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  • It's probably no surprise that nature is beneficial to our mental health.

    大自然對我們的心理健康有益,這大概並不令人驚訝

  • From hitting the beach, to taking a long stroll through the park, multiple studies have shown

    從去海灘玩到在公園漫步,許多研究都顯示

  • that there's something about nature that helps us feel happier, more focused, or just generally better.

    自然有某種力量可以幫助我們感到更快樂、更專注或就是普遍地更好

  • But why that happens is trickier to figure out.

    但更難理解的是這是怎麼發生的

  • From what psychologists can tell, though, it's not just about getting in some sunshine

    心理學家說明這不只是得到更多陽光

  • and Vitamin D. Instead, it might have to do with our sense of belonging.

    和維他命 D 。反倒可能與我們的歸屬感有關

  • The idea that nature is healing is not a new one, and exposure to natural environments

    大自然的治癒力並非新的構想,而且接觸自然環境

  • has been an important part of mental health treatments for a long time.

    已是長期以來心理健康治療重要的一部分

  • As early as the Middle Ages, monasteries for those with mental illnesses created so-called

    早至中世紀,僧侶為了有心理疾病的病患創造了所謂的

  • restorative gardens.

    復癒型庭園

  • And in the 1800s, people designing mental hospitals would try and make sure their buildings

    而在 1800 年代,設計精神病院的人會嘗試確保建築物

  • were surrounded by acres of natural land.

    被數英畝的自然土地圍繞

  • So far, modern research really supports this idea, too.

    迄今,現代研究也支持這個構想

  • Studies have shown that being exposed to naturewhether it's a wilderness preserve or

    研究顯示接觸大自然-不論是荒野保護區或是

  • a tree-lined city streetcan improve wellbeing in a bunch of ways, both in those with and

    綠樹成蔭的城市街道-可以很多種方式增進身心健康,對有或

  • without clinical conditions.

    沒有臨床症狀者皆然

  • For example, a 2011 meta-analysis looked at studies involving a total of almost 850 participants

    舉例來說,一項 2011 年的整合分析綜合了總數近 850 位參與者的研究

  • mostly students.

    -大部分是學生

  • It found that exercising in a natural environment resulted in higher feelings of revitalization

    發現了在自然環境中運動比在室內從事相同運動

  • than doing the same exercise indoors.

    結果更加活力充沛

  • And another study from 2012 found that walking through nature for 50 minutes provided a mood

    還有另一項 2012 年的研究發現在大自然走路 50 分鐘可以讓 20 位有憂鬱症的參與者

  • boost and other cognitive benefits for twenty participants with depression.

    心情變好以及提供其他認知的好處

  • There's also evidence to suggest that those with schizophrenia, ADHD, and a whole host

    也有證據顯示精神分裂症、注意力不足過動症以及許多

  • of other illnesses experience similar benefits just from taking in a little scenery.

    其他疾病也從光是欣賞風景就得到相似的益處

  • So far, there are several factors that have been floated around as possible explanations for this.

    迄今,流傳著許多可能的解釋因子

  • One is that nature allows us to recover from stress and attention fatigue.

    其中之一是大自然讓我們從壓力和注意力疲乏中復原

  • This is the idea that urban environments have too many things competing for our attention.

    這個想法是都市環境有太多東西在競爭我們的注意力

  • Other studies suggest that nature offers exercise opportunities, facilitation of social interaction

    其他研究表示大自然一般來說提供運動機會、促進社交互動與發展

  • and development, and opportunities for personal development in general.

    以及個人成長的機會

  • But a lot of these factors haven't been investigated in rigorous depth.

    但其中很多的因子尚未被縝密地研究

  • They also don't really explain the mechanisms of how we gain psychological benefits just

    它們也無法真正解釋

  • from existing in nature, rather than running around in nature, chilling with friends in nature.

    光是存在大自然中,而不是在大自然四處跑、和朋友待在一塊,我們如何得到精神上的好處

  • In fact, most research on the subject seems to describe the mechanisms as "elusive."

    事實上,這個主題的研究大多都將此機制描述為「難懂的」

  • Which is psychologist speak for, “We dunno.

    也就是心理學家說的,「不知道,

  • We're workin' on it.”

    我們還在研究。」

  • Still, that doesn't mean we don't have a hypotheses or two.

    這不代表我們沒有一兩個假說

  • Some researchers argue that these positive effects, at least in part, come about because

    一些研究員表示這些正向效果,至少部分,會發生是因為

  • of an increased sense of connectedness to the natural world.

    對自然世界的連結感提升

  • One significant experiment about this was published in 2009 in Environment and Behavior,

    一個相關的重大實驗於 2009 年被刊在環境與行為

  • and it looked at the effect of exposure to nature on mood and problem solving.

    它探討了接觸自然對情緒與問題解決的效果

  • In this study, 76 students were asked to complete questionnaires on mood, along with the Connectedness

    在這項研究中,76 名學生被要求完成情緒調查表,以及

  • with Nature Scaleor CNSwhich measures pretty much what the name implies.

    對自然連結量表-或稱 CNS -評量內容差不多如其名

  • It asks participants to rate how they feel about some vaguely hippy-ish stuff, like 'Right

    它請參與者對一些嬉皮的東西給予評價,像是

  • now I'm feeling a sense of oneness with the natural world'.

