It was a novel about an ocean liner called The Titan

那是一部關於一艘叫泰坦號的遠洋輪船的小說。

That sinks in the North Atlantic on its maiden voyage

首航時沉入北大西洋的那艘船

After, a collision with an iceberg.

後，與冰山相撞。

Of the many people, who read that book that would not realise that the significance of it.

在眾多的人中，誰讀了那本書，不會意識到它的意義。

Until 14 years later, when a ship called Titanic

直到14年後，一艘名為 "泰坦尼克號 "的船。

Took over 1500 souls with her when she sank in the Atlantic.

當她在大西洋沉沒時，帶走了1500多個靈魂。

And became one of the most devastating and talked about naval disasters in history.

併成為歷史上最具破壞力和話題性的海難之一。

Still very much studied and remembered to this day.

到現在還很有研究和記憶。

Here, we look at the event leading up to the disaster.

下面，我們來看看災難發生前的事件。

The people involved and their incredible stories.

參與的人和他們不可思議的故事。

Alongside, some of the theories that have since been published

同時，此後發表的一些理論

Pointing to the failings in its design

指出其設計上的缺陷

And the greed of those involved.

以及相關人員的貪婪。

Leading many to believe the sinking of the RMS Titanic was a preventable disaster.

導致很多人認為泰坦尼克號的沉沒是一場可以避免的災難。

And should have never happened.

而且本不應該發生。

The White Star Line was originally a company making traditional sailing ships during The Great Australian Gold Rush.

白星航運最初是在澳洲淘金熱時期製造傳統帆船的公司。

As the Gold Rush faded, the company faced bankruptcy.

隨著淘金熱的消退，公司面臨破產。

And was taken over by Thomas Henry Ismay in 1868.

並在1868年被托馬斯-亨利-伊斯梅接管。

It was after this take over that the company started to commission ships

正是在這次接管後，公司開始委託船舶

From Belfast, shipbuilders Harland and Wolff.

來自貝爾法斯特的造船廠Harland和Wolff。

Two years later, in 1870

兩年後的1870年

They launched their first breakthrough ship

他們推出了第一艘突破性的飛船

Oceanic I

大洋一號

This was the first of a series of state-of-the-art super liners that the company built.

這是該公司建造的一系列最先進的超級班輪中的第一艘。

That dominated the Australian business and eventually transatlantic routes.

這主導了澳洲的業務，並最終跨大西洋航線。

In 1899, Thomas Ismay died and left the way clear for his son Joseph.

1899年，托馬斯-伊斯梅去世，為他的兒子約瑟夫留下了道路。

It was him who introduced the comfort rather than speed policy the White Star Line would adopted.

正是他介紹了白星線將採取的舒適而非速度政策。

A few years later in 1902,

幾年後的1902年。

The company was taken over by the International Mercantile Marine.

該公司被國際商船公司接管。

Headed by John Pierpont Morgan.

由約翰-皮爾龐特-摩根上司。

And soon after, Joseph Ismay was appointed the overall President of the company.

而不久之後，約瑟夫-伊斯梅被任命為公司的總總裁。

By 1907, rival company Cunard

到了1907年，競爭對手Cunard公司。

Was having unrivalled success with their two quadruple funelled super fast liners

他們的兩艘四倍速的超快船取得了無與倫比的成功。

Lusitania and Mauretania.

盧西塔尼亞和毛利塔尼亞。

And in an effort to remain competitive

而為了保持競爭力

Ismay proposed the construction of three Olympic-class liners with opulent interiors.

伊斯梅建議建造三艘內飾豪華的奧運級郵輪。

Although, they couldn't rival Cunard for speed

雖然他們在速度上無法與庫納德號相比

They would make up for it in grandeur and never-before-seen luxury.

他們會用華麗和前所未有的奢華來彌補。

The ships were to be called Olympic, Titanic and Britannic

這三艘船分別被稱為奧林匹克號、泰坦尼克號和大不列顛號。

All three ships, were to be equipped with the ultimate in-turn of the century design and technology.

這三艘船都將配備世紀末的終極設計和技術。

Including sixteen watertighted compartments in their lower sections.

包括其下部的十六個水光艙。

That could easily be sealed off in the event of a punctured hole.

這在洞口被刺破的情況下，很容易被封死。

First of the superliners to be launched is Olympic.

首艘下水的超級客機是奧運。

And she officially becomes the world's largest man-made moving object.

而她也正式成為世界上最大的人造移動物體。

However, this title was short lived when on May the 31st, 1911.

然而，這個稱號是短暫的，當1911年5月31日。

Titanic is launched in Belfast.

