讓我們來了解一下人體是如何運作的 (Lets Learn How The Human Body Works)

字幕列表影片播放

Telephone Ringing
Telephone Ringing
Telephone Ringing
Hi! This is the cardiovascular system.
I have a question for you. Go ahead.
What is the cardiovascular system?
The cardiovascular system
includes the heart and the blood vessels. the heart pumps blood
and the blood vessels deliver it throughout the body.
At the center of the cardiovascular system
is the heart.
It is a muscle about the size of your fist.
It is located behind your ribcage
and a little to the left of the middle of the chest. The ribs protect your heart
that is why whenever you fall down or get hit
in the chest your heart is safe your. Heart pumps the blood through the body
through arteries and veins. These
are like little roads your body. The body
carries a good nice oxygen and nutrients that the body needs
and carries away the rotten dirty carbon dioxide
and chemical waste, so that the body can get rid of them.
Telephone Ringing
Telephone Ringing
Telephone Ringing
You've reached the heart.
Yeah Mr. Heart can you please tell me more about yourself?
Sure! let me give it to my operator.
The heart divided into the right half and left half.
These two halves of the heart act as separate pumps
each is in charge of pumping blood
through one of the two blood vessel circuits. The heart has four chambers
the right atrium, right ventricle,
the left atrium and the left ventricle,
the atria on both sides of the heart receives incoming blood first
and then it send it down to the ventricles
to be pumped out. the right side of your heart receives oxygen poor blood from the
body
and pumps it into the lungs
to get rid of the carbon dioxide and to pick up the good oxygen.
the left side of your heart
receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs
and pumps it back into your body.
The heart depends on four valves
to move the blood in your heart in the right direction.
The sound your heart makes
comes from the sound of these valves opening and closing.
blood pressure is a measurement of the force of the blood
as it flows through the arteries of the cardiovascular system.
the top number is called the systolic pressure
and is the pressure found in the
arteries while the heart muscles are squeezing blood
out of the heart.
the bottom number is the diastolic pressure
which is the pressure of the blood as it continues to flow through the arteries
between heartbeats.
your heart is the most important organ in your body.
you could not live without a heart
and that is why you need to take care of your heart and keep it really really healthy.
these are the main things that you can do to keep your heart healthy.
eat healthy foods,
exercise every day,
and
live life tobacco-free.
the digestive system.
we all love to eat don't we?
hello you've reached the digestive system.
can I help you? yes please
what is the digestive system?
when you eat food it goes into your digestive system.
your digestive system is responsible for converting the food we eat
into energy for our bodies to use.
it's like petrol being put into a car.
thank you very much.
but what does the digestive system consistent of?
the digestive system includes
mouth, esophagus,
liver, stomach,
gall bladder, pancreas, large intestine,
small intestine and the rectum
digestion or breaking down of food into small molecules
that will be absorbed into your bloodstream
begins when you put food into your mouth.
your teeth help to break the food apart. 97 00:06:12,510 --> 00:06:16,810 saliva helps to soften the food
and your tongue helps to push the food into your throat
and down into your esophagus which is a soft tube
that is connected to your stomach.
the stomach your little Tummy is a sack
that receives the food from the esophagus. your stomach is located just
below the heart.
the stomach makes digestive juices
which include the acids and enzymes that help to break our food down
into a thick liquid or paste.
your stomach is a muscular organ
that is able to move in order to mix the food with the digestive juices.
food usually remains in the stomach for about a couple of hours.
from the stomach the mashed up food moves into the soft long
tube known as the small intestine
where most of the digestion takes place. the liver makes a
yellowish green fluid called the bile.
bile and digested enzymes from the pancreas
help releas the nutrients so they can be absorbed
and circulated around your body in the bloodstream.
the blood bTelephone Ringings the fats, proteins, vitamins
and carbohydrates including the sugars to the liver
which helps make them into building blocks that the body needs to work and
grow.
the body does not digest all the food we eat.
the undigested food
leaves the small intestine and then enters the large intestine.
the large intestine is about five feet long,
so it is shorter than the small intestine
which is about 25 feet long.
but I guess it's called the large intestine because its
thicker or wider than the small intestine.
the undigested food enters the large intestine
in a liquidy paste. in the large intestine
water is removed from the liquid paste turning what is left
into solid waste. the solid waste
then collects in the rectum at the end of the large intestine.
the solid waste will finally leave the body
through an opening called the anus
and this is what happens when you poop.
keep your digestive system in good shape by eating lots of healthy
food.
like a lot of fruits and a lot of vegetables.
greasy or fatty foods like fast food can be difficult to digest.
so try to eat these foods in moderation
and don't forget you must drink lots and lots of
water. when you take care of your digestive system
it will do you right.
