I don't think of them as distinct parts of what I do.

這兩種身分對我而言是分不開的

When I run the lab I feel like I'm teaching the graduate students and the postdocs partly by example, partly “we're all in this together.”

在我掌管的實驗室裡，我不僅是以身作則地指導，我也和這些碩博生一起成長

And I think that they go together.

我想這兩點始終是密不可分的

My hope is that when people leave this lab they're stronger, better people.

我的期許是當學生踏出這間實驗室，他們已更加茁壯、蛻變成更好的人

That they're leaders themselves—and that, in fact, has happened.

他們自己就是領導者，而這確實也實現了

I mean we have over 300 people who have left the lab who are professors who lead their own lab;

在所有結業的學生之中，有超過 300 名教授，他們也帶領著自己的實驗室，

We've had many people leave the lab who've become presidents of companies,

也有人在離開後成為公司總裁、

who've started their own companies, who've become CEOs.

有人自己創立公司者、有人成為執行長，

So they've become leaders, and that's what I love to see.

他們都成為領導者，這點我樂觀其成

Well I don't know that there's any one set of qualities.

我並不認為這些人共有一套標準特質

I've seen leaders succeed in different ways, but to me the kinds of things I think I probably do

我見過各式各樣的成功領導，但有件事我很重視，

are try to impart to the people who work for me or work with me the fact

我會試著向部屬及同事傳達這項理念：

that you want to make an impact on the world, you want to make it a better place, you want to treat people well.

你要努力對這世界有正面影響並善待他人，

And you want to really think that almost anything is possible.

你要相信自己幾乎能夠達成每一件事

And I guess finally the way I try to deal with people for the most part is try to provide

總而言之，對於周遭的人，我很希望傳達一種

what I'll call positive reinforcement.

我所謂的「積極強化」

If somebody does something good I want to let them know it rather than, say, yelling at them and saying, “You should work harder!”

我會讓表現優秀的人知道他們做得很好，而不會對某人大吼：「你應該加倍努力！」

I want people to work hard because they want to, not because they have to.

我希望大家打從心裡想要認真工作，而不是出於強迫

Well the way I try to foster this idea of discovery and invention is partly by example.

關於強化創新發明的概念，我的方法有部分是利用實例

If somebody comes in and they're doing a thesis I try to get them to think about “Well, what will be important?”

當有學生拿著論文來找我，我總會引導他們去思考什麼才是問題核心

I might shape it in some very general way, but I want people to just think.

也許我不會那麼直接，但我希望他們動腦思考

I don't want to just say, “Here, do this,” I want to be a guide.

我不會只說：「來，你研究這個就好」；我要做的是引導的角色

Another way I sometimes think about it is this—because I'm dealing with graduate students and postdocs—

有時我也會這麼想，因為我面對的是碩士生還有博士後研究員，

So the way I often think about it is if somebody is a graduate student or a postdoctoral fellow,

因此我會考慮到他們

almost their entire life up until then they've been judged,

人生中幾乎每一天都得面對外頭的評價，

say by grades or other means, by how well they give answers to other people's questions.

不管是藉由學業成績或是其他方法，被評判的標準在於他們有多少能力去回應其他人的問題

But in life, in my opinion, what's really important is not the answers that you might give,

然而在我看來，人生中真正重要的並非你給出的答案，

though that's important, but the really important thing is the questions you ask.

雖然那也挺重要的，但都比不上你提出的問題；後者才是核心所在

Are you asking really important questions, or are you asking medium-important questions,

你的問題是切中核心、是重要性中等，

or unimportant questions?

還是根本無關緊要？

I think the key to it is to help somebody go from “somebody who gives good answers”

我認為關鍵在於幫助某人從「給出好答案」

to “somebody who asks good questions.”

進化成「提出好問題」

Because in the end questions are going to be what's key.

因為最終，「問題」才是關鍵

So that's really what I want to see.

我想成就的是這點