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  • Have you heard of IEEE 802.3?

    您聽說過 IEEE 802.3 嗎?

  • It has a long history and has to do with our topic today, Ethernet.

    它有著悠久的歷史,與我們今天的主題 "以太網 "有關。

  • before we get into today's video

    在我們進入今天的視頻之前

  • if you love our videos,

    如果您喜歡我們的視頻

  • be sure to click the like button below.

    請務必點擊下面的 "喜歡 "按鈕。

  • then, make sure to click subscribe

    然後,請務必點擊訂閱

  • and the little bell to receive notifications of new RealPars videos.

    和小鈴鐺,以接收新的 RealPars 視頻通知。

  • This way you never miss another one!

    這樣你就不會再錯過任何一次了!

  • Ethernet is a communication standard

    以太網是一種通信標準

  • that was developed in the early '80s to network computers and other devices

    於 80 年代初開發,用於將計算機和其他設備聯網

  • in a local environment such as a home or a building.

    在當地環境中,如家庭或建築物中。

  • This local environment is defined as a LAN (Local Area Network)

    這種在地環境被定義為局域網(LAN)

  • and it connects multiple devices so that they can create,

    它還能連接多個設備,使它們能夠進行創作、

  • store and share information with others in the location.

    存儲資訊並與位置上的其他人共享資訊。

  • Ethernet is a wired system

    以太網是一種有線系統

  • that started with using coaxial cable

    從使用同軸電纜開始

  • and has successfully progressed to now using twisted pair copper wiring

    併成功發展到現在使用雙絞線銅纜佈線

  • and fiber optic wiring.

    和光纖佈線。

  • Let's break for a trivia question.

    讓我們來回答一個小問題。

  • Who invented twisted pair wiring?

    誰發明了雙絞線?

  • Alexander Graham Bell invented twisted pair wiring in 1881.

    亞歷山大-格雷厄姆-貝爾於 1881 年發明了雙絞線。

  • In 1983, Ethernet was standardized

    1983 年,以太網標準化

  • into the standard IEEE 802.3

    納入標準的 IEEE 802.3

  • by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE).

    由電氣和電子工程師學會 (IEEE) 頒發。

  • This standard defined the physical layer

    該標準定義了物理層

  • and the MAC (media access control) portion of the data link layer of wired Ethernet.

    以及有線以太網數據鏈路層的 MAC(媒體訪問控制)部分。

  • These two layers are defined as the first two layers

    這兩層被定義為前兩層

  • in the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model

    在 OSI(開放系統互連)模型中

  • Thephysicallayer consists of the following components:

    物理 "層由以下部分組成:

  • Cabling and Devices.

    佈線和設備。

  • First, let's take a look at Ethernet Cabling;

    首先,讓我們來看看以太網布線;

  • As stated previously, Ethernet cables come as coaxial cable,

    如前所述,以太網電纜是同軸電纜、

  • which is not very common except in older installations,

    除了在老式設備中,這種情況並不常見、

  • twisted pair, and fiber optic.

    雙絞線和光纖。

  • The most common cable is twisted pair cables,

    最常見的電纜是雙絞線、

  • with the latest being Category 6 with speeds up to 1 Gbps

    最新的是 6 類,速度高達 1 Gbps

  • and Cat6a and Cat 7 with speeds up to 10 Gbps.

    以及 Cat6a 和 Cat 7,速度可達 10 Gbps。

  • Category 5 and 5e cables are both still used in many existing applications

    5 類和 5e 類電纜在許多現有應用中仍在使用

  • but handle the lower speeds between 10 Mbps

    但可處理 10 Mbps 之間的較低速度

  • to 100 Mbps but are more susceptible to noise.

    但更易受噪聲影響。

  • The Ethernet twisted pair utilizes RJ-45 eight-pin connectors

    以太網雙絞線使用 RJ-45 八針連接器

  • at either end of the cable that is pinned for transmitting

    電纜兩端的針腳用於傳輸數據

  • and receiving data in either half or full-duplex mode.

    以半雙工或全雙工模式接收數據。

  • Half-duplex transmits data in one direction at a time

    半雙工一次向一個方向傳輸數據

  • whilefull-duplexallows data to be transmitted

    而 "全雙工 "允許傳輸數據

  • in both directions at the same time.

    同時向兩個方向移動。

  • Full-duplex in Ethernet can be achieved by using two pairs of wires

    以太網中的全雙工可通過使用兩對導線來實現

  • to allow data to travel both directions simultaneously.

    使數據可以同時雙向傳輸。

  • Fiber optic cable uses glass or plastic optical fiber

    光纖電纜使用玻璃或塑膠光纖

  • as a conduit for light pulses to transmit data.

    作為光脈衝傳輸數據的通道。

  • It has allowed Ethernet to travel farther distances at higher speeds.

    它使以太網能夠以更高的速度傳輸更遠的距離。

  • Fiber optic cables use several different types of connectors

    光纖電纜使用幾種不同類型的連接器

  • that vary depending on your application needs.

    這取決於您的應用需求。

  • Some of the different types are SFP

    其中一些不同類型包括 SFP

  • (Small Form Pluggable or Small Factor Pluggable)

    (小型可插拔系統或小型可插拔系統)

  • and SC (Subscriber Connector, also known as Square Connector or Standard Connector).

    和 SC(用戶連接器,又稱方形連接器或標準連接器)。

  • In order to use fiber optic in an Ethernet network

    為了在以太網網絡中使用光纖

  • that utilizes twisted pair Ethernet cabling,

    使用雙絞線以太網電纜、

  • you need to use an Ethernet to fiber converter

    您需要使用以太網到光纖轉換器

  • that will allow your network to take advantage of the higher speeds of fiber optic

    這將使您的網絡能夠利用光纖的更高速度

  • and lengthen the distance that the Ethernet network can reach.