The respiratory system.
we breath in order to take good nice yummy
oxygen into our bodies and get rid of the
dirty rotten carbon dioxide. I'm breathing hard.
are you?
Hello you have reached the respiratory system.
can I help you? yes please.
what is the respiratory system?
your respiratory system is made up of the organs in your body
that help you breath.
you breath so that you can deliver oxygen into your body
and take away carbon dioxide.
thank you very much. breathing is all about knowing the respiratory system.
so what is the respiratory system made up of?
the respiratory system is made up of
the trachea, the lungs,
and the diaphragm. how does the respiratory system work?
in when you breath in
air you bTelephone Ringinging oxygen it goes into your lungs
and when you breath out you blow carbon dioxide out.
the diaphragm is a muscle beneath the lungs
that helps move air in and out of your body.
when you breath in
the diaphragm contracts pulling
air in through your nose in your mouth through the trachea inflating the lungs
just like a baloon. when you breathe out
the diaphragm relaxes
and moves up to help pushed air out of your lungs
out of your nose and mouth.
the air you breathe passes into smaller tubes that branches within the lungs.
these tiny tubes are called bronchioles
and there are about thirty thousand of them
in every lung.
their tiny air sacs called alveoli
at the ended each bronchioles.
there are about 600 million alveoli in your lungs.
you don't believe it.
do you? oxygen in the air you breathe
passes through the walls at the alveoli into very small blood vessels
called a capillaries then the oxygen-rich blood
is pumped throughout your body
and the carbon dioxide that is produced by the body
moves in the exact opposite way passing from the capillaries
into the alveoli and leaving the body when you breathe out.
it looks simple doesn't it? well
that is what breathing is all about.
how to love your lungs the best way to keep your Lungs pink
and healthy is not to smoke. you can also show your love for your lungs by
exercising.
As you breathe more deeply and take in more air,
your lungs become stronger and better,
at supplying your body with the air it needs.
keep your legs healthy and they will thank you for life.
nervous system
tasting, smelling, seeing, heaTelephone Ringing,
thinking, moving, dreaming, breathing,
heartbeating, running, feeling, pain or pleasure,
laughing, sleeping, singing,
remembeTelephone Ringing,
you couldn't do any of these things without you're nervous system.
Telephone Ringing
Hello!
this is the nervous system. how are you doing today?
I'm doing alright. I just want to know more about the brain
or the nervous system. so what
is the nervous system made of? the nervous system is made up of
brain the brain is a jelly-like substance.
it manages the body and yet weighs
teeny weeny 1.5 kilos or just three pounds.
spinal cord. the nerves of your body
the brain communicates with the rest of the body through the spinal cord and
nerves.
they tell the brain what is going on in the body
at all times. this system also gives instructions
to all parts of the body about what to do and when to do it.
it is called the nervous system
because it is made up of billions of nerve cells
that can be found in the brain which
is the control center of the nervous system.
your brain is divided into two sides.
the left side of your brain controls the right side of your body
and the right side your brain controls left side of your body.
let's take a look at some of the important parts of the brain.
The Cerebrum.
the biggest part of the brain is cerebrum.
the cerebrum makes up eighty-five percent of the brains weight
and it's easy to see why.
the cerebrum is the thinking part of the brain and it controls you voluntary muscles.
the ones that move when you want them to
so you can't dance
or speak or play soccer without your cerebrum.
the cerebellum.
next up is the cerebellum.
the cerebellum is at the back to the brain below the cerebrum.
it's a lot smaller than the cerebrum .
well morning but it is a very important part of the brain.
it controls balance movement and coordination
because of your cerebellum you can stand straight
keep your balance and move around.
the thalamus. the thalamus carries messages from your sensory
organs.
when you smell a yummy curry or paneer tikka,
that is the time thalamus works.
the brain stem. controls breathing,
heartbeat and digestion. it also connects the rest to the brain to the spinal cord.
