Placeholder Image

字幕列表 影片播放

  • They were designed to be the best

    它們有著劃時代的設計....

  • they met enemies face to face,

    它們正面迎擊敵人

  • endured tragedies and enjoyed victories

    忍受挫敗並享受勝利...

  • they went down in history due to the bravery of their crews

    它們因為勇敢的船員而在歷史上留名

  • they are the ships that deserve to be called

    這些船艦值得被稱為

  • Naval Legends!”

    「海軍傳奇!」

  • In this episode: Battleship Iowa: a Trump Card That Was Never Played

    在這一集中: 戰鬥艦Iowa: 一張從未使用的王牌

  • In the 1930s, the whole world was crazy about two things: swing music and

    在1930年代,整個世界只為兩件事瘋狂: 爵士樂以及...

  • guns.

    火砲

  • The passion that politicians and industrial moguls

    政治家以及工業大亨

  • showed to the latter had all the signs of gigantomania.

    對後者有著極大的興趣

  • By finding legal loopholes in international arms control treaties and conventions,

    在國際軍備控制條約和公約中尋找合法的漏洞

  • or simply ignoring them,

    或是直接無視它們

  • countries were constantly building new and unprecedented weapon systems,

    許多國家都持續建造新型而且空前的

  • for both land and sea.

    空中和地面武器系統

  • They were becoming bigger,

    它們越來越巨大

  • heavier,

    笨重

  • and more powerful.

    且更強大

  • The global arms race involved the most advanced technologies

    全球性的軍備競賽包含著當時最先進的科技

  • of the time and huge financial resources.

    以及大量投入的資金

  • In order to compete with any of our potential enemies

    為了要與我們的潛在敵人競爭

  • enemies it was felt necessary to increase the size of our ships.

    人們認為有必要建造更巨大的船艦

  • So the Iowa was a 45,000-ton battleship.

    所以 Iowa 號是 45000 噸的戰鬥艦

  • The prior ships had been less: the South Dakota-class

    先前的船艦的重量都不到這個標準 South Dakota 級

  • and the North Carolina-class.

    North Carolina 級

  • A battleship is basically a floating artillery battery,

    一艘戰鬥艦基本上就是一座浮在水面上的大砲

  • so her size directly depends on the size of her primary guns.

    所以她的大小取決於她的主砲的大小

  • The 16-inch main batteries on battleship Iowa,

    Iowa 號戰鬥艦上 16 英吋的主砲

  • of which there are three, three turrets.

    總共有三座砲塔,三聯裝

  • Each turret has three guns

    每一座砲塔有三門砲

  • Everything about the ship design is structured around becoming

    所有艦上的設計都是圍繞著這三座砲塔

  • being a platform for the 16-inch guns.

    設計成 16 英吋主砲的平台

  • It's like small arms: there is a common misbelief that the pistol is designed first,

    就像是小型武器: 常見的誤解像是,先設計手槍

  • and then the cartridge.

    然後才是彈藥

  • No, the Defense Ministry always orders the cartridge.

    這並不正確 國防部門永遠會先要求彈藥規格

  • The same for ships: the enemy has 15 inches and 12 inches

    船艦上也是一樣,敵人擁有 380 公釐以及 305 公釐的火砲

  • Let's make 16 inches,

    那我們就來製造 406 公釐的火砲吧

  • because we already have some of the technologies.

    因為我們已經有部分的技術了

  • But let's not make it 40, but 50 calibers long. And they made a 16-inch gun.

    但是我們不要做成 40 倍徑,而要是 50 倍徑 所以他們就做了 406 公釐的火砲

  • So the ship was built to carry this particular gun

    船艦就是設計來裝備這樣特別的艦砲

  • Key Specifications of Battleship Iowa

    戰鬥艦 Iowa 性能諸元

  • Total displacement: 57,540 tons

    排水量: 57,540 噸

  • Length: 887 feet 6 inches

    長度: 270.5 公尺

  • Beam: 108 feet 3 inches

    寬度: 33 公尺

  • Draft: 36 feet 1 inch

    吃水: 11 公尺

  • Armament:

    武裝

  • Primary armament: Nine Mark 7 guns in three triple turrets

    主武裝: 九門 Mark 7 分裝在三座三連裝砲塔中

  • Caliber: 16 inches

    口徑: 406 公釐

  • Maximum range: 24 miles

    最大射程: 39 公里

  • Dual-purpose artillery:

    平高兩用砲:

