Let's talk shutter speed, aperture, ISO,

all three things that you need to know how to use

without even thinking about it if you're doing photography.

Let's compare it to this bowl of cereal.

Let's call it the shutter speed.

I could eat it like this.

It's not the best, but it works.

It's definitely better now.

Let's call that milk the aperture.

But I'm still missing something.

A spoon.

Now all three, a much better experience.

I can enjoy this cereal the way it was meant to be enjoyed.

It's gonna work better for me.

It's easier to eat.

Tastes better.

Makes sense.

All three things compliment each other perfectly.

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What's up everybody?

Peter McKinnon here.

And welcome back to yet another Two Minute Tuesday.

It's so great to have you here

and see all of your smiling faces.

Today we're talking camera basics.

Gonna try and keep it to two minutes.

Can't make any promises.

But I'm feeling good about it.

The cereal analogy to help those of you that don't

understand that shutter speed, aperture, and ISO

all compliment each other.

You can't use one without using the other properly.

You need all three of them.

So to take great photos and be fully manual

and proficient with your camera, your new camera,

or maybe your old camera, maybe you're getting back

into photography.

Those three things, that's six.

Those three things are super important

and they go together.

So let's start with shutter speed.

Shutter speed controls so many aspects of photography.

If you wanna get someone running fast pace

and you wanna stop that action

and make sure that photo's clear.

Maybe you're taking photo's of your kids

or your pets and they're running around really fast,

and you wanna make sure that they're not blurry,

having a high shutter speed opens that shutter

and closes it really, really fast, stopping the action.

So let's throw two minutes on the clock.

Good luck to me.

So breaking it down one by one.

Shutter speed.

Here's an example of me just doing

a straight up jumping jack to keep things easy.

We'll shoot this at one over 320.

So that's 320th of a second.

(camera click)

Boom, that's super fast.

You'll notice everything is nice and sharp.

Good to go.

Now, if we shoot that photo again,

let's drop the shutter down to a 60th.

That's much slower.

(camera click)

So it's opening and closing over more time.

But that also let's my limbs and things move in frame

because that shutter's not capturing it fast enough.

So you'll notice there's a bit of image blur.

A good example of a shutter speed moving from fast to slow.

Is take a look at this small little water fall here

with the water pouring over.

A fast shutter speed stops that action.

You can see the water clearly.

But if you slow that shutter speed down to even like

half a second it captures half a second of that flow

of water making it look like this.

So you can see how shutter speeds affect

not only just portraits but landscapes

and other items as well.

Now aperture kind of has two uses in photography.

Yes, it lets a ton of light in so you can get those

nice bright images and have fast shutter speeds.

But it's also gonna change what's happening

in the background.

If you're shooting a landscape, you wanna be able

to see that whole entire landscape

sharp, perfectly clear, good to go.

So you wanna make sure that aperture

is something like eight or 11 or 22 or really, really high

to make sure you're capturing detail.

So look at this portrait for example.

This was captured with the aperture at F14

is what it is called.

So that's a really, really, small opening of light.

But all the detail is there.

Everything in the background.

But we don't wanna see all this stuff in the background.

It's not the most pleasing background.

So if we open that aperture all the way up

as wide as it goes to 1.4, it's gonna make everything

in the background not in focus.

Now, we're gonna have tons of light coming in

because it's opened all the way.

So we'll have to make that shutter speed faster,

so it's not capturing as much light.

And then when you combine those two things together

you get an image like this.

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The background is more shallow.

It puts more focus on the subject.

The portrait, the item that you're shooting,

the person that you're shooting.

And that's where those two things come together.

Now, like we've mentioned before different lenses

are going to give you different results.

Not every single lens can open up super wide.

Some are longer than others.

Some are short.

There's a myriad of different lenses

that do different effects.

That's why we change lenses.

That's why certain lenses evoke certain emotions.

That's why certain lenses are used for sports.

Certain lenses are used for documentaries and movies.

And that's what makes this whole art form fun.

Because there's so many different tools

to tell so many different types of stories.

Depending on what you're interested in.

Now where ISO comes into play

is mostly in low light situations, indoors, at night.

And then on top of that if we don't have enough light,

we can crank up the ISO.

For those of you who used to shoot film

back in the film days, you would buy certain ISO films.

400 ISO film, 800 ISO film.

The best way to explain ISO it's kinda like explaining

it as fake light.

It's the sensitivity to the image sensor.

The actual device in your camera

that's capturing the photo.

When we're changing the ISO we're changing the

sensitivity of that sensor to light.

So just think of it as fake light.

You're inside, you've got your shutter speed

where you want it,

your aperture is as wide open as it can be

but you still need a little more light.

But if you got nothing else you can crank that ISO

and technically ad fake light to your photo.

It brightens it up.

But with each increment of ISO

the brighter it gets, the more you use it,

the worse the image becomes.

The more grainy it becomes.

The more pixilated it becomes.

Noisy images is what it's commonly referred to.

Now the better the camera is

the better they are in low light.

The higher ISO's they can shoot at without getting

grainy or noisy.

So my recommendation to you is that if you

are beginning in photography

and you are learning these things,

learn them well.

Make sure that you know your aperture,

your shutter speed, and your ISO.

When you know those three things so well

you can look at a scene, you can look at a photo

and instantly say, oh my shutter speed was too high,

oh my aperture wasn't opened wide enough,

that lens isn't fast enough.

I could probably bump the ISO.

When you know by just by looking at a photo

how to fix it, that's when you should move on

to the next step.

It's like any other skill in your life

that you've just forgotten about.

When you put your shoes on you don't think about

how you're putting them on.

You just put them on and you go.

So that's it for me guys.

I hope you liked this video.

I hope you got something out of it.

I'm gonna try and sprinkle in camera basics videos

here and there.

There's a large audience.

I don't think everyone's at the same skill set.

So I think it's important to try to kinda curate

some of this content to help people

that are further along, and people that are just starting

or somewhere in the middle.

Or maybe not sure if they're interested.

And that's the reason for a video like this

because I realized I don't have anything

like this.

So I hope it helped you out.

Hit that like button if you did.

Subscribe if you aren't already.

And, and, I will see you guys in the next video.

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