So I've been talking about modal verbs

所以我一直在談論情態動詞

over the last few weeks, about all of their different uses.

在過去的幾周裡，關於它們的所有不同用途。

Now, don't worry if you missed out on them,

現在，如果你錯過了他們，不要擔心。

the links are right here.

鏈接就在這裡。

But one way to make sure that you don't miss out on

但有一種方法可以確保你不會錯過以下內容

any of my weekly English lessons here is to subscribe!

我的任何每週的英語課程在這裡是訂閱!

Subscribe by clicking the red button down there.

點擊下面的紅色按鈕進行訂閱。

You'll get a message telling you as soon as

你會收到一條消息，告訴你一旦

there's a new lesson here on the mmmEnglish channel,

這裡有一個新的課程 在mmm英語頻道。

so you can keep studying with me and keep up-to-date

這樣你就可以跟我一起學習，跟上時代的步伐了

with all of the new lessons.

與所有的新課。

Okay so we've been talking about modal verbs a lot

好了，我們已經討論了很多關於情態動詞的問題。

and in this lesson

而在本課

I want to focus on the way

我想關注的是

that they sound when they're spoken.

他們說話時的聲音。

So this is a pronunciation lesson.

所以這是一堂發音課。

That means you have to be ready to join in!

這意味著你要做好加入的準備!

Say the words out loud with me.

和我一起大聲說出來。

You must do this!

你必須這樣做！

Well, you must do it

好吧，你必須這樣做

if you want to improve your pronunciation

如果你想提高你的發音

and I'm pretty sure that you do.

我敢肯定，你做的。

Let's get our modal verbs up on the screen.

讓我們把我們的情態動詞放在螢幕上。

We've got could, should, would, may, might, can, will,

我們有可能，應該，會，可能，可能，能，會。

must and shall.

必須和應。

For the record, I hardly ever use shall

鄭重聲明，我很少用shall

and amongst all of my native English speaking

在我所有以英語為母語的人中

friends and family,

朋友和家人。

I hardly ever hear it.

我幾乎沒有聽到過。

It's quite formal

很正式的

and perhaps even a little old-fashion now.

甚至可能現在有點老氣橫秋。

It's the kind of thing that I would hear

這是我會聽到的那種事情。

my English grandma say

英語奶奶說

but not my friends.

但不是我的朋友。

So I'm actually just going to remove it from this lesson.

所以，我其實只是要把它從這節課中刪除。

I'm going to get in trouble for that!

我會是以惹上麻煩的!

But I want to focus this pronunciation lesson

但我想把這堂發音課的重點放在...

on contractions

關於收縮

and 'shall' is very rarely contracted anyway.

而'應'是非常罕見的合同反正。

And one final disclaimer.

還有最後一個免責聲明。

You are practising with me and my

你在和我一起練習，還有我的

Australian accent here,

澳洲口音在這裡。

which is a reasonably standard one

這是一個合理的標準

but there are differences between

但兩者有別

native English-speaking accents.

以英語為母語的口音；

Okay enough of that,

好了，夠了。

let's just get started with these words,

我們就從這些話開始吧。

'could', 'should' and 'would'.

'可以'、'應該'和'會'。

Now the first thing

現在的第一件事

that you need to pay attention to here

你需要注意的是

is that the L in all of these three words is silent.

是這三個詞中的L都是沉默的。

Don't try and pronounce that out.

別想把它念出來。

It's actually easier than you think!

其實這比你想象的要簡單!

'Would' is pronounced just like 'wood'

"會 "的發音和 "木 "一樣。

and 'could' and 'should' are also the same.

而'可以'和'應該'也是一樣的。

Could, should, would.

可以、應該、會。

So let's look at all of the possible contractions

所以，讓我們看看所有可能的收縮。

for these modals.

對於這些模式。

Now we learn in earlier lessons

現在我們在前面的課程中學習到

that any of these modal verbs

這些情態動詞中的任何一個

can be used to talk about the past

昔日

simply by adding 'have'

只需加上 "有 "字

followed by the past participle verb.

後面是過去分詞動詞。

So in spoken English 'have' is often contracted

所以在英語口語中，'have'常常被收縮為

or shortened.

或縮短。

'Could have' is often said

人們常說'本可以'。

could've.

本可以。

So the 'have' is shortened to just 've.

所以'有'縮短為只有'已'。

Now if you're listening to native English speakers

如果你聽的是以英語為母語的人的話

you might not even hear that sound.

你甚至可能聽不到那個聲音。

'Could have' can also sound like

'本來'也可以聽起來像

coulda.

本來可以。

You coulda brought the dog.

你可以把狗帶來

You could've. You could have brought the dog.

你本來可以的你可以把狗帶來的。

And the contracted pronunciation of 'have' is the same

而'have'的收縮發音也是一樣的。

for all of the modal verbs.

為所有的情態動詞。

'Should have' becomes

'應該'變成了

should've

早該

or shoulda.

或應該。

We shoulda left earlier.

我們應該早點離開。

We should've left earlier.