  • 20 Mark 12 guns in 10 coaxial Mark 28 turrets

    20 門 Mark 12 砲分裝在 10 座 Mark 28 砲塔中

  • Caliber: 5 inches

    口徑: 127 公釐

  • Anti-aircraft armament: 19 quadruple Bofors guns

    防空武器: 19 座四連裝 Bofors 機砲

  • 52 Oerlikon Mark 2/3/4 autocannons

    52 門 Oerlikon Mark 2/3/4 機砲

  • Air group: 3 Vought OS2U Kingfisher floatplanes

    航空隊: 3 架 Vought OS2U Kingfisher水上機

  • During construction, Iowa's armor was declared

    在建造的過程中,因為要混淆敵人

  • higher than it actually was, in order to mislead the enemy.

    所以公佈的裝甲厚度高於實際厚度

  • The real specifications are as follows:

    以下是實際的裝甲厚度

  • Main belt: 12.1 inches

    主裝甲: 307 公釐

  • Main turrets: 7.2–17 inches

    主砲砲塔: 184–432 公釐

  • Conning tower: 7.2–17.3 inches

    指揮塔: 184–440 公釐

  • Main armor deck: 6–7 inches

    裝甲甲板: 153–179 公釐

  • Iowa has the most powerful power plant among battleships.

    相較於其他戰鬥艦,Iowa 號有最強的動力系統

  • Four geared turbine engines with

    四座渦輪發動機

  • eight turbines produced by General Electric.

    以及八座 GE 製造的渦輪機

  • Eight boilers produced by Babcock & Wilcox

    八座由 Babcock & Wilcox 製造的鍋爐

  • Power: 212,000 hp

    出力: 212,000 馬力

  • Maximum speed: about 33 knots

    極速: 約為 33 節

  • Cruising range: about 20,000 nautical miles at a speed of 15 knots

    巡航距離: 於15節航行時 約 20,000 英哩

  • Battleship Iowa had a very unique hull design and the bull nose.

    Iowa 號戰鬥艦有非常特殊的 船體和船艏設計

  • And you can also see that her lines were very tapered, almost aerodynamic.

    您可以看到她的線條很優美 幾乎可以說是符合空氣力學的

  • and that's all part and parcel of how they got

    這就是為什麼他們有辦法

  • this 57,000-ton behemoth up to a speed of 33 knots.

    讓這隻 57000 噸的巨獸以 33 節的高速飛奔

  • which is very, very fast and almost

    這非常非常快

  • you could say it's almost power boat speed,

    幾乎可以說是動力小艇的高速

  • you know, very unusual for a warship...

    你知道的 這對一艘軍艦來說很不尋常

  • This became an important advantage later on,

    這變成一個非常重要的優點

  • during the war in the Pacific Theatre.

    在太平洋戰場上

  • With a speed like that, Iowa could efficiently escort carrier task forces.

    有著這樣的速度 Iowa 號可以很有效的保護航母戰鬥群

  • They put about 140 20-mm and 40-mm anti-aircraft guns on the ship,

    他們在船上安裝了約 140 門 20mm 機砲和 40mm 防空機砲

  • and the carriers loved them because they were able to protect the carrier.

    航空母艦非常喜歡它們 因為這些武器有能力保護航母

  • When Iowa was still under construction, the Americans realized

    當 Iowa 號還在建造時,美國人發現

  • that she would play a secondary role in battles against the Japanese fleet.

    她將成為對抗日本艦隊的第二主力

  • Aircraft carriers were becoming the main striking force of the navy.

    航空母艦將是海軍主要的攻擊力量

  • But a giant like Iowa played a worthy role in the world war, too.

    但是像 Iowa 號這樣的巨人 依然在戰爭中扮演著重要角色

  • The battleship Iowa was commissioned in early 1943.

    戰鬥艦 Iowa 號號於1943年初服役

  • Its first mission on was to go north

    她的第一個任務是往北…

  • Naval intelligence felt that the Tirpitz, the German battleship,

    海軍情報機關認為德國戰鬥艦 Tirpitz 號

  • may be coming into the North Atlantic.

    也許會進入北大西洋海域

  • The battleship Iowa was sent on an early mission north to block the Tirpitz.

    戰鬥艦 Iowa 號被送往北方,阻止 Tirpitz 號

  • Suppose battleships Iowa and Tirpitz met in battle.

    假如戰鬥艦 Iowa 號與 Tirpitz 號相遇的話

  • Iowa had higher speed, greater maneuverability, and longer range of fire.

