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  • I want to talk to you today about toilets.

    今天我想和大家談談廁所的問題。

  • In rich countries you just take the toilet for granted.

    在富裕的國家,你只是把廁所當成了理所當然。

  • It's magical that there is a sewer system bringing water in,

    很神奇的是,有一個下水道系統將水引入。

  • taking away the waste and it all gets cleaned up in a processing plant.

    把廢物帶走,然後在加工廠裡全部清理乾淨。

  • However, for the poorest two and a half billion in the world,

    然而,對於世界上最貧窮的25億人來說。

  • they don't have this.

    他們沒有這個。

  • It's unaffordable.

    這是無法承受的。

  • We can't build that for everyone in the world.

    我們不能為世界上每一個人建造。

  • For some of the poorest, their toilet may look like this:

    對於一些最貧窮的人來說,他們的廁所可能是這樣的。

  • a pit latrine.

    坑式廁所。

  • The waste here is not processed.

    這裡的垃圾沒有經過處理。

  • It's still going to get out into the community.

    還是要到社會上去的。

  • They smell terrible!

    他們聞起來很臭!

  • But everybody should have great sanitation.

    但每個人都應該有很好的衛生條件。

  • A toilet in their house that is comfortable and doesn't smell awful.

    他們家的廁所,既舒服又不會有難聞的味道。

  • Not only does a toilet make your life comfortable,

    馬桶不僅能讓你的生活變得舒適。

  • getting rid of that waste is key to human health.

    擺脫這些廢物是人類健康的關鍵。

  • It's unprocessed waste that causes most of the diarrheal diseases.

    是未經處理的廢物導致了大部分的腹瀉疾病。

  • It ends up with lots of kids being malnourished.

    最後導致很多孩子營養不良。

  • So how do we solve this?

    那麼我們該如何解決這個問題呢?

  • Well some scientists that I work with

    一些和我一起工作的科學家

  • said that we should challenge the world

    說,我們應該向世界挑戰

  • to come up with a way of taking the waste and processing it locally.

    想出一個辦法,把廢物就地處理。

  • We call this the program to reinvent the toilet.

    我們稱之為重塑廁所的計劃。

  • Several reinvented toilets are being tested right now in Durban, South Africa.

    目前,南非德班正在測試幾款改造後的馬桶。

  • Durban's a good place to run these tests

    德班是進行這些測試的好地方。

  • because the city is growing fast,

    因為這個城市發展很快。

  • and many people there don't have modern sanitation

    而且那裡的許多人沒有現代化的衛生設施。

  • which means that even if they have access to a toilet,

    這意味著,即使他們有機會上廁所。

  • the waste can get into the environment and make people sick.

    廢物會進入環境,使人生病。

  • A typical toilet needs water,

    典型的馬桶需要水。

  • but many of the new approaches don't require any water at all.

    但許多新方法根本不需要任何水。

  • Some of them don't need electricity either.

    有些人也不需要電。

  • Others run on solar power.

    還有一些是靠太陽能運行的。

  • All of them remove the pathogens from the waste.

    它們都能清除廢物中的病原體。

  • And most importantly,

    而最重要的是。

  • they don't have to be connected to the city sewer system.

    他們不必連接到城市下水道系統。

  • I'm optimistic that eventually we'll find approaches

    我很樂觀地認為,最終我們會找到的方法

  • that make great sanitation available to everyone.

    讓每個人都能享受到良好的衛生條件;

I want to talk to you today about toilets.

今天我想和大家談談廁所的問題。

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