so the brain is boss.
but it can't do it alone it needs some nerves
actually a lot of them
and it needs a spinal cord which is a long bundle of nerves inside your spinal
column the vertebrae that protects.
it is the spinal cord and nerves
that let messages flow back and forth between the brain
and body .
ouch! That hurts.
brain is the boss so what can you do for your brain.
well there's lots of things for you to do.
eat healthy foods
that contain potassium and calcium. these two minerals
are very important for the nervous. system exercise
get a lot of play time. use good protection
wear a helmet when you ride your bike
or play other sports that require head protection.
don't drink alcohol or take drugs
or use tobacco and most important
use your brain use. your brain by doing challenging activities
such as puzzles, reading, playing music,
making art or anything else that gives your brain a workout
the urinary system.
the urinary system makes sure you get rid of all the dirty waste and the excess fluid
in your body.
Telephone Ringing
Telephone Ringing
Telephone Ringing
Hi! This is the urinary system. How can I help you today?
Yes please.
what is this thing called the urinary system?
the organs tubes muscles and nerves
that work together to create store and carry urine
is the urinary system. but don't these organs and tubes have any name?
sure they do. the main part of the urinary system
are the kidneys. the kidneys are bean shaped organs about the size of your
fist.
they are near the middle of the back
just below the rib cage.
the ureters.
tubes leading from the kidneys to the bladder the bladder.
the bladder is a hollow muscular organ
shaped like a big balloon and
the urethra a tune leading from the bladder to the exterior of the
body.
the kidneys filter the blood
and remove waste producing a liquid called urine.
some people call it pee .
but remember the cleaned blood least kidneys
and travels throughout the body.
each kidney has millions of urine making units
known as Nephrons that filter the blood
that flows through the kidnies. after the Kidnies do their thing,
the urine is carried by two thin tubes called you ureters
down to the bladder. the ureters are about 8 to 10 inches long.
muscles in the ureter walls
constantly tighten and relax to force urin downwards
away from the kidnies. small amounts of urine
are emptied into the bladder from the ureters about every 10 to 15 seconds.
the bladder is a storage sack
that holds the urine when the bladder is about halfway full
your body tells you to go to the bathroom. then the bladder muscles go
into action
and the urine is released from the body through a tube called the uretra.
let me tell you something that is really interesting.
about a 150 liters or thirty three gallons of fluid
pass through your kidneys every day but 99 percent of this is cleaned
and goes back into your blood. so I guess that it is very important to try to take
care of
the urinary system.
it is very well-known
that aging taxes the urinary system
but a person can lessen the effects of aging on the urinary system
just like every other system in the body by following a healthy lifestyle.
This includes
rest, drinking lots of water,
no smoking, no alcohol, proper diet,
and exercise regularly.
the immune system. I'm not feeling good today.
let me call the immune system to find out more.
Telephone Ringing
Telephone Ringing
you have reached the immune system.
how can I help you today?
I've heard about the immune system and I would like to know more about it.
the immune system is our body's defense system.
the immune system is made up of a complex and vital network of cells and organs
that protect the body from infection.
The purpose of the immune system is to keep
all the infectious dirty rotten micro organisms
such as certain bacteria viruses and fungi
out of the body
and to destroy any infectious micro organisms
that do dare invade the body.
thank you very much. hold on hold on
there is a lot more to this the organs involved with the immune system
are called the lymphoid organs which effect growth
development and the release of lymphocytes.
lymphocytes a type of infection fighting
white blood cell that are produced
in the bone marrow. the blood vessels
and the lymphatic vessels carry the lymphocytes to and from
different areas in the body. each lymphoid organ
helps in the production and the activation of lymphocytes.
lymphoid organs include
of adenoids, two glance located at the back
of the nasal passage. appendix,
small tube that is connected to the large intestine.
blood vessels, arteries veins and capillaries through which blood flows.
bone marrow,
soft fatty tissue found in bone cavities
and lymph nodes,
small organs shaped like beans
located throughout the body and connect via the lymphatic vessels
lymphatic vessels,
network of channels throughout the body
that carries lymphocytes to the lymphoid organs and the bloodstream.
Peyer's patches,
is a lymphoid tissue in the small intestine.
spleen is a fist-sized
organ located in the abdominal cavity.