    Iowa 號有著較高的航速 更好的機動和更遠的火砲射程

  • Tirpitz would be trying to get in close to Iowa,

    Tirpitz 號需要找機會接近 Iowa 號

  • and Iowa would be looking to keep away,

    而 Iowa 號則需要保持距離優勢

  • maneuvering and firing at Tirpitz from a great distance.

    機動迴避,並且在遠距離上對 Tirpitz 號發動攻擊

  • Iowa would have definitely won this battle.

    Iowa 號絕對會贏得戰鬥

  • But the two naval heavyweight warriors never met,

    只是兩個海上重量級武士從沒遭遇過

  • so we can only imagine how their duel would have ended.

    因此我們只能想像她們的決鬥 會怎麼結束而已

  • Then, their second mission, on October 12, 1943, was to accompany,

    接下來,她們的第二個任務 1943年10月12日,是個伴隨任務

  • or I should say, carry Franklin Roosevelt across the Atlantic to North Africa.

    或是應該說 載著羅斯福越過大西洋,前往北非

  • From there he went on to visit Churchill and Stalin in the Tehran Conference.

    在那裡,他於德黑蘭會議中會見邱吉爾和史達林

  • Roosevelt was on board the ship for 15 days.

    羅斯福在船上待了 15 天

  • When President Roosevelt came on board, the first thing he saw was Vicky.

    當羅斯福總統登艦時 第一個看到的東西是 Vicky

  • Now, the first captain, Captain John McCrea,

    現在,海軍上校 John McCrea

  • brought this little dog home one day.

    帶著他的小狗回家的第一天

  • And his wife looked at the dog and said,

    他的妻子看到後說

  • Get that thing out of here.”

    「把那玩意給我弄出家裡。」

  • So Captain McCrea took the dog and brought him on the ship.

    因此,John McCrea 就帶著這隻小狗上船了

  • And President Roosevelt askedWho is this little dog?”

    然後羅斯福總統問到 「這隻小狗是誰啊?」

  • And Captain McCrea said, “Well, that's our little ship's mascot, named Vicky.”

    John McCrea 回答 「喔,這是我們船的吉祥物,名叫Vicky」

  • So Vicky spent the whole 15 days of the

    如此一來 Vicky 整整 15 天

  • Roosevelt's passage in the cabin with Roosevelt,

    都和總統待在同一個艙間

  • he would roll or play tricks.

    他會翻滾或是表演一些小把戲

  • While he wasn't very good as a sailor,

    儘管他不是個好水手

  • he was very good as a dog.

    但是卻是條好狗

  • And Roosevelt really enjoyed Vicky.

    而且 Vicky 也很討羅斯福喜歡

  • In early 1944, battleship Iowa joined the United States Fifth Fleet,

    1944年初,戰鬥艦 Iowa 號 加入美國海軍第五艦隊

  • which operated in the Pacific Ocean.

    這是一隻在太平洋活動的艦隊

  • By that time, US forces were already attacking Japanese positions on various islands.

    這個時候,美軍已在數個日佔島嶼發起攻擊

  • The battleship's role was to provide fire support to landing troops

    戰鬥艦的任務是提供登陸部隊火力支援

  • and escort aircraft carriers during air raids on the Philippines,

    還有保護攻擊菲律賓

  • the Ryukyu Islands, and Taiwan.

    琉球和台灣的航母戰鬥群

  • the ship crisscrossing across a lot of these

    艦隊經過很多

  • small islands that are really forgotten now.

    無名的島嶼

  • At one point they went up to support MacArthur's

    有一次,她們前去支援麥克阿瑟的

  • landing in the Philippines at Leyte Gulf.

    菲律賓雷伊泰灣登陸戰

  • And unfortunately they went the wrong way

    很不幸的 她們跑去追一支

  • at Leyte Gulf and chased a Japanese carrier

    可以說是誘餌的日本航艦艦隊

  • force that was really a decoy for the landing.

    這支艦隊對登陸來說並不是重點

  • They came back, but a little too late to assist in the Battle of Leyte Gulf.

    她們回頭,但是錯過了雷伊泰灣海戰的最佳時機

  • They missed that one opportunity to maybe have a contact with the Yamato.

    它們錯過了也許是遭遇大和號的機會

  • The two ships never met in combat;

    這兩艘船從沒機會在戰場上相遇

  • and both countries kept their capital battleships at,

    兩個國家都將她們做為旗艦

  • shall we say arm's length, kept them at distance,

    而且保護的很好 和敵人保持距離

  • because there was great political risk to having

    因為任何一方的嚴重受損

  • either one of the ships damaged severely in battle.