    「此時此刻我感到與自然世界合而為一」

  • Or 'I'm feeling like the natural world is a community to which I belong'.

    或是「我覺得自己屬於自然世界」

  • After rating 13 of those peace and love statements, the students were split into two groups, and

    在評價那 13 個愛與和平的陳述句後,學生們被分為兩群

  • bundled onto buses for a field trip.

    並被送上公車去郊遊

  • They took a 20-minute drive to either a nature reserve or a downtown parking lot.

    經 20 分鐘車程到達自然保護區或是一處市中心的停車場

  • Then, they spent around 15 minutes silently walking, sitting, and taking in the scenery

    他們花大約 15 分鐘安靜地走路、坐著以及欣賞風景

  • before filling out those questionnaires again.

    然後再次填答問卷

  • The results showed that participants who went to the nature reserve reported significantly

    結果顯示去自然保護區的受試者

  • more of a mood boost from their trip.

    從旅程中獲得更顯著的心情好轉

  • Their feelings of being connected to nature were also higher than those who took a stroll in the parking lot.

    他們對於與自然的連結感也比在停車場散步的那些人來得高

  • Now, this in itself isn't massively surprising.

    現在,這件事本身並不非常令人意外

  • You can imagine it's probably hard to feel at one with the universe standing on a stretch of concrete.

    你可以想像站在一塊水泥地上大概很難感覺到與宇宙融合

  • What was more interesting is that the CNS survey results seemed to mediate the effects of the environment.

    更有趣的是 CNS 調查的結果似乎調和了環境造成的效果

  • More specifically, when people reported that they felt part of nature, their mood boost

    更特別的是,當人們感到融入了自然,他們的情緒提升

  • tended to be bigger.

    有更顯著的傾向

  • So it wasn't just about seeing nature; it was about feeling like they are part of it.

    所以不只是攸關看見大自然;而是關乎感到自己是自然的一部分

  • The scientists behind this experiment argue that it's that sense of connectedness that

    這個實驗幕後的科學家聲稱是連結感

  • causes all those positive benefits.

    造成所有這些的好處

  • And they cite something called the biophilia hypothesis as a possible mechanism for this.

    而且他們引用了親生命假說為可能機制

  • The hypothesis theorizes that since, evolutionarily speaking, we're used to living in natural environments,

    這個假說成為學說是因為既然,從演化的觀點而言,我們習慣於生活在自然環境中

  • we all have some innate urge to seek out nature.

    我們都有某種先天的渴望去尋求大自然

  • The researchers suggest that we need to see ourselves as part of it, belonging to the

    研究人員建議我們必須將自己視為大自然的一部分,歸屬於

  • same group as the various plant and wildlife species we share our planet with.

    我們與我們的星球所共享的各種植物與野生物種的同一個群體

  • It can be hard to prove evolutionary hypotheses like this, especially when they're as abstract as this one.

    要證明像這種演化的假說可能很難,尤其當它們和這一個一樣抽象的時候

  • But the concept that we need to belong to groups to stay mentally healthy is one of

    但我們需要歸屬於群體以維持心理健康的概念

  • the main principles of social psychology research.

    是社會心理學研究的主要原則之一

  • In fact, it's such an important concept that having a sense of belonging with other

    事實上,很重要的概念是,與他人產生歸屬感

  • people is seen as a core human need in some models.

    在某些模型中被視為核心的人類需求

  • Not having this sense of belonging can lead to things like lowered immune response, and

    沒有這種歸屬感可導致免疫反應低落

  • poorer sleep quality.

    以及睡眠品質變差等等

  • And, conveniently, those are exactly the kind of functions researchers have seen improve

    而且,很合宜地,那些正是研究人員發現

  • when we're exposed to natural environments.

    當我們接觸自然時會改善的功能

  • So it's not that huge of a stretch to think that maybe that need to feel like we belong

    所以並不是那麼困難去認為或許對於歸屬感的需求

  • extends beyond human interactions, to seeing ourselves as part of the wider ecosystem on our planet.

    超越人類互動,將我們自己視為地球上更廣大的生態系統中的一份子

  • It's a plausible idea, and the results of this study certainly support it.

    這個點子煞有其事,而這項研究結果當然支持它

  • But like with a lot of other big ideas, it would help to have more research to be sure.

    但就如同許多其他大構想,有更多研究確認會更好

  • If nothing else, though, studies do suggest that time in nature is really good for you.

    然而如果沒有其他的證明,研究確實認為花時間在自然對你真的有好處

  • So even if we don't totally know why, it's probably worth visiting your local park sometime.

    所以即使我們並不完全明瞭原因,或許值得偶爾走訪一下鄰近的公園

  • Your brainand your moodwill thank you.

    你的腦-還有你的情緒-會感謝你的

  • Thanks for watching this episode of SciShow Psych!

    感謝收看這一集的 SciShow Psych!

  • If you enjoy hanging out in nature and want to learn more about it, you can check out

    如果你享受在大自然遨遊而且想要了解更多,你可以查看

  • one of our newest sister channels, Nature League!

    我們最新的姊妹頻道之一,Nature League!

  • In it, SciShow Psych's very own Brit Garner explores all things wildand takes you

    其中,SciShow Psych 的自己人 Brit Garner 探索了野生的事物

  • on some field trips as a bonus.

    還會額外帶你去郊遊

  • You can find it at youtube.com/natureleague.

    可以在 youtube.com/natureleague 找到它

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