泰坦尼克號在貝爾法斯特下水。

In front of a crowd of over 100,000 people.

當著十幾萬人的面。

After the launch, Titanic's interior was fitted out.

下水後，泰坦尼克號的內飾被裝了出來。

And she turned into a floating palace.

她就變成了一座浮宮。

Her lavish rooms were expertly created by highly skilled craftsman.

她的豪華房間是由技術高超的工匠精心打造的。

To produce cabins fit for some of the richest people in the world.

生產適合世界上最富有的人居住的小屋。

She was also equipped with 20 lifeboats

她還配備了20艘救生艇

And surprisingly, this was more than the number required by the Broad of Trade Regulations at the time.

而令人驚訝的是，這比當時《貿易廣義條例》規定的數量還要多。

Meaning that were well within the law.

意思是說，這些都是在法律範圍內的。

However, this law did not take in consideration the fact

然而，這項法律並沒有考慮到以下事實。

That Titanic was 46,000 tons.

那艘泰坦尼克號是46000噸。

And 20 lifeboats, packed to capacity, would only be enough for 52% of the passengers.

而20艘救生艇，擠滿了人，只夠52%的乘客使用。

But lifeboats, were considered as ferries

但是，救生艇，被認為是渡輪。

That would take multiple trips to and from a sinking ship to a rescue vessel.

那就需要多次往返於沉船與救援船之間。

And not as a sole means of escaping.

而不是作為唯一的逃學生手段。

So as long as a ship is in close proximity of a sinking vessel

所以，只要船靠近沉船，就會被擊沉

The number of lifeboats would have been sufficient.

救生艇的數量就足夠了。

A date for her maiden voyage to New York is announced as the 20th of March, 1912.

1912年3月20日，她的首航日期被宣佈為紐約。

However, after Olympic is damaged during her maiden trip

然而，在奧林匹克在她的處女之旅中被損壞後

Titanic is given a revised sale date of the 10th of April, 1912.

泰坦尼克號的銷售日期被修改為1912年4月10日。

One must wonder if the Olympic had not had a collision

人們不禁要問，如果奧林匹克沒有發生碰撞的話

altering Titanic's sale date

改售日期

what would the fate of the Titanic had been?

泰坦尼克號的命運會是怎樣？

On April the 3rd, 1912

1912年4月3日

Titanic arrives in Southampton from Belfast

泰坦尼克號從貝爾法斯特抵達南安普頓。

in preparation for her much anticipated maiden voyage.

為她期待已久的處女航做準備。

The ship has her signal flags and pennants, and the final crew members are recruited.

艦上有她的信號旗和旗幟，最後的船員也被招募了。

She is loaded up with cargo and coal,

它裝滿了貨物和煤炭。

and on the 8th of April, all the fresh food is stored in preparation for the many mouths

而在4月8日，所有的新鮮食物都被儲存起來，以備多口之需。

she is to feed during the 7 day trip.

在7天的行程中，她要喂。

Finally, the day arrives to set sail

終於，起航的日子到了

the Captain, Edward John Smith, is a much respected and well-liked employee of the White Star Line.

船長愛德華-約翰-史密斯是白星航運公司備受尊敬和喜愛的員工。

And at 62, was coming to the end of his career at sea

而62歲的他，即將結束他的海上生涯。

It was reported in fact, although disputed that Titanic was to be his last voyage before retirement.

據報道，事實上，雖然有爭議，但泰坦尼克號是他退休前的最後一次航行。

But, despite his experience, he has encountered many mishaps while in command.

不過，儘管他經驗豐富，但在指揮時還是遇到了很多意外。

Especially with the introduction of much larger vessels than he was used to.

尤其是引進了比他習慣的大得多的船隻。

White Star, however, considered him competent enough to be at the helm of the world's greatest ship.

不過，白星認為他的能力足以成為世界上最偉大的飛船的掌舵人。

And he was given a handsome salary

而他也得到了豐厚的薪水

around 6,250 dollars per year

每年約6,250美元

plus a yearly bonus of a 1000 dollars if he returned his ships undamaged.

如果他的船完好無損地回來，每年還有1000元的獎金。

Smith would be accompanied by Chief Officer, Henry Wilde and First Officer William Murdoch.

史密斯將由首席官亨利-王爾德和首席官威廉-默多克陪同。

Along with a total of 885 crew members.

以及總共885名船員。

With the crew now in place, the Titanic passengers begin the pleasure of boarding.