我們應該早點離開。

'Would have' becomes

'本來'變成了

would've

本來

or woulda.

或會的。

My dad would have known what to do.

我爸爸會知道該怎麼做。

My dad woulda what to do.

我爸爸會做什麼。

'Might' and 'have' become

'可能'和'有'成為

might've

可能已經

or mighta.

或可能。

She mighta taken the keys.

她可能拿了鑰匙。

She might have taken the keys.

她可能拿了鑰匙。

'May' and 'have'

"可能 "和 "有

may've

可能已經

or even maya - if you're listening to a native speaker.

甚至是瑪雅語--如果你聽的是母語人士的話。

I may have lost his address.

我可能已經失去了他的地址。

I maya lost his address.

我失去了他的地址。

'Must' and 'have' becomes

'必須'和'有'變成了

must've

一定是

or musta.

或者說是必須的。

We musta left our tickets in the car!

我們一定是把票落在車上了！

We must have left our tickets in the car!

我們一定是把票落在車上了!

Remember, it's okay to use these contractions

記住，用這些收縮詞是可以的。

in informal writing

信手拈來

but in formal writing, exams, reports and letters,

但在正式寫作、考試、報告和信件中。

use the full word 'have'.

用完整的 "有 "字。

And if you are ever unsure, just write 'have',

如果你不確定，就寫 "有"。

it's not too formal.

這不是太正式。

Okay so when we use

好了，當我們使用

these modal verbs in a negative sentence,

這些情態動詞在否定句中。

'not' is often contracted to the modal verb.

'不'常與情態動詞收縮。

They're pushed together - that's what a contraction is.

它們被推在一起--這就是收縮的意義。

So 'could' and 'not' is contracted and it sounds like

所以'可以'和'不'是收縮的，聽起來就像。

couldn't.

不能。

Shouldn't, wouldn't.

不應該，不會。

So the 'not' sounds like

所以 "不是 "聽起來像

at the end of the modal verb.

在情態動詞的末尾。

Okay let's go through this in a little bit more detail.

好了，我們再來詳細瞭解一下。

We've got /'kʊd/

我們已經得到了/'kʊd/。

/ənt/

/ənt/

/'kʊd(ə)nt/

/'kʊd(ə)nt/

I couldn't believe it! It was such a surprise!

我簡直不敢相信!這真是個驚喜!

I couldn't believe it!

我簡直不敢相信！

/'ʃʊd/

/'ʃʊd/

/ənt/

/ənt/

/'ʃʊd(ə)nt/

/'ʃʊd(ə)nt/

Shouldn't we wait for Sam?

我們不應該等山姆嗎？

Shouldn't we wait?

我們不應該等嗎？

/'wʊd/

/'wʊd/

/ənt/

/ənt/

/'wʊd(ə)nt/

/'wʊd(ə)nt/

They wouldn't ask you for money

他們不會向你要錢

unless they really needed it.

除非他們真的需要它。

They wouldn't ask you.

他們不會問你。

/'mʌɪt/

/'mʌɪt/

/ənt/

/ənt/

/'mʌɪt(ə)nt/

/'mʌɪt(ə)nt/

or /'mʌɪt(ə)nt/ depending on the accent.

或/'mʌɪt(ə)nt/取決於口音。

You mightn't believe me, but I'm telling the truth!

你可能不相信我，但我說的是實話！"。

You mightn't believe me!

你可能不相信我！

/ˈmʌs/

/ˈmʌs/

/ənt/

/ənt/

/ˈmʌs(ə)nt/

/ˈmʌs(ə)nt/

Notice that the middle 'T' is not pronounced

請注意，中間的 "T "並不發音。

in the negative form.

以消極的形式。

It's mustn't,

這是一定不能的。

not must-n't.

不是一定要，也不是。

You mustn't wear those shoes in the house.

你不能在家裡穿這雙鞋。

You mustn't wear those shoes.

你千萬別穿那雙鞋。

Now of course, there are a few irregular negatives

當然，現在也有一些不規則的底片。

which you already know.

你已經知道了。

'Will not' is won't.

'不會'就是不會。

'Can not' is can't.

'不能'就是不能。

'Shall not' is shan't.

'不得'是shan't。

And 'may' doesn't even contract with 'not'.

而'可能'甚至不與'不'簽約。

You just need to say 'may not'.

你只需要說'可能不會'。

Okay so now are you ready for level 10

好了，現在你準備好迎接第10關了嗎？

pronunciation training?

發音訓練？

These contractions get a little bit more difficult

這些宮縮會變得更困難

when we start using negative modal verbs

當我們開始使用否定式情態動詞時

to refer to the past with 'have'.

用'有'來指代過去。

Then we have a structure that looks like this:

那麼我們的結構是這樣的。

the subject with the modal verb

狀語

with 'not', 'have'

與'不'、'有'一起

and then the past participle verb.

然後是過去分詞動詞。

And yes, all three words

是的，這三個字

can be contracted together in spoken English.

在英語口語中可以一起收縮。

Okay get ready for this!

好了，準備好了！

'Could not have'

"不可能

couldn'tve.

不能ve。