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  • Medical colleges during the Renaissance taught what they thought to be the most respected medical science of the time.

    在文藝復興時期,醫學院教導學生的醫學知識都是它們認為當代最受敬重的

  • The only problem, lots of it was wrong.

    但有個問題就此產生,很多知識都是錯的

  • Back then, the ultimate authority on human anatomy was a Greek physician by the name of Galen.

    當時,最早的人體解剖學權威是一位名叫 Galen 的希臘醫生

  • His work had dominated the field for over a thousand years, and Vesalius was a fan.

    他的成果稱霸解剖學界已逾一千多年,而文藝復興時期的解剖學家 Vesalius 是 Galen 的粉絲

  • Whoa, you like Galen too?

    哇!你也喜歡 Galen 嗎?

  • Hell, yeah. Galen rules.

    當然!Galen 最棒了!

  • Welcome to medical school.

    歡迎來到醫學院

  • Lesson one will be on Galen,

    第一堂課講述的內容是 Galen

  • lesson two will focus on Galen,

    第二堂課會聚焦討論 Galen

  • and lesson three, we will pivot 360 degrees to... Galen.

    第三堂課呢,我們會將主題全面圍繞在... Galen 身上

  • Teachers at the time literally thought it was more important to study Galen's books than the human body itself,

    當時的老師真的認為研讀 Galen 的書比直接研究人體還重要

  • so much so that when they did dissections in school,

    已鑒於此,當他們在學校解剖大體時

  • the Professor would just read a commentary on Galen and an assistant would point things out

    教授就只唸出 Galen 對人體部位的注釋,然後課堂助手再指出其部位

  • as a surgeon chopped up the body.

    就像外科醫生將人體切碎一樣

  • The professor never even looked inside!

    教授根本從來不看人體裡到底有甚麼!

  • Now we will remove the heart.

    好的,現在我們來移除心臟

  • (students ohing)

    (學生們驚呼)

  • Whatever you're looking at is the heart.

    你們看到的就是心臟啦

  • (students ahing)

    (學生們驚嘆)

  • Uh, I love him too,

    呃...雖然我也很愛 Galen

  • but aren't you going to check if Galen is right?

    但不是應該先確認他說的到底對不對嗎?

  • (students gasping)

    (學生們倒抽一口氣)

  • As if he'd ever be wrong.

    說得好像他會犯錯一樣

  • He's Galen! (laughing)

    拜託他可是 Galen 耶!(教授嘲笑)

  • (laughing)

    (學生們哄堂大笑)

  • (laughing) Idiot.

    (同桌跟著嘲笑) 白癡!

  • After graduating at the age of 23,

    二十三歲從醫學院畢業之後

  • Vesalius was given the job of Professor of Anatomy and Surgery and started doing his own research,

    Vesalius 被授予解剖學與外科學教授一職,並開始從事自己的研究

  • which is when he started to suspect that Galen wasn't as perfect as everyone thought.

    這時他開始懷疑 Galen 並非如大家所想的完美

  • They may laugh, but I'm going to do my own dissections and observations.

    他們儘管笑吧,反正我要自己解剖大體自己觀察!

  • Let's see.

    來看看人體的奧秘吧

  • Strange.

    奇怪了

  • Galen says there are two bones in the lower jaw,

    Galen 說下顎有兩塊骨頭

  • but there is very clearly only one.

    但很明顯只有一塊啊?

  • (cat yowls) Well, simple mistake!

    (貓嚎叫) 顯而易見的錯誤!

  • Hmm. Galen says there are five lobes on a liver, but I see only two.

    Galen 說肝葉有五片,但我只看到兩片啊?

  • What is happening?

    到底是怎麼回事?

  • Vesalius went on to identify more than 200 instances where Galen got some aspect of basic anatomy dead wrong.

    Vesalius 不斷發現 Galen 對基本解剖學的致命認知錯誤竟超過兩百處

  • This breast bone has three segments, not seven!

    這塊胸骨只有三節,不是七節!

  • Major blood vessels start in the heart, not the liver!

    主要血管從心臟開始,不是肝!

  • Could it be Galen, the father of human anatomy,

    難道說人體解剖學之父-- Galen

  • never dissected a human?

    從沒解剖過人體?

  • No! No! You're a liar!

    不!不!你這大騙子!

  • I hate you! I hate you, Galen!

    我討厭你!我討厭你 Galen !

  • (Ancient Rome) Vesalius finally concluded that Galen had done his dissections on monkeys, dogs, and other animals

    (古羅馬時期) Vesalius 終於總結道 Galen 只解剖過猴子、狗,及其他動物

  • and simply theorized that humans were similar.

    然後便推理認為人體也是相似的構造:

  • Humans have two jawbones, soft floppy ears,

    人類有兩塊頷骨、柔軟下垂的耳朵

  • and their stomachs are full of bananas!

    還有胃裡都是香蕉!

  • And this incorrect anatomy

    這個錯誤的解剖學理論

  • had been taught to physicians for over a thousand years!

    灌輸醫生超過一千年!

Medical colleges during the Renaissance taught what they thought to be the most respected medical science of the time.

在文藝復興時期,醫學院教導學生的醫學知識都是它們認為當代最受敬重的

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