隨著船員的就位，泰坦尼克號的乘客開始了登船的樂趣。

These included, 325 first class passengers

其中包括325名頭等艙乘客

Where no expense was spared in their cabins

在那裡，他們的小木屋不惜一切代價。

Two of which were called "The Millionaire Suites"

其中有兩個叫 "百萬套房"

and were considered to be the most luxurious accommodations of the day.

並被認為是當時最豪華的住宿條件。

One of these suites was booked by J.P Morgan

其中一間套房是由J.P.摩根預訂的。

but since he did not travel, it was taken up by Joseph Bruce Ismay.

但由於他沒有出差，所以由約瑟夫-布魯斯-伊斯梅接任。

As a first class guest, he and the others could also enjoy Jacobean style dining room

作為頭等客人，他和其他人也可以享受到雅各賓派風格的餐廳。

a sumptuous reception room which could be entered using one of Titanic's most priced features.

一個豪華的接待室，可以用泰坦尼克號最貴的功能之一進入。

The Magnificent Grand Staircase.

宏偉的大樓梯。

Gentlemen had the options to retiring to the smoking room for port and cigars

紳士們可以選擇退到吸菸室去喝波特酒和抽雪茄。

and in the day, they could relax in Verandah Café or Café Parisien.

白天，他們可以在Verandah Café或Café Parisien放鬆。

Or make use of the fully-equipped state-of-the-art gymnasium.

或利用設備齊全的先進健身房。

As for the 285 second class passengers,

至於285名二等艙乘客。

they too enjoyed a luxury that rivalled first class on any other liner of the day

他們也享受到了與當時任何其他郵輪頭等艙相媲美的豪華待遇。

and they were first to enjoy electric elevators.

而他們是第一個享受電動電梯的人。

In comparison, the 706 third class or steerage passengers did not enjoy such luxuries.

相比之下，706三等艙或駕駛室的乘客就沒有享受到這樣的豪華待遇。

Although they did have more comfort than you may think.

雖然他們確實比你想象的要舒服。

Most of them had a one-way ticket in search for a better life in America

他們中的大多數人都有一張單程票，在美國尋找更好的生活。

and would have all of their worldly belongings in just a few bags.

並會將自己的世俗之物全部裝在幾個袋子裡。

These passengers, were mainly immigrants and consisted of a diverse group of nationalities.

這些乘客，主要是移民，由不同國籍的人組成。

Ranging from Finland to Hong Kong.

從芬蘭到香港都有。

Although the bulk of them were British, Irish or Scandinavian.

雖然其中大部分是英國人、愛爾蘭人或斯堪的納維亞人。

Some were travelling alone while others with their families.

有的人是獨自旅行，有的人則與家人一起旅行。

Meals were basic but regular,

飯菜雖然基本，但很有規律。

although nothing in comparison to that enjoyed by first and second class.

雖然與一、二等艙所享受的待遇相比，簡直不值一提。

But it wasn't all bad, they did have a smoking and general room

但也不全是壞事，他們確實有一個吸菸和普通的房間

where they would meet and make their own entertainment with the children playing

在那裡，他們會聚集在一起，與孩子們一起玩耍，自娛自樂。

and dancing on the deck.

並在甲板上跳舞。

A little fact about third class

關於三等艙的小知識

they enjoyed automatically flushing toilets

他們喜歡自動沖水馬桶

although rather for necessity than luxury.

雖然與其說是為了生活需要，不如說是為了奢侈。

As it was thought, third class passengers would not be familiar with indoor plumbing

原本以為，三等艙的乘客不會熟悉室內水管

and would not understand the need to flush the toilets themselves.

並不會理解自己沖廁所的必要性。

Before boarding, third class passengers were checked for lice and other infectious diseases.

登機前，三等艙乘客被檢查出有無蝨子和其他傳染病。

Just before noon, on the 10th of April, 1912

就在1912年4月10日的中午前。

Titanic's triple valve whistle could be heard across Southampton.

在南安普敦的上空，可以聽到泰坦尼克號的三瓣哨聲。

The ropes were cast and the five tugs started to slowing nudge the massive liner out into deeper water.

繩索被拋出，五艘拖船開始緩緩地將這艘巨大的班輪推到深水區。

When she was out in the River Test, the tugs dropped their lines and Titanic's

當她在河上測試時，拖船放下了他們的線，而泰坦尼克號的拖船也放下了線。

triple expansion 30,000 horsepower engines started to turn the propellers.

三擴三萬馬力的發動機開始轉動螺旋槳。

Titanic's maiden voyage had begun and she had already made history.

泰坦尼克號的處女航開始了，它已經創造了歷史。

As she powered down the river, the turbulence she created was causing some alarm.