Thymus these are two lobes that joining in front of the trachea
behind the breastbone.
tonsils two oval masses in the back of the throat.
once the lymphocytes are initially formed,
some will continue to mature in the bone marrow and become
B cells. other lymphocytes will finish their maturation
in the thymus and become the T cells. B and T cells are the two major groups of
lymphocytes which recognize and attack
infectious microorganisms.
everyday your immune system does a battle
to keep you healthy and make you feel at your best. you need to try and take good care
of it.
here are some tips.
proper diet, regular exercise,
adequate sleep,
control stress,
the endocrine system.
glands are organs that run the endocrine system.
Hello! This is the endocrine system. How may I help you?
can you tell me what the endocrine system is all about?
the endocrine system is a collection of glands
that produces hormones which are necessary for normal bodily functions
this is a complex system.
keeps your body growing developing and working the way it's supposed to.
glands are small organs located throughout your body
that releases substances called the hormones.
these hormones influence almost every cell,
organ and function of our bodies. each type of gland has its own special
function.
for example,
they help in regulating mood, growth and development,
tissue function and metabolism as well as sexual function in reproductive
processes.
the major glands that make up the human endocrine system are
pineal gland. the pineal gland is located in the middle of the brain.
it secretes a hormon that may help regulate the wake sleep cycle.
pituitary.
allthough it's no bigger than a little Pea,
the pituitary gland located at the base of the brain
is considered the most important part Endocrine system.
it's sometimes called the master gland.
because it makes hormones that control several other endocrine glands.
hypothalamus. the hypothalamus links the nervous system
to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland.
the hypothalamus also controls body temperature
hunger and thirst.
Thyroid. the thyroid gland located in the front part of the lower neck is
shaped like a butterfly and usually weighs less than one ounce.
the thyroid gland controls the rate at which the body
produces energy from nutrients.
thyroid hormones also play a key role in the bone growth
and the development of the brain and nervous system
parathyroids attached to the thyroid
are 4 tiny that function together called the parathyroids.
they release parathyroid hormone
which regulates the level of calcium in the blood the parathyroid glands
located behind the thyroid controls the level of calcium in the blood.
calcium of course we know is very very important,
not only for the bones and the teath but also for nerve functioning,
muscle contraction, blood clotting and glandular secretion.
adrenalines. these are the triangle-shaped glands that sit above
the kidneys.
they are chiefly responsible for regulating the stress levels.
taking care. keeping the endocrine system healthy
healthy diet and exercise regular.
the system of the body respond well
to a healthy diet and regular exercise and the endocrine system is no exception.
reduce stress, combining exercise with proper amounts of asleep
relaxation techniques and lots of positive thinking
helps reduce stress and keeps the hormone levels balanced.
the skeleton system.
everyone has a skeleton. it's what makes you the shake you are.
this is made up of lots and lots of bones
an amazing 206. half of these
are in the hands and feet.
Telephone Ringing
Whats up? Yes please!
I have always wondered what the skeleton system is made up of?
the skeletal system is what keeps your body in shape,
protects her vital organs such as the heart brain and lungs
and enables you to move.
let me tell you something more about bones.
when you were a teeny, weeny baby. you have tiny hands,
tiny feet and tiny everything. slowly
as you grew older everything became a bit bigger
including your bones. a baby's body
has about 274 bones at Birth.
these eventually fuse or grow together to form the 206 bones that adults have.
these eventually fuse or grow together to form the 206 bones
that adults have. by the time you are about 25
this process will be complete. after this happens
there can be no more growth. these bones are made
as they ever will be all these bones make up a skeleton.
let's take a look at some of the major bones starting at the top.
the skull. the skull is the bony section of the head.
the skull protects the brain and provides attachments for muscles of the head and
neck.
the cervical vertebrae.
these are the seven vertebrae of the spine
that form the connection to this skull and the neck. the clavicle.
the clavicle is the collar bone. the sternum
is the breastbone a long narrow
flat bone that forms the center of the front at the chest.
the humerous.
the humerous is a long bone in the upper arm
that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. the vertebral column or spine.
the spine is a column of bone and cartilage
that extends from the base of the skull to the pelvis.
the spine is made up of approximately 33 bones called vertebrae.
it enclosed and protects the spinal cord
and supports the trunk of the body and the head the Ribs.
