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  • Well it is weird!

    倫敦佛洛伊德博物館

  • I think it's extremely weird!

    1.精神分析是什麼? (精神分析是不是很奇怪?)

  • Definitely weird. No question about that.

    是很奇怪沒錯!

  • It's weird because

    我認為精神分析極度奇怪

  • what it's thinking about

    絕對奇怪

  • what it's addressing

    毫無疑問

  • is the nature of being human.

    精神分析很奇怪

  • It's addressing the parts that

    因為它思考的、探索的 是身為人的本質

  • we don't normally reach.

    它探討的 是我們一般無法觸及的部分

  • It's weird because it deals with

    它奇怪 因為它處理的不是大太陽底下發生的事

  • stuff that goes on out of the daylight

    它處理的是晚上的活動

  • it's a night-time activity.

    夢、性、我們犯的錯誤

  • It's dreams. It's sexuality.

    它是性幻想的世界、黑暗思想的世界、陰森的世界

  • It's mistakes we make.

    它探索的是隱藏的事情

  • It's the world of sexual fantasy.

    你把這些事情隱藏起來,尤其是為了不讓自己發現

  • It's the world of perhaps the dark thoughts,

    「你之前受的教育以及所有思考的習慣

  • a spooky world.

    在在都會讓你與精神分析對立。」

  • It's about the hidden things

    -1916年佛洛伊德「精神分析引論」

  • the things particularly that you keep

    - 會談治療 -

  • hidden from yourself.

    精神分析是會談治療

  • Psychoanalysis is a talking cure

    但更該問的問題是

  • but it would be more correct to ask the question:

    精神分析有哪些種類?

  • 'What are psychoanalyses?'

    因為精神分析眾說紛紜

  • because there are lots of different versions.

    但各種說法間的共通點是

  • What they probably all have in common is that

    精神分析是透過談話來進行

  • it's a practice of talking.

    各種精神分析主張一致同意的

  • One the things that all these psychoanalyses

    是「無意識」這個概念

  • have in common is an idea of

    有的時候 我們會把無意識想成一個很深的儲藏處

  • something called 'the unconscious'.

    在你的腦子裡

  • Sometimes we think about the unconscious

    很多事情埋在這個空間裡

  • as being some deep reservoir

    佛洛伊德曾說

  • some place in your head

    他擁有考古學書籍,比心理學書籍還要多

  • where things are buried.

    心靈有著層層的結構

  • Freud once said that he had more

    就像考古學的開鑿探勘

  • archaeology books than psychology books.

    當他開始探究病人的心靈

  • His view was that the mind was structured by layers

    就像考古學家穿透地層深入挖掘

  • like in archaeological digs

    繼而發現失落許久的零星片段

  • and when he was excavating his patients' minds

    然而,分析師如今不僅是與石頭工作

  • it was just like an archaeologist digging down

    他們用來分析的零星片段

  • and discovering fragments from a long-lost time.

    包含了散落的記憶、各種幻想、兒時的願望

  • Now the analyst doesn't work with stones

    他和 被分析者把這些拼湊在一起

  • the fragments he works with are bits of memories,

    建構出 被分析者的早期經驗

  • fantasies, infantile wishes,

    那些早已被掩埋不見天日的

  • and he pieces those together with the analysand

    卻依然是他日後正常生活的基礎

  • to construct the early history of the analysand

    至於要是產生了新的症狀,更是如此

  • that has become buried

    病人可能有一些症狀

  • but that still is a foundation of his adult life

    例如:失眠、飲食失調、令人不安的性行為

  • and particularly of any symptoms

    讓人不知所措的想法 且自己不喜歡這些想法

  • he might have developed.

    藉由討論這些症狀

  • So someone might come with a symptom

    以及回溯過去的經歷

  • let's say a problem in sleeping,

    病人可以從自己過去發生的事情上 看到一些東西

  • a disturbance in their relation to eating,

    比如家庭的過去

  • a sexual practice that they find disturbing,

    藉由談論,付諸語言

  • thoughts that overwhelm them that aren't welcome.

    來改變症狀、改變生活、改變痛苦的體驗

  • Through talking about these

    「在一串聯想中,曖昧的詞語成為分岔點

  • and through tracing their history

    沿著分岔而來的新軌道

  • the person might encounter elements

    川流的新思維,就是我們正在搜尋的。」

  • from their own history

    1905年佛洛伊德「一個歇斯底里個案的分析片段」

  • perhaps from their family history

    病人走進來的時候問我

  • and through talking about them,

    「我們要做什麼呢?就是說話而已嗎?

  • through articulating them,

    這對我在超級市場裡恐慌症發作,會有什麼幫助?」

  • there'll be a change to the symptom

    的確,這當然有幫助

  • there'll be change to that person's life

    因為我們假設 在恐慌發作的背後

  • there'll be a change to that person's

    有一些潛意識的動機

  • experience of suffering.

    而語言的功能 是可以揭露一些言詞

  • Patients ask me when they come in:

    可以帶出其他的言詞 和其他的意義

  • 'Well is that all we are doing? Just talking?

    從無意識的層次

  • How is this going to help me with my

    提升到意識的層次

  • panic attack in the supermarket?'

    我隨意舉個例子

  • Well, it helps because we assume that

    有一個女人幾天前曾對我說

  • behind the panic attack are some unconscious motives

    日前,他在花園裡裁剪玫瑰

  • and language can function like a lift

    她說:紅色的玫瑰!

