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  • 71% of the earth is covered in water, but only 2% of that water is pure.

    地球表面有 71% 都被水覆蓋,但可飲用的淡水卻只占了 2%

  • As clean drinking water becomes more scarce,

    當乾淨的飲用水變得越來越少

  • you may be wondering what happens if I drink seawater.

    你可能會開始思考如果喝海水的話會發生什麼事?

  • Let's first examine how our bodies absorb water.

    就先讓我們來了解一下我們的身體是如何吸收水分的吧!

  • You may remember the process of osmosis where water moves from

    你大概還記得滲透作用,這個機制可以

  • a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution through a semipermeable membrane.

    讓水透過半透膜從低濃度的地方流到高濃度的地方

  • The cell's membrane allows water to pass through, but not the particles dissolved in water like salt.

    細胞膜可以讓水分子通過,但溶在水中的粒子像是鹽卻會被阻擋在外

  • Normally the saltiness of water inside ourselves is the same as the saltiness outside ourselves.

    正常來說細胞膜內外的鹽度應該會是相同的

  • When you drink water, a concentration difference takes place.

    但當你喝水時,濃度就會產生變化

  • Water from the outside of your cell moves inside to maintain balance.

    細胞外的水會流到細胞內以維持濃度的平衡

  • This is called an isotonic state.

    我們稱之為等滲壓的狀態

  • When you drink too much seawater, the saltiness outside your cells will increase rapidly

    當你喝下過多的海水,細胞外的鹽度就會急遽上升

  • and the cells force water molecules out in order to restore balance.

    此時細胞就會強迫讓水分子流到細胞外以恢復平衡

  • So, even if you are already dehydrated, drinking seawater will cause your cells to release more water

    所以即使你已經脫水了,喝海水也只會讓更多水分從細胞流出

  • and you will end up peeing out more liquid than you take in.

    最後你藉由尿液所排出的水分也只會比你喝進去的多

  • Conversely, if you chug a massive amount of pure water, the exact opposite will happen.

    反之如果你突然喝下大量的純水,情況就會完全相反

  • The saltiness outside your cells will decrease rapidly and water will be forced into your cells.

    細胞外的鹽度會馬上下降,水分子也會被迫進入細胞內

  • This can cause cells to swell and burst which in extreme cases leads to seizures, coma, and sometimes death.

    這可能會造成細胞腫脹並破裂,再嚴重一點甚至會引發癲癇、昏迷、甚至是死亡

  • So what can you do if you are stranded on a deserted island with absolutely no fresh water around?

    那如果你被困在一座四周沒有淡水的荒蕪之島該怎麼辦呢?

  • The simplest way to extract fresh clean water from the ocean

    想要從海水裡得到可飲用的水,最簡單的方式

  • is through distillation which separates the salt from the water.

    就是運用蒸餾來將海水裡的鹽跟水分離

  • In order to distill water, you must heat the seawater so it evaporates.

    為了要把水蒸餾出來,你必須先加熱使海水蒸發

  • Then trap the evaporated water vapor until it cools and condenses back into liquid water.

    再將這些蒸發後的水氣收集起來,並等到他冷卻凝結變回液態水

  • Kind of like the moisture on your bathroom mirror after a hot shower.

    有點像是你在浴室洗完熱水澡後鏡子上的水氣

  • This condense water will be free of all salt and be 100% safe to drink.

    這種冷凝水就完全沒有鹽,也可以百分之百安心飲用

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