our fabulous human body works? I'm sure you loved it.

  • imagin understanding something that is there in us

  • which was always with us from the day we were born.

  • such an important thing to now well.

  • hope you had fun and catch you next time Goodbye!

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B2 中高級 美國腔

讓我們來了解一下人體是如何運作的 (Lets Learn How The Human Body Works)

  • 147 6
    Amy.Lin 發佈於 2021 年 01 月 14 日
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