English, I'm Neil and joining me today is Rob.

我是尼爾，今天和羅勃一起主持節目

Hello.

嗨！

So Rob, what's the most dangerous thing

羅勃，你曾經做過最危險的

you've ever chosen to do?

事情是什麼？

Mmm. Tricky question. I've done

嗯 ... 好問題

many risky things but probably the most

我做過很多危險的事，但最危險的事

risky thing is bungee jumping in

可能是在紐西蘭

New Zealand.

高空彈跳的那次

Oh wow, bungee jumping. You'd

哇！高空彈跳！

never catch me doing that. Did you enjoy it?

我絕對做不到，你喜歡那次經驗嗎？

No, not really. I won't do it again!

不，真的沒有，我不會再玩了！

OK, well today our topic is risk and

今天我們的主題是風險

how different people react to different

探討不同人對於不同程度的

levels of risk in different ways.

風險有什麼樣不同的反應

For example, would you be happy to be in a

舉例來說，你樂於坐在

driverless car?

無人駕駛汽車嗎？

Absolutely not! No, I don't trust

絕對不敢，即使是電腦操控

anybody's driving even a computer so no,

我還是不能接受無人駕駛

I wouldn't go in a driverless car.

所以我不會坐無人駕駛汽車

OK, I won't offer you a lift! Driverless

好，我不會讓你坐！

cars are the topic of today's quiz.

我們今天的小考主題是無人駕駛汽車

The question is: When was the first driverless

題目是第一輛無人駕駛汽車在道路上展示

car demonstrated on a public road? Was it:

是什麼時候？

a) 1970s, b) 1950s, or c) 1920s.

a) 1970 年代 b) 1950 年代或 c) 1920 年代

I think they are quite modern, so I'm

我覺得應該是接近現代

going to say 1970s.

所以我選 1970 年代

OK, well we'll find out if you're right at

我們會在節目結束前

the end of the programme.

揭曉答案

Joe Kable is an Associate Professor of

Joe Kable 是

Psychology at the University of

賓夕法尼亞大學心理學系的副教授

Pennsylvania. In a recent

在最近 BBC 科學節目

BBC science programme, All in the Mind,

《All in the Mind》

he talked about the psychology

他提到風險心理學

of risk and whether there was anything

和我們的大腦中

physically in our brains that could predict

是否有任何東西可以預測

how much risk we are prepared to accept.

我們準備接受多高的風險

Here he is, first talking about a number

他首先談論一些

of different ways people see risk. How

人們看風險的方式

many different types does he describe?

他提到幾個不同的類型？

Some people are quite

有些人是

risk-averse and

風險厭惡者

really don't want to take any decisions

他們不想在有風險的地方

where there's risk involved at all, whereas

做任何決定

others are fairly risk-tolerant and in some

但有些人是能接受風險者

cases even risk-seeking so, they seek out

甚至是尋求風險者，在某些狀況下

decisions that have an aspect

他們會依照當下情況

of risk to them.

做有風險的決策

How many different types of people

當說到面對風險的態度

did he mention, when it comes to

他提到幾個不同

attitudes to risk?

類型的人們？

Well there were three. The first group

有三個，第一個族群

was those who are risk-averse. If you are

是厭惡風險者

averse to something, you are against it,

如果你厭惡某事，你就會反對它

you don't like it. So risk-averse people

你不會喜歡它的，所以厭惡風險者

don't like to take risks.

不喜歡承擔風險

The second group are those who are

第二個族群是

risk-tolerant.

接受風險者

If you are tolerant of something, you

如果你能容忍某事，代表你

accept it, you don't mind it, it's not a

接受它，它不會造成你的問題

problem for you. So someone who is risk-

所以接受風險者

tolerant is not worried by an element of

不會擔心他們的選擇

risk in what they choose to do.

包含風險因子

The third group he mentioned are

第三個族群是

those who are risk-seeking. If you seek

尋求風險者

something, you actively look for it,

如果你尋求某事，代表你是積極找尋

you try to find it.

嘗試找尋它

So risk seekers are those who enjoy risk

所以尋求風險者是很喜歡冒險

and what to take risks in their life.

享受人生中的冒險

Associate Professor Kable carried

Kable 副教授做了研究

out research on risk-taking and

有關風險承擔

discovered that there were

然後發現

differences in brain structure and the way

風險厭惡、接受風險、尋求風險者的

parts of the brain worked together

腦部結構和

between those who are risk-averse and

腦部運作方式

those who are risk-tolerant or

都有所不同

risk seekers.

