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  • You're all ready to make the sandwich of your dreams.

    你已經準備好要做你的夢幻三明治了。

  • Turkey, tomato, and Swiss on a bed of romaine lettuce sandwiched between two slices of sourdough.

    火雞肉片、番茄、瑞士乳酪放在羅美生菜上,夾在兩片酸麵包間。

  • Classic, but oh no!

    真是經典,但噢不!

  • What's this? Mold? Ugh.

    這是什麼?黴菌?呃。

  • But look, good news, the mold's only on part of the bread so I could just cut that away and be fine, right?

    但看看,好消息是那黴菌只在一部份的麵包上,我直接把發霉部分切掉就好了,對吧?

  • There's no such thing as a clean part of moldy bread.

    沒有所謂發霉麵包上乾淨的部分。

  • That's because mold is a fungus like mushrooms.

    因為黴菌就像香菇一樣是菌類。

  • The caps on the surface are easy enough to spot, but there's a vast network of subterranean roots called hyphae that you can't see.

    表面上的菌傘很容易發現,但是底下的根交織成一片廣大網絡,那叫做「菌絲」,而且是你看不見的。

  • So let's take another look at that bread of yours.

    所以讓我們再來看看你那片麵包。

  • Ugh, disgusting.

    呃,真噁心。

  • Well, maybe you can just grab another piece from the same loaf.

    好吧,也許你可以直接從同一袋吐司中拿另一片。

  • Well, that's not such a good idea, either.

    嗯,那也不是個很好的主意。

  • Because by the time the mold sprouts its fuzzy head, what you're really seeing is the reproductive part of the mold called sporangiums.

    因為當黴菌毛茸茸的覆蓋物長出來時,你所看到的是已經再生過的黴菌叫做「孢子囊」。

  • Each sporangium releases tens of thousands of spores, so even though you can't see it, that entire loaf could be teeming with fungus.

    每個孢子囊都會釋放出數以萬計的孢子,所以雖然你看不見,那整條吐司可能長滿了菌。

  • But it seems like such a waste to just throw it out.

    但整個丟掉又好像很浪費。

  • After all, you eat mold on purpose all the time like the mold that goes into making cheese, soy sauce, and even life-saving antibiotics like penicillin.

    最終,你總是會吃到黴菌的,像是你吃的起司、醬油都是黴菌做的,甚至能救命的抗生素盤尼西林也是黴菌做的。

  • Eating a little bit on your bread can't be that bad, right?

    吃一點你麵包上的不會怎麼樣吧?

  • Well, ultimately, it's a gamble.

    總而言之,這是在賭博。

  • Just like eating a wild mushroom.

    就像吃野生香菇。

  • Many are fine, but some can be deadly.

    許多都是可食用的,但有些卻會致命。

  • Mold is the same way.

    黴菌也是同樣的。

  • There are thousands of different species of mold, many of which are harmless to humans.

    有上千種不同的黴菌,許多對人類都是無害的。

  • But since so many types can sprout up on food, it's nearly impossible to know if what you're eating is safe.

    但由於許多種都能在食物中長出,幾乎不可能知道你吃的那種是否安全。

  • Cladosporium, for example, can sometimes trigger allergies but is generally harmless, whereas other molds like Penicillium Crustosum produce harmful poisons called Mycotoxins.

    例如,枝孢菌屬有時會引發過敏反應,但大體來說是無害的,然而其他黴菌像是貼皮狀青黴會產生有害的毒素,叫做「黴菌毒素」。

  • An elderly couple in 2005, for example, was admitted to the hospital after eating a can of soup contaminated with this kind of mold.

    例如在 2005 年時,一對年老的夫妻被送進醫院,因為他們喝了一碗被這種菌污染的湯。

  • They had severe muscle tremors but eventually recovered.

    他們的肌肉嚴重的顫抖,所幸最後恢復健康了。

  • But other molds, like Rhizopus Stolonifer, can have permanent effects, and you might recognize this mold since it commonly grows on bread.

    但其他黴菌,像是「黑根霉」可能會有永久的影響,而你可能能認出這種黴菌,因為牠經常在麵包上長出。

  • Blue green with black splotches and super fuzzy.

    藍綠色且有黑色的污點,超級毛茸茸。

  • In rare cases, it can prompt a deadly infection called Zygomycosis, which causes your blood to clot and can ultimately starve your cells of oxygen to the point that they die.

    少數的情況下,它可能會引起叫做「接合菌綱」的致命感染,使你的血液凝結成塊,並最終讓你的細胞缺氧直到細胞死亡。

  • And it's not like bacteria, where a little heat will eliminate the threat, because high temperatures won't break down the Mycotoxins.

    而這不像細菌,一點熱就能消除細菌的威脅,因為高溫並不能消除「黴菌毒素」。

  • And since you have no clue which one you're about to put in your mouth, ask yourself: is it really worth the risk?

    而因為你完全不知道你放入口中的會是哪一種黴菌,問問你自己 : 真的值得冒這種風險嗎?

You're all ready to make the sandwich of your dreams.

你已經準備好要做你的夢幻三明治了。

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