  • where words can lift other words and other meanings

    對於紅玫瑰的強調 引發了我的注意

  • from the level of the unconscious

    我問她:她對於紅色的玫瑰有什麼想法呢?

  • to consciousness.

    她說:噢!我想起了爸爸的葬禮

  • So, take an example:

    他的第二任老婆 丟了紅玫瑰到他的墓裡

  • A woman had told me that the previous day

    當作愛的象徵

  • she had been cutting roses in her garden.

    而在那個當下

  • 'Red roses', she said - she emphasised red roses.

    她感到無比的悲痛 妒火中燒

  • So I became alert to this, I asked her

    所以「玫瑰」這個狀似無奇的字

  • what she thought about red roses.

    從無意識揭露、引導出葬禮這個詞

  • She said: 'Ah! I remember my father's funeral,

    透過各種意義的連結、聯想

  • where his second wife threw a red rose

    比起原本單純的裁剪玫瑰花

  • into his grave

    已連結成一個完完全全不一樣的故事

  • as a token of love.'

    這就是精神分析進行的方式

  • And at that moment she felt a pang of pain,

    「與其說我們經營著生活

  • a pang of jealousy.

    還不如說 我們的人生是被未知

  • So the word 'rose', an innocent word,

    無法掌握的力量所經營著」

  • had drawn up from the unconscious

    1923年佛洛伊德「自我與本我」

  • the word 'funeral'

    佛洛伊德認為「人」無法控制他(她)自己

  • through a chain of associations

    佛洛伊德有一句名言

  • and with the word 'funeral'

    「自我並不是自己房子的主人。」

  • a whole completely different story was connected

    自我所住的這棟房子

  • than the original one about cutting roses.

    你可以說那是一棟鬼屋

  • That's how psychoanalysis works.

    你試圖掌管生活於其間的地方

  • The Freudian human being

    可你做不到

  • is a human being who

    這就是無意識,它控制著我們

  • is not in control

    當代文化 喜歡把人看做只有單一面向

  • of him or herself.

    被為了達到目的的各種手段所宰制

  • Freud famously said:

    追求幸福、財富與成功

  • 'The ego is not master in his own house'.

    好似人類慾望可以簡化成只有物質

  • The house in which the ego lives

    相反的,精神分析看到的慾望

  • is, you could say, it's a haunted house.

    是從語言的間隙中浮出

  • You try to be in control of your living space

    從語言的縫隙、從錯誤、從口誤

  • but you're not.

    從人生中不斷重複的失敗中浮現出來

  • It's the unconscious that controls us.

    如果有東西被迫進入無意識

  • Contemporary culture likes to see human beings

    無意識就會用它可以表達的方式回來

  • as one dimensional:

    或用無意識可以呈現自己的方式回來

  • they're governed by instrumental ends

    口誤就是其中一個

  • the search for happiness

    「只能從微弱跡象中 才顯露出來的事情 就因此而不重要的嗎?」

  • for wealth, for success

    1916年佛洛伊德「精神分析引論」

  • as if human desire can be reduced to simple objects.

    如果無意識竄出 用難以處理的方式呈現

  • Psychoanalysis, on the contrary,

    例如:你總是會對喜歡的女生暴力相向

  • sees desires as emerging

    這樣就會對你的人生帶來很多問題

  • in the gaps in speech,

    目前許多處理人類苦痛的精神醫學 與認知治療的做法

  • in the cracks in what you're saying,

    把症狀視為過失、錯誤、偏離軌道、適應不良

  • in your mistakes, in your slips of the tongue,

    醫療介入或治療的目的 就是要矯正這些錯誤

  • in the failures that you repeat

    把迷途羔羊帶回正軌,移除他們的症狀

  • again and again in life.

    認知療法是去找出心理的「病態元素」

  • If something's been forced into the unconscious

    透過另外的心理運作 針對「病態元素」提供矯正計畫

  • and it tries to come back

    精神分析的做法非常不同

  • as whatever it can express itself as

    症狀的出現,並非等待著被去除

  • or however it can manifest itself

    症狀的出現 是因為他們需要被傾聽、被聽見

  • then something like a slip of the tongue would be that.

    症狀並不是過失 或學習錯誤

  • If the unconscious bursts out

    症狀是線索 指引我們找到病人的個人真實

  • in other ways that are more difficult

    (臺灣 吾境思塾 楊明敏 校閱) checked by Yang M.M. ,iAnalysis ,Taiwan

  • like you always

  • you know, you feel violent towards

  • any woman that you begin to get

  • attached to or something

  • then maybe that's going to cause

  • a lot more problems in your life.

  • Many psychiatric and cognitive approaches

  • today to human suffering

  • see people's symptoms as mistakes,

  • as errors, as deviations

  • as maladjustments

  • with the aim of medical intervention or therapy

  • being to correct them,

  • to bring the person back to the norm,

  • to get rid of their symptoms.

  • The cognitive approach is that you identify

  • as it were 'pathological elements' in the mind

  • and then you have a programme of correction

  • of those pathological elements

  • through additional mental work.

  • Psychoanalysis has a very different approach:

  • symptoms aren't there to be got rid of,

  • they're there to be listened to, to be heard

  • with idea that a symptom isn't a mistake,

  • a learning error, but rather a clue

  • to that person's individual truth.

Well it is weird!

倫敦佛洛伊德博物館

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