    並延長以太網網絡的傳輸距離。

  • How about the Ethernet devices?

    以太網設備如何?

  • Ethernet devices are consist of computers,

    以太網設備由計算機組成、

  • printers or any device which either have an internal NIC

    打印機或任何有內置網卡的設備

  • (Network Interface Card)

    (網絡接口卡)

  • or an external one that is USB or PCI based.

    或基於 USB 或 PCI 的外置設備。

  • SwitchesandRoutersthat act as the director of the network

    "作為網絡指揮的 "交換機 "和 "路由器

  • and connect multiple computers

    並連接多臺計算機

  • or even networks together to enable communication

    甚至是網絡一起實現通信

  • between all the different devices.

    所有不同設備之間的連接。

  • GatewaysorBridgesare used to connect multiple Ethernet networks together

    "網關 "或 "網橋 "用於將多個以太網網絡連接在一起

  • and allow communication across them.

    並允許在它們之間進行通信。

  • Gateways connect two dissimilar networks together

    網關將兩個不同的網絡連接在一起

  • while a bridge connects two similar networks together

    橋接器將兩個相似的網絡連接在一起

  • so that you only see one network.

    這樣你就只能看到一個網絡。

  • Now that we have discussed the basic physical components of Ethernet,

    現在我們已經討論了以太網的基本物理組件、

  • let's move into the second layer of the OSI model, thedata linklayer.

    讓我們進入 OSI 模型的第二層,即 "數據鏈路 "層。

  • The data link layer can be split into two sections;

    數據鏈路層可分為兩部分;

  • the Logical Link Control (LLC)

    邏輯鏈路控制(LLC)

  • and the Media Access Control (MAC).

    和媒體訪問控制 (MAC)。

  • The Logical Link Control establishes paths for data

    邏輯鏈路控制為數據建立路徑

  • on the Ethernet to transmit between devices.

    通過以太網在設備間傳輸數據。

  • The Media Access Control uses hardware addresses

    媒體訪問控制使用硬件地址

  • that are assigned to Network Interface Cards (NIC)

    分配給網絡接口卡(NIC)的數據

  • to identify a specific computer or device

    識別特定的計算機或設備

  • to show the source and destination of data transmissions.

    以顯示數據傳輸的來源和目的地。

  • Ethernet transmits data packets in this data link layer

    以太網在此數據鏈路層傳輸數據包

  • by using an algorithm called CSMA/CD

    使用一種稱為 CSMA/CD 的算法

  • (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection).

    (載波偵測多路存取與碰撞檢測)。

  • CSMA/CD is used as a standard for Ethernet

    CSMA/CD 被用作以太網的標準

  • to reduce data collisions and increase successful data transmission.

    以減少數據碰撞,提高數據傳輸的成功率。

  • The algorithm first checks to see if there is traffic on the network.

    算法首先會檢查網絡上是否有流量。

  • If it does not find any,

    如果找不到

  • it will send out the first bit of information to see if a collision will occur.

    它將發送第一個資訊比特,以確定是否會發生碰撞。

  • If this first bit is successful,

    如果第一位成功、

  • then it will send out the other bits while still testing for collisions.

    然後,它將發送其他比特,同時仍在測試碰撞。

  • If a collision occurs, the algorithm calculates a waiting time

    如果發生碰撞,算法會計算等待時間

  • and then starts the process all over again

    然後重新開始

  • until the full transmission is complete.

    直到全部傳輸完成。

  • When you use the faster Ethernets in full-duplex modes

    在全雙工模式下使用速度更快的以太網時

  • and incorporate switches,

    並納入開關、

  • then you are utilizing a star topology

    那麼您使用的是星形拓撲結構

  • between the switch ports and the devices.

    交換機端口和設備之間的連接。

  • This allows for more direct transmission paths and fewer collisions

    這使得傳輸路徑更直接,碰撞更少

  • as compared to a bus topology where all devices share the same paths.

    與總線拓撲相比,所有設備共享相同的路徑。

  • Ethernet capabilities are quickly changing with new technologies emerging every day.

    以太網功能日新月異,新技術層出不窮。

  • And while we are currently on the brink of successfully moving into speeds higher

    雖然我們目前正處於成功邁向更高速度的邊緣

  • than the current 1 Gbps with 10 Gbps emerging over the last few years,

    比目前的 1 Gbps 更快,而 10 Gbps 則是在過去幾年中出現的、

  • these new Ethernet technologies will be costly.

    這些新的以太網技術將耗資巨大。

  • Also, your possibilities for the information world

    此外,您在資訊世界的可能性

  • can seem endless when you connect this Ethernet local area network

    當您連接這個以太網局域網時

  • to the internet to create a very large WAN (Wide Area Network).

    連接到互聯網,形成一個非常大的 WAN(廣域網)。

  • But that is a story for another day.

    但這是後話了。

  • All in all, Ethernet is popular

    總而言之,以太網很受歡迎

  • because it strikes a good balance between speed,

    因為它在速度之間取得了很好的平衡、

  • cost, and ease of installation.

    成本和安裝簡便性。

  • These benefits, combined with wide acceptance in the computer marketplace

    這些優勢,加上在計算機市場上的廣泛認可

  • and the ability to support virtually all popular network protocols.

    並能支持幾乎所有流行的網絡協議。

  • Want to learn PLC programming in an easy to understand format

    希望以通俗易懂的方式學習 PLC 編程

  • and take your career to the next level?

    讓您的職業生涯更上一層樓?

  • Head on over to realpars.com

    請訪問 realpars.com

Have you heard of IEEE 802.3?

您聽說過 IEEE 802.3 嗎?

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