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  • - [Narrator] Everyone knows what a typical

    (旁白) 每個人都知道典型的

  • soccer ball looks like, right?

    足球長什麼樣子,對吧?

  • It's as simple as black and white.

    僅僅是黑白相間的圖案

  • But that's not exactly what World Cup balls

    但嚴格來說世界盃足球

  • have always looked like.

    不總是長那樣

  • So what's the deal?

    所以是怎麼回事?

  • First things first.

    首先

  • You want a soccer ball to be as spherical as possible.

    你想要一顆足球盡可能呈現圓球狀

  • - In the old days we had balls that had the

    過去,我們有外形如

  • bucky ball shape, the Epcot Center shape.

    巴克明斯特富勒烯 (Buckminsterfullerene,別稱 Buckyball) 球狀分子,有未來世界園區的外形

  • You had the 20 hexagons and the 12 pentagons.

    有 20 個六邊型與 12 個五角型

  • And that was a very good approximation to a sphere.

    這樣的組成非常接近圓球狀

  • But starting in 2006, in Germany, with the Teamgeist ball,

    但從西元 2006 年開始,在德國世界盃中使用了「團隊之星」

  • there were more creative ways to make

    這顆球應用了更多創新的方法來製造

  • that approximation to a sphere.

    使它更近似圓型

  • - [Narrator] New technology enables Adidas

    (旁白) 新技術使 Adidas

  • to start designing the balls with fewer panels,

    得以使用更少嵌塊來設計球

  • which actually created a serious problem,

    事實上也造成了大問題

  • because fewer panels means less seams,

    因為更少嵌塊代表更少銜接面

  • and, more importantly, a smoother surface.

    更重要的,會有更平滑的表面

  • - If the ball gets too smooth,

    如果球體太過平滑

  • the air resistance for certain speeds goes up.

    部分速度的空氣阻力會上升

  • It's like kicking a beach ball.

    就像踢一顆沙灘球一樣

  • - [Narrator] And that's exactly what happened

    (旁白) 那也確實發生在世界盃裡

  • with the 2006 Teamgeist ball.

    在西元 2006 年世界盃使用團隊之星時

  • Players complained that the ball

    球員抱怨球

  • didn't go where they expected it to.

    不會跑到他們預期的位置上

  • So in 2010, Adidas compensated by adding

    所以在西元 2010 年,Adidas 補上一些紋理

  • some texture to roughen up the surface.

    使表面變得粗糙一些

  • Problem solved, right?

    問題解決了,對吧?

  • - Jabulani was a spectacular failure

    「普天同慶」是顆相當失敗的球

  • because it was not rough enough.

    因為它不夠粗糙

  • When the ball would be kicked at certain speeds,

    當球以一定速度被踢出時

  • you'd notice it would look like it would slow down

    你會注意到它會突然變慢

  • dramatically in the middle of its flight.

    在球飛行途中

  • - [Narrator] And the panels kept disappearing.

    (旁白) 而這些嵌塊還是不斷消失

  • The 2014 ball had the fewest panels yet:

    西元 2014 年的球使用的嵌塊數最少

  • six!

    只有 6 塊!

  • But this time Adidas compensated.

    但這次 Adidas 提出補償方案

  • - Despite having two fewer panels from Jabulani,

    儘管比普天同慶還少了兩塊嵌塊

  • the total seam length around the ball

    球體上的銜接面總長度

  • was actually 68% longer than it was for the Jabulani.

    實際上比普天同慶還多了 68%

  • - [Narrator] So at least this time the ball

    (旁白) 所以至少這次的球

  • had the right amount of roughness

    有足夠的粗糙程度

  • and flew further than the 2010 ball.

    比西元 2010 年的球還能飛得更遠

  • As for 2018?

    西元 2018 年的球呢?

  • - Total seam length on this ball,

    這顆球的銜接面總長度

  • it's actually 30% longer than the Brazuca.

    比「森巴榮耀」還多了 30%

  • So now you run the risk of the ball

    所以現在你會有一個風險

  • being a little too rough.

    就是球有點太粗糙了

  • - [Narrator] And again, Adidas compensated for this

    (旁白) Adidas 再次為此提出補償方案

  • by also making the seams shallower.

    就是把銜接面做得淺一點

  • And studies show the Telstar 18

    研究顯示「電視之星 18」

  • performs similarly to the Brazuca.

    跟森巴榮耀有差不多的表現

  • But it still has a bit more drag

    但它還是有點慢

  • and might not travel as far on high-speed kicks.

    在用力踢的情況下可能還是沒辦法飛很遠

  • Regardless, all this begs the question:

    無論如何,這些都引出了一個問題:

  • If the goal is to produce a ball that's similar

    如果目標是製造一顆

  • to what athletes practice with for years,

    與運動員長年使用的球相似的球

  • why does the World Cup ball keep changing?

    為什麼世界盃用球要一直換?

  • Turns out it's not about the players or the game at all.

    事實上,這跟球員或比賽根本無關

  • I'm sure you can guess what it's all about.

    我敢說你一定猜得出原因

  • - There's a new ball released for every World Cup.

    每次世界盃都會有新的球型出現

  • But I think the primary reason is money.

    但我想最主要的理由是錢

  • - [Narrator] The 2018 World Cup ball

    (旁白) 西元 2018 年世界盃用球

  • costs more than a hundred dollars.

    一顆超過 100 美元

  • - And these balls fly off the shelves.

    而這些球還是賣翻了

  • - [Narrator] It's a pretty big investment,

    (旁白) 那是個很大的投資

  • considering you can get a simple replica for 20 bucks,

    想到你可以用 20 元買到一個複製品

  • though they're not exactly the same.

    雖然它們不是完全相同

  • - The technologies involved in these balls

    在這些球裡面應用的技術

  • are much, much greater than the balls we used as kids.

    比我們小時候玩的球還要多太多

  • The panels on these balls are thermally bonded.

    這些球體上的嵌塊是熱黏合的

  • It helps keep the water out of the inside of the ball,

    有助於不讓球體內部有任何水份

  • keep the water from making the ball

    讓球不會含有

  • a little water-logged and heavier.

    一點水份,讓球不會更重

  • - [Narrator] But is it worth it?

    (旁白) 但這值得嗎?

  • We'll let you figure that one out.

    我們讓你自己判斷

- [Narrator] Everyone knows what a typical

(旁白) 每個人都知道典型的

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