ribs are flat curved bones that form the framework of the chest
and makeup a cage to protect the heart and lungs.
there are twelve pairs of Ribs
each joined at the back of the cage to a vertebra in the spine.
the radius
is the shorter the two forearm bones. the ulna.
the ulna is the longer of the two bones of the forearm.
the pelvis.
the pelvis is a symmetric Telephone Ringing of bones at the base of the spine.
it also provides support for the rest the body above it.
it protects abdominal organs such the bladder,
rectum and in women the uterus. the femur.
the femur is the thigh bone, the longest bone in the body.
the patella. the patella
or kneecap is a triangular shaped bone at the front of the knee joint.
the tibia. it is also called the shinbone.
the tibia is the inner and thicker
of the two long bones in the lower leg. the fibula.
the fibular or the calf bone is the outer and thinner
of the two long bones in the lower leg.
phalanges the phalanges are the small bones that make up the fingers and the toes.
taking care of bones. your bones help you out every day.
so make sure you take care of them. here's some tips.
drink milk and eat other dairy products strengthen your skeleton by drinking
milk
and eating other dairy products like low-fat cheese,
frozen yogurt. they all contain calcium which help bones harden and become
really strong.
being active. this is another way to strengthen your bones
is through exercise like running, jumping,
dancing and playing.
wear the right protective equipment wear. a helmet when you ride a bike
or wear the right helmet when you play sports.
the muscular system.
one of the most amazing things about the human body is the incredible range of
movement and mobility it has.
Telephone Ringing
Telephone Ringing
Telephone Ringing
what are the functions of the muscular system? muscles perform
four important body functions. maintains bodies posture,
stabilize joins, provide movement,
so that we can move whenever we want.
this day to day activity is accomplished by our muscles
through the extraordinary and facinating ability
of converting chemical energy energy stored in nutrients
into mechanical energy, energy in movement.
they also help move food from one organ to another.
maintaining body temperature.
By generating heat that the body requires.
Wow! that's great. but how many muscles do we have?
you have more than 600 muscles in your body.
but there are three different kind of muscles in your body. smooth muscle,
cardiac muscle, and skeletal muscle.
smooth muscles are found in the body organs
and are at work all over your body.
these muscles are also called involuntary muscles,
because you can't control this type of muscle.
your brain and body tells these muscles what to do
without you even thinking about it.
for example,
in your stomach in the digestive system these muscles contract
tighten up and relax to allow food to make its journey through the body.
this way you do not have to focus on digesting your food.
it happens all by itself.
cardiac muscle. the muscle that makes up the heart is called cardiac muscle.
just like smooth muscles these are also
involuntary muscles and work all by themselves with no help from you.
this way we do not think about a heartbeat constantly.
think how bad it would be to have to consciously and constantly
tell your heart to beat
and what if you forget. Ooh! you see,
cardiac muscle. Hurray! the thick muscles of the heart
contract to pump blood out and then relax
to let blood back in after it's circulated through the body
skeletal muscles.
the skeletal muscles are the only voluntary muscles
of your body. which means
you can control what they do the skeleton muscle covers the bony skeleton
and together to give your body power and strength skeletal muscles come in many
different sizes and shapes
to allow them to do many types of jobs. these are the kind of muscle you think of
when we say
muscle. the skeleton muscle shows how strong you are
and also allow you to control your body movements.
for example, you kick the soccer ball into the goal
exercise and weight training can help you increase the skeleton muscle size.
keeping the muscular system healthy.
here are some tips: exercise,
aerobic exercises help to strengthen the heart and lungs
you can walk you can cycle you can swim
you can run and climbing stairs can be really fun.
for example, walking,
jogging, cycling, swimming and climbing stairs
are just a few examples of aerobic activity.
exercise that increases the size and strength of muscles
are called anaerobic exercises. example
strength training or weightlifting and sprinting.
when combined with exercise the following also help the muscular system.
proper nutrition. leafy vegetables and whole grains
and yummy fruit.
drinking enough water, adequate rest and
stress reduction and no tension.
Hey Folks! Did you enjoy learning about
how our fabulous human body works? I'm sure you loved it.
imagin understanding something that is there in us
which was always with us from the day we were born.
such an important thing to now well.
hope you had fun and catch you next time Goodbye!