    對政治上來說都不利

  • Japanese industry, in those days, simply didn't

    那時候的日本工業

  • have the resources to build ships in large numbers.

    基本沒資源建造大規模的艦隊

  • The solution was simple: to make huge ships that would

    解決方法很簡單

  • exceed the largest ships of other nationssuper battleships.

    讓少數大船對抗敵人的大艦隊 – 這就是超級戰鬥艦

  • Battleship Yamato is the biggest battleship in the world.

    戰鬥艦大和號是世界上最大的戰鬥艦

  • Her shell velocity was 2,600 ft/s

    她的主砲砲彈重達 1.5 噸

  • while its weight could be up to 3,300 pounds

    以每秒 790 公尺的初速射出

  • Such a large gun could inflict very serious damage.

    這麼大口徑的砲彈可以製造非常嚴重的傷害

  • They beat us. The Japanese essentially broke the treaty.

    他們打敗我們了 日本人實質上違反了條約

  • On the other side,

    另一方面

  • Соединённые Штаты Америки.

    美國建造的

  • the United States of America was simply building a ship

    軍艦

  • that met the contemporary requirements of naval warfare

    符合當代海軍要求

  • and could easily, without any extra effort, be built by the American industry

    並且可以毫無困難的讓美國工業生產出來

  • During the war the Japanese fleet could afford to build only two battleships,

    在戰時,日本艦隊只能養得起兩艘戰鬥艦

  • while the Americans were able to construct more and more new battleships

    而美國卻能製造更多更多的新型戰艦

  • The Americans were simply building another ship, and she turned out to be a good one...

    美國人只是單純的建造一艘新船 而這艘船其實很不錯

  • The Iowa, I think (of course, I would probably say this),

    我覺得(當然,我也應該會這麼說)

  • would've taken the day in a battle against the Yamato.

    應該能在戰鬥中對抗大和號

  • She had very accurate fire control for a ship of the 1940s.

    Iowa 號有著1940年代非常精確的火控系統

  • And I think that would be an advantage for her if that ship fights such a battle.

    我想這對於艦隊砲戰來說十分重要

  • It was so accurate that in 1984, when they recommissioned the ship,

    這玩意真的很準 1984年這艘船再次服役時

  • they kept the existing system in place, even though they had modern computers.

    他們還是使用著這套系統 儘管他們有新的現代電腦

  • The Iowa could put a round very, very close to the

    Iowa 號依然可以把砲彈打在非常靠近目標的位置

  • target, so accurate that they didn't need to change it.

    他們根本不需要換掉這套系統

  • Iowa was the most dangerous enemy for Yamato.

    Iowa 號是大和號最大的敵人

  • If they had met at a range from from 66,000 to 98,000 feet

    如果她們於 20~30 公里的距離上相遇

  • especially in a one-on-one fight and in fine

    尤其是一對一戰鬥

  • weather, Iowa would have no chance of winning.

    而且天氣狀況良好的話,Iowa 號基本不可能獲勝

  • However, thanks to better radar Iowa could fight in bad weather and at night.

    但是,Iowa 號優秀的雷達系統讓她可以在惡劣天氣或是夜間作戰

  • Powerful guns, high speed, and precise radar made Iowa a formidable adversary.

    威力巨大的主砲,高航速還有精確的雷達 使得 Iowa 號成為一個可敬的對手

  • If these two battleships had fought each other,

    如果這兩艘戰鬥艦相遇的話

  • the victory would depend completely on the battle conditions

    獲勝與否完全取決於戰場的氣候狀況

  • We could get in quick and fire. But then there's always the lucky shot.

    我們有能力快速就位並射擊 但是幸運的一擊都有可能出現

  • The changing tactics of naval warfare increased the role of aircraft carriers

    海軍戰術的改變 使得航空母艦的地位上升

  • and deprived Iowa of a chance to use its primary armament against surface ships.

    戰鬥艦變得沒什麼機會對抗水面艦艇

  • So the battleship used its firepower against the enemy's coastal positions.

    因此,戰鬥艦常常用其火力 壓制敵方岸防據點

  • On August 29, 1945, when the war was virtually over,

    1945年8月29日,當戰爭已經結束時

  • Iowa stood side by side with her sister ship Missouri and entered the Tokyo Bay

    Iowa 號和她的姊妹艦 Missouri 號以佔領軍的姿態

  • as part of the occupation force.

