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  • The last British royal wedding -- between Prince William and Kate Middleton, brought

    上一個英國皇室婚禮 -- 威廉王子和凱特米德爾頓的婚禮

  • together 1,900 guests, many of whom were pretty high profile people.

    群聚了 1900 位賓客,其中有許多引起高度關注的人

  • Footballer David Beckham was there with his wife and fashion designer Victoria Beckham.

    足球員大衛貝克漢與他的時尚設計師妻子維多利亞貝克漢伉儷出席

  • Elton John was there too.

    艾爾頓約翰也在場

  • But this photo might be the most impressive of all, because

    但這張照片大概才是最令人印象深刻的一張

  • This is the Queen of Spain And the Prince of Spain

    因為這裡有西班牙女王、西班牙公主

  • Next to the Princess of Sweden,

    隔壁是瑞典公主

  • the former King of Greece is behind them,

    前任希臘國王在他們後方

  • And way back there is the former King of Romania.

    在更後方還有前任羅馬尼亞國王

  • They were invited because they're all related to Prince William's great-great-great Grandmother,

    他們全都應邀出席,因為他們都和威廉王子的曾曾曾祖母有關係

  • Queen Victoria.

    維多利亞女王

  • Over the course of her 63-year reign, she strategically planned marriages to place her

    在位 63 年期間,她策略性地策劃婚姻

  • descendants in royal families all over Europe.

    將她的後代安置到歐洲的各個皇室家庭

  • And in doing so, created one of the most remarkable royal families in history.

    藉此舉動,創造了歷史上最非凡的其中一個皇室家庭

  • By the early 19th century, Europe had been at war for decades.

    時至十九世紀早起,歐洲已經歷經了十幾年的戰爭

  • After the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars killed millions, European leaders came

    在法國大革命和拿破崙戰役屠殺幾百萬人後,歐洲領導們聚在一起

  • together to restore peace by reshaping major states for a new balance of power.

    試圖藉著重整主要國家情勢以達權力平衡,重拾和平

  • Great Britain went on to become one of the strongest states.

    大英帝國接著成為了其中一個最強的政權

  • And years later, Queen Victoria and her husband Albert came up with a plan to maintain that

    幾年後,維多利亞女王和她的丈夫亞伯特想出了一個辦法來保固權力:

  • political power: They married their children to monarchs across Europe.

    他們讓他們的小孩和歐洲各元首聯姻

  • And at that time, you know,

    在那時候,你知道的

  • all royal marriages were fundamentally about dynastic unions, about

    所有的皇室婚姻根本上都意味著王朝的聯合、

  • cementing political allegiances, about building new political alliances.

    鞏固政治忠誠和建立新的政治盟友

  • It started with their daughter Vicky, the eldest of nine children.

    首先是她們的女兒維琪,九個孩子中最年長的

  • She married the heir to the Prussian throne, the largest and most powerful of the German states.

    她嫁給普魯士政權的繼承人,德國各州中最大最有權勢的一個

  • Albert's vision had always been, and Victoria shared it,

    亞伯特和維多利亞共同的先見之明是

  • that Prussia of all the German

    在所有德國政權中

  • states was the one that would end up leading the way towards a great unified Germany.

    普魯士將會是最終帶領德國邁向偉大統一的

  • They wanted to build strong connections with Germany and see them as being a force for

    他們想和德國建立鞏固聯結,並將他們視為

  • good and constitutional benign monarchy across Europe.

    促成橫跨歐洲的良善立憲君主政體的主要推手

  • Their children Alice, Beatrice, Helena, Leopold, and Arthur also married German royalty.

    他們的孩子愛麗絲、碧翠絲、海倫娜、利奧波德和亞瑟同樣與德國皇室聯姻

  • Their eldest son, Prince Albert Edward married a Danish princess whose brother was King of

    他們最大的兒子,亞伯特愛德華王子,嫁給了一個丹麥公主,她的兄弟是

  • Greece; two more important European states.