當她沿著河道行駛時，她製造的湍流引起了一些警覺。

As the large volume of water, displaced by Titanic caused two moored liners to cut adrift

由於水勢較大，泰坦尼克號移位導致兩艘停泊的班輪漂流。

and they collision were narrowly avoided when Captain Smith ordered full astern

當史密斯船長下令全速後退時，他們才勉強避免了碰撞。

and a tug intervened to prevent an early disaster.

並有拖輪介入，避免了一場早期的災難。

Titanic arrived at her first port of call in Cherbourg, France at around 6 p.m.

泰坦尼克號於下午6時左右抵達法國瑟堡的第一個停靠港。

Where a further 274 passengers boarded.

另有274名乘客登機。

However, she was far too big to fit into the tiny port.

然而，她的體型太大，無法裝進小小的港口。

So passengers and luggage had be frayed by specially tended boats provided by the White Star Line.

所以，乘客和行李都得由白星線提供的專門照料的船隻來折騰。

This included the Titanic's richest passenger,

其中包括泰坦尼克號最富有的乘客。

John Jacob Aster IV

John Jacob Aster IV

with an equivalent 2017 net worth of 2.1 billion dollars.

與2017年的淨資產相當的21億元。

As the Titanic turned out, final port of call was Queenstown, Ireland.

結果泰坦尼克號最後停靠的港口是愛爾蘭的皇后鎮。

She here early on the 11th of April

她是4月11日早到的

and it was here that one lucky crew member decided to disembark by hiding in the mail bags.

就在這裡，一位幸運的船員決定躲在郵包裡下船。

He was later named as John Coffey, one of Titanic's fireman.

他後來被命名為約翰-科菲，泰坦尼克號的消防員之一。

He had only signed up to the crew to get a lift to Queenstown.

他向劇組報名只是為了搭車去皇后鎮。

Leaving Ireland, Titanic heads out into the open waters of the Atlantic Ocean.

離開愛爾蘭，泰坦尼克號駛向大西洋的公海。

The next stop is New York City.

下一站是紐約市。

The crew settled into their routines and the passengers began to explore

船員們安頓好自己的工作，乘客們開始探索

and familiarize themselves with the maze of corridors and rooms on the beautiful ship.

並熟悉美麗的船上迷宮般的走廊和房間。

In particular, the first class passengers enjoy meeting up with their wealthy and famous friends.

尤其是頭等艙的乘客，喜歡與富豪、名流朋友見面。

And attending the lavish parties organized for them in the splendour of their extravagant surroundings.

並參加為他們組織的豪華宴會，在他們奢侈的環境中，華麗的。

All while, Titanic moves steadily westward towards New York.

與此同時，"泰坦尼克 "號穩步向西，向紐約移動。

Throughout this part of the journey, the crew continuously receive warning from other vessels

在這段旅程中，船員們不斷收到其他船隻的警告。

that there is a serious threats of icebergs.

冰山的嚴重威脅。

Despite, Titanic being the most sophisticated liner of it's era

儘管泰坦尼克號是那個時代最先進的郵輪。

it's radio room, by comparison, was tiny.

它的廣播室，相比之下，是微小的。

No bigger than a broom cupboard and it relied on Morse Code for communication.

不比掃帚櫃大，它依靠摩斯密碼進行通訊。

It's operators, John George Phillips and his junior Harold Sydney Bride

它的經營者，約翰-喬治-菲利普斯和他的小弟哈羅德-雪梨-布萊德

worked a shift system to ensure the radio was covered at all times.

實行值班制度，確保電臺隨時都有人值班。

From the time, Titanic left Queenstown the majority of these messages were from and for passengers.

從泰坦尼克號離開皇后鎮開始，這些資訊大多是乘客發來的，也是給乘客的。

In total, between the 11th and 14th of April,

4月11日至14日期間，共。

the pair received 21 ice warnings, that would have been passed on to officers and ultimately Captain Smith.

兩人收到了21次冰雪警告，這將被傳遞給官員，並最終傳遞給史密斯船長。

They were fully aware of the dangers that lay ahead

他們完全知道前面的危險。

and steered 20 miles off course to try and avoid the ice fields but ultimately this wasn't enough.

並偏離航線20英里，試圖避開冰原，但最終這還不夠。

On Sunday the 14th,

14日星期天

another iceberg warning comes in early at 9 a.m. from the RMS Caronia.

另一個冰山警報在上午9點從皇家海軍卡洛尼亞號上發出。

Meanwhile, passengers were attending divine services in the first-class dining room.