    肩並肩進入東京灣

  • We were next to our sister ship, the Missouri.

    我們和姊妹艦 Missouri 號在一起

  • And the Missouri, of course, is where Douglas MacArthur

    當然,那就是麥克阿瑟將軍

  • accepted the final surrender of the Japanese.

    接受日本投降的地方

  • Now, we like to say on the Iowa that had Roosevelt lived,

    現在,我們認為既然羅斯福住過 Iowa 號

  • that signing might have been on the Iowa, because he had been on this ship.

    簽字儀式就應該在這艘船上面

  • But President Truman was from the state of

    但是杜魯門總統是密蘇里州出生的

  • Missouri, and so the signing was on the Missouri.

    所以簽字儀式就在 Missouri 號上面舉行

  • A sailor that was on that trip once told me

    當時在場的一位水手告訴我…

  • I asked him if he was sad that he didn't get the signing instead of the Missouri.

    我問他你會對於簽字地點不在 Iowa 號上面感到難過嗎?

  • And he said, “No, not really.

    他說「 不,才不會

  • The war was over, we had lived, we were going home to our wives and children,

    戰爭已經結束了 我們終於可以返家見見孩子和妻子

  • and all the guys on the Missouri were busy preparing

    而 Missouri 號上的人都在忙著準備

  • a photo opportunity for Douglas MacArthur.”

    拍攝整個簽字儀式"

  • At the end of the war, we brought back a large number of American POWs,

    戰爭結束後,我們帶回了一大批美籍戰俘

  • Japanese prisoners of war

    在日本的戰俘

  • And we brought them home and sailed through the Golden Gate bridge.

    我們帶他們回家,當我們航行過金門大橋時

  • And the war was over.

    戰爭真的結束了

  • For her service in World War II, the battleship was decorated with nine battle stars.

    這艘戰鬥艦在二戰中榮獲九枚戰鬥之星

  • In 1949, Iowa was decommissioned into the reserve fleet, but two years later

    1949年,Iowa 號退役,並編入後備艦隊 但是兩年之後

  • she was recommissioned and sent on a mission to the coast of Korea.

    她重新服役,並送到朝鮮戰場作戰

  • The battleship returned home with two more battle stars.

    這艘戰艦在戰爭結束後再獲得兩顆戰鬥之星

  • From 1958 to 1984, Iowa was kept in reserve, and after

    1958到1984年間,Iowa 號維持其後備艦艇的身分

  • modernization she returned to active service again.

    進行現代化改裝之後再次回到現役

  • However, the event that took place in the late 1980s showed

    無論如何,一場發生在 80 年代末期的事故

  • that battleships can also sustain losses outside of wartime.

    讓我們了解了就算沒有戰爭 戰艦還是可能遭受損失

  • On April 19, 1989, the biggest tragedy that ever struck this ship occurred.

    1989年4月19日,這艘船遭遇了她的最大危機

  • The ship was about 400 miles or so north of Puerto Rico.

    該艦在波多黎各北方 400 英哩處

  • As I understand it, they had loaded the shell in the Number 2 turret,

    據我所知,他們已經裝填好二號砲塔的彈頭

  • rammed in the powder, and they were about to close the breach when something happened.

    正在裝填推進藥 並且正要關閉砲尾時悲劇發生了

  • There was an explosion that killed 47 men...

    這次爆炸造成 47 人殉職

  • It was by far the biggest loss of life on the ship.

    這是該艦遭遇過最大的一次人員傷亡

  • Having recovered from the tragedy, the battleship

    從災難中復原後 這艘戰鬥艦

  • returned home and joined the reserve fleet.

    返回家鄉並加入了後備艦隊

  • In 2001, 58 years since her launch by the New York Naval Shipyard,

    2001年,在紐約海軍船塢下水的 58 年後

  • after she had crossed tens of thousands of miles

    這艘航行了上萬英哩

  • and fired thousands of shells at the enemies,

    並射擊千發砲彈的戰艦 Iowa 號

  • battleship Iowa was berthed in the Port of Los Angeles.

    最後停泊在洛杉磯的港口中

  • She's unique, because she did have three careers in the Navy:

    她很特別 因為她有三段海軍服役生涯:

  • World War II, Korea, and the 1980s.

    二戰,韓戰,還有80年代

  • And then now she's on her fourth career as a museum ship...

    而現在,她再次服役 以一艘博物館船的身分

They were designed to be the best

它們有著劃時代的設計....

字幕與單字

單字即點即查 點擊單字可以查詢單字解釋