    希臘國王;又多了兩個重要的歐洲政權

  • But when their son Alfred wanted to marry the daughter of the Russian Tsar, things became

    但是當他們的兒子亞伯特想要和俄羅斯沙皇的女兒結婚時

  • a bit more complicated:

    事情變得複雜了一些:

  • There was a long history about Queen Victoria's deep, deep apprehensions about

    維多利亞女王對於將任何一位孩子嫁到俄羅斯

  • Russia, for any of her children marrying into Russia.

    長年以來一直有很深的恐懼

  • Well, the Russian monarchy was an autocracy,

    是這樣的,當時俄羅斯政權是獨裁政治

  • whereas the British monarchy as such was a constitutional monarchy.

    然而英國政權則是立憲君主制

  • There was a whole long period of Russophobia in Britain.

    在英國有很長一段期間有所謂的恐俄情懷

  • The two states were also extremely competitive over territory in Central Asia and Eastern Europe,

    此外,兩個政權在中亞和東歐有很激烈的領土糾紛

  • where they fought a bloody war in the 1850s.

    在 1850 年中期還有過一場腥風血雨

  • But the marriage was allowed and by the 1880s Queen Victoria's children were in several

    不過這場婚姻還是被允許了,而到了 1880 年,維多利亞女王的小孩

  • important branches of Europe's monarchies.

    早已在多個重要的歐洲政權分支

  • But did that bring peace to Europe?

    然而這有替歐洲帶來和平嗎?

  • Not quite.

    不盡然

  • See, Germany did unify in 1871, but it wasn't peaceful.

    德國的確在 1871 年統一了,但過程並不和平

  • Prussia fought a series of bloody wars and consolidated the other German states.

    普魯士打了一系列血腥的戰役,才合併了其他德國政權

  • In Russia, the royal Romanov family was losing its grip on power.

    在俄羅斯,羅曼諾夫皇室逐漸喪失權力

  • Members of the monarchy were being hunted and the Tsar was assassinated in 1881.

    政權成員遭到追捕,沙皇則在 1881 年被刺殺

  • The royal unions didn't play out as Queen Victoria planned, but she continued to make

    皇室的聯合並未如維多利亞女王所計劃的發展,但她還是繼續促成

  • more matches anyway.

    更多的聯姻

  • She had 42 grandchildren in total,

    她共計有 42 位孫兒

  • and these 7 ended up on royal thrones.

    其中有 7 位最後登上王位

  • The eldest, Wilhelm II, who was already in line to be the next Emperor of Germany, married

    其中最年長的,威廉二世,已經確立為德國皇帝的接班人,

  • a German princess in 1881.

    在 1881 年和一位德國公主結婚

  • The hope was that he would steer a unified and powerful Germany

    期望是他能夠引領統一的強大德國

  • into an alliance with Great Britain.

    成為大英帝國的盟友

  • George was in line to be the King of Great Britain and married a minor British royal

    喬治是大英帝國國王的繼承人,他和一個英國皇室的次要家族成員

  • family member.

    結婚

  • Alexandra married Nicholas, who was related to George and Wilhelm, and both became the

    亞歷山卓嫁給了尼克拉斯,他和喬治還有威廉都有關係,且後者兩位都成為了

  • Tsar and Tsarina of Russia.

    俄羅斯的沙皇和沙皇皇后

  • And four more granddaughters married European royalty, fulfilling Victoria's vision.

    然後還有四個孫女和歐洲皇室結婚,實現了維多利亞的策略

  • I mean, when you look at Queen Victoria by the end of her life

    我的意思是,當你展望維多利亞女王晚期的日子

  • she really was the grandmother of Europe.

    她的確是歐洲的祖母

  • Take for example this family photo, where Queen Victoria is with her daughter and grandson,

    舉個例子,這張家庭照片中有維多利亞女王和她的女兒還有孫子

  • the rulers of Germany.