與此同時，乘客們正在頭等艙餐廳參加神聖的儀式。

The morning service was also attended by Captain Smith.

上午的儀式也是由史密斯上尉參加的。

At 13:42 p.m., Smith was handed an ice warning message from follower White Star Liner, the Baltic.

下午13點42分，史密斯接到了來自跟隨者白星班輪 "波羅的海號 "的冰上警告資訊。

He handed it to Joseph Ismay, who placed the message in his pocket.

他把它交給了約瑟夫-伊斯梅，他把資訊放在口袋裡。

Ismay, allegedly shows the warning to several passengers

據稱，伊斯梅向幾名乘客出示了警告。

before Captain Smith asked for it back at around 19:15 p.m.

史密斯船長才在晚上19點15分左右要回。

and posts it in the chart room before dining in the ala carte restaurant.

並在點菜餐廳就餐前將其張貼在圖表室。

After dining, Captain Smith returns to the bridge

吃完飯後，史密斯船長回到艦橋

and chats briefly with the Second Officer Charles Lightoller.

並與二等兵查爾斯-萊特勒簡短交談。

Smith then retired to his cabin, giving instructions to wake him if anything becomes at all doubtful.

史密斯就退到了自己的小木屋裡，囑咐如果有什麼疑惑就叫醒他。

Officer Lightoller, advised his lookouts in the Crow's nest for icebergs.

Lightoller警官，建議他在烏鴉巢中尋找冰山。

Then at 21:40 p.m., a message comes through from the Mesaba, once again warning of heavy ice pack,

然後在晚上21點40分，梅薩巴號傳來消息，再次警告說有大冰層。

large icebergs, and field ice.

大冰山，和田野冰。

At 22:00 p.m., second officer Lightoller is replaced by first officer William Murdoch.

晚上22點，二等兵Lightoller被一等兵William Murdoch取代。

At around the same time, just 15 miles north of the Titanic

大約在同一時間，就在泰坦尼克號以北15英里的地方

the British Leyland Line steamship, SS Californian

加利福尼亞人號

had stopped for the night after spotting three icebergs and thick ice-beds.

在發現三座冰山和厚厚的冰床後，已經停了下來。

As her captain, Stanley Lord made his way back to his cabin, he spotted a light on the horizon.

當她的船長，斯坦利-洛德回到他的船艙時，他發現了地平線上的一束光。

He asked his third officer, if they were any ships in vicinity, to which he replied "Only Titanic."

他問他的三副，附近是否有船，他回答說："只有泰坦尼克號。"

Captain Lord replied "That's not the Titanic, she's closer in size to us."

船長大人回答說："那不是泰坦尼克號，它的大小和我們比較接近。"

Despite this, Lord asked for the Titanic to be contacted to let her know that they were stuck in ice.

儘管如此，勳爵還是要求聯繫泰坦尼克號，讓她知道他們被困在冰裡。

Third officer Evans, duly dispatched a message

三等兵埃文斯，適時地發了一條消息。

and reportedly received a curt reply from Titanic's operator, Jack Phillips

並據說收到了泰坦尼克號操作者傑克-菲利普斯的簡明答覆。

"Shut up! I'm busy. I'm working Cape Race."

"閉嘴！我很忙。我很忙。我在工作海角賽。"

Evans listened for a while longer, and at 35 minutes past 23:00 p.m., turned off the wireless system.

埃文斯又聽了一會兒，在晚上23點35分的時候，關閉了無線系統。

At the same time, after various reports of unusually calm ocean.

同時，經過各種報道，海洋異常平靜。

Now known to be a sign of ice pack, which was causing a mirage and making lookout duties almost impossible.

現在已知的是冰袋的跡象，這造成了海市蜃樓，使瞭望任務幾乎不可能完成。

Just 10 minutes later, they realized they are on a collision coarse with a giant iceberg.

僅僅10分鐘後，他們就意識到自己正與一座巨大的冰山發生碰撞粗。

Immediately, they sound the warning bell and telephone the bridge with the message: "Iceberg, right ahead!"

他們立即敲響警鐘，並向橋上打電話傳話。"冰山，就在前面！"

Officer Murdoch, orders hard-a-starboard to the helmsman

默多克警官，向舵手下達了硬板命令。

and calls for the engine room to stop engines.

並要求機房停止發動機。

He also activates the water-tight doors below that were essentially subdivisions in the hull

他還激活了下面的水密門，這些水密門本質上是船體上的次元。

in order to seal off any given 16 compartments.

以便封住任何給定的16個隔間。

It had been calculated that the Titanic could stay afloat with four of these compartments fully flooded.