    德國的統治者

  • Her son, Britain's next king, and her granddaughters, the future

    她的兒子,下一位英國國王,和她的孫女們,

  • Tsarina of Russia and future Queen of Romania.

    未來的俄羅斯沙皇皇后和未來的羅馬尼亞女皇

  • Here's the soon-to-be King of England and his look-alike cousin the soon-to-be Tsar

    這是即將繼任的英國國王,以及長得和他很像的堂兄弟,同時也是即將繼任的

  • of Russia.

    俄羅斯沙皇

  • And here's some of the children and grandchildren together.

    然後這裡是一些小孩和孫兒

  • Finally, this is King Edward of Great Britain and his nephew Kaiser Wilhelm of Germany

    最後,這是大英帝國的愛德華國王以及他的侄子,德國的威廉皇帝

  • at Queen Victoria's funeral in 1901.

    在 1901 年維多利亞女王的喪禮上

  • After her death, the family ties that Queen Victoria had strung around Europe, would not

    在她過世後,維多利亞女王在歐洲串起的家族淵源並沒有帶來和平

  • bring peace, but the most destructive war Europe had ever seen.

    卻帶來了歐洲有史以來最具摧毀性的戰爭

  • The Kaiser, the king of Gothenberg,

    皇帝,哥德堡的國王

  • make ready to sweep the field.

    準備好橫掃戰場

  • The Tsar of Russia mobilizes.

    俄羅斯沙皇動員了

  • England joins the battle royale.

    英國也加入了戰爭

  • World War One broke out in 1914 and split this family apart.

    第一次世界大戰在 1914 年爆發,使得這個家族分崩離析

  • Wilhelm's Germany along with Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire, fought an alliance

    威廉的德國和奧匈帝國還有土耳其帝國聯合起來,

  • led by Britain, Russia and France.

    對抗由英國、俄羅斯和法國領導的同盟

  • These countries were neutral.

    這些國家則是中立

  • Say Victoria had lived 'til we were on the brink of war.

    假使維多利亞活到了戰爭前夕

  • I think it would have broken her,

    我想得知她的孫兒們最終

  • totally broken her heart,

    在戰場上彼此爭鋒相對

  • to know that her grandchildren ended

    她肯定會崩潰

  • up at war with each other.

    讓她徹底心碎

  • The war killed over 10 million people and ended the era of monarchy in Europe.

    這場戰爭毀掉了超過一千萬條人命,同時結束了歐洲的君主政體

  • Wilhelm, Sophia, and Marie were all forced to abandon their thrones.

    威廉、索菲亞和瑪利亞都被迫放棄他們的王位

  • Revolution swept through Russia and Alexandria and Nicholas were executed by Communists.

    革命席捲了俄羅斯,亞歷山大大帝和尼可拉斯被共產主義者處決

  • The British monarchy survived, but the war forced them to rethink their political strategy.

    英國政權存活了,但是這場戰役迫使他們重新思考他們的政治策略

  • George, King George V, and his wife Queen Mary were very very astute.

    國王喬治五世和他的妻子瑪麗皇后非常地機敏

  • They saw that the monarchy had to be more people friendly, had to be more accessible,

    他們看出了君主政權應該更加親近人民,必須更平易近人

  • not just sitting there in great robes in glory.

    而不能只是衣著華袍坐擁權位

  • You know, with their crowns on. Had to be much

    你知道的,有了王權加身。必須更常

  • more out on the street, hands-on, meet the people, win their confidence.

    現身於街頭,伸手接觸、認識人民,保持雍容大度

  • The kind of monarchy we now have with Queen Elizabeth.

    如同我們現在的君主伊麗莎白女王

  • That approach not only helped modernize British monarchy over the last century,

    這個方式不僅幫助了英國在上一世紀現代化

  • but it also

    它也同樣

  • changed the face of royal weddings, forever.

    從此改變了皇室婚禮的樣貌

The last British royal wedding -- between Prince William and Kate Middleton, brought

上一個英國皇室婚禮 -- 威廉王子和凱特米德爾頓的婚禮

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