So it seems as if this is something

所以這似乎是可以

that could be measured. You could put

被量測出來的

someone in a brain scanner and tell if

你可以用腦部掃描儀器

they like risk or not.

偵測某人是否喜歡風險

I wonder how useful that would be though,

我想知道這會有多大的用處

is there any practical application for this

有任何可以實際應用

knowledge?

這個知識嗎？

Good question and one that was put

好問題，我們把問題交給

to Kable.

Kable

What area does he say this could be

這個研究可以應用在

applied to?

什麼領域呢？

Definitely something that I can

從中我可以看到

see coming out of this is using these

未來可以用這項研究

associations to help develop better

來幫助人們評估

assessments of who's likely to take risks

誰可能可以承擔風險

versus not. This is exactly the thing that

這確實是

financial advisors want to assess when

財務顧問想做的評估

you come to them and say 'I want to put

當你諮詢他們，且說：「我想要

my money away for retirement.'

把我的錢存起來當退休金。」

Exactly the aspect of your personality that

他們想要確實知道你的個性

they want to know is what's your

究竟對承擔風險的

tolerance for taking risk?

容忍度有多少？

In which area does he say

他說到

knowledge of someone's attitude to risk

風險研究的知識對哪個領域

might be useful?

可能很有用？

Financial planning. He says that

財務規劃，他說到

financial advisors, who are people that

財務顧問，也就是給予他人意見

give advice on what to do with our money,

幫助人們規劃理財

would find this information very useful.

他們會發現這個風險研究非常有用

It would help them to assess what to do

這會幫他們評估你要怎麼使用這筆錢

with your money, which means it would

也就是說

help them to decide, to make an

可以幫助他們做決策

intelligent decision about your money in

對於特定的情況

certain situations.

用你的錢做出最明智的決策

For example if you are planning for

舉例來說，如果你計畫退休

your retirement. Retirement is the time

退休是指你可以停止

when are able to or you have to stop working.

工作的時候

He also used an interesting

他還用了有趣的表達

expression there: to put your money away,

put your money away 的意思是

which means 'save your money', 'put it

把你的錢存起來

somewhere where you can't spend it and

把錢放在你花不到的地方或是

where it can grow'.

可以生更多錢的地方

You know I think my financial planner

我覺得我的理財師

could just ask me about how I feel about

只問我對於風險有什麼想法

risk rather than giving me a brain scan.

而不是給我一個腦部掃描儀器

I heard brain scans can be risky!

我聽說腦部掃描器有風險！

Mmm, not sure that's true but

嗯 ... 我不確定是不是真的

anyway, what is true is the answer to this

但是不管如何，這周的小考答案會是真的

week's quiz question. I asked you when

我問了第一台無人駕駛汽車

the first driverless car was demonstrated

是什麼時候展示在道路上的？

on a public road. The options were

選擇有

a) the 1970s, b) the1950s and c) the 1920s.

a) 1970 年代 b) 1950 年代和 c) 1920 年代

What did you say Rob?

羅勃，你的答案是什麼？

I said the 1970s.

我選 1970 年代

And you were wrong I'm afraid.

我很抱歉你答錯了

Apparently it was the 1920s so a long

顯然地是1920年代，是很久以前了

time ago. Well done if you got that right.

如果你答對了，你很棒！

Now before we drive off into the sunset,

在我們節目結束之前

let's recap today's vocabulary.

我們來複習一下今天的單字

Yes right, first we had three words

好的，首先我們有三個字

describing different attitudes to risk.

形容面對不同風險的態度類型

There was risk-averse, for people who

風險厭惡者，也就是不喜歡

don't like risk.

風險的人們

People who don't mind risk are

不介意有風險的人是

risk-tolerant.

接受風險者

And people who like risk and want

還有喜歡風險，會去追求風險的人是

risk are risk seekers.

尋求風險者

Next we had the verb to assess.

下一個是動詞 assess (評估)

This means 'to make a judgement or a

意思是根據訊息

decision based on information'.

做出判斷或決策

A phrase meaning 'to save money' is

有個片語 to put money away (存錢)

to put money away.

意思是存錢

And finally we had retirement. That

最後還有個字 retirement (退休)

time of life when you are too old to work

就是當你太老無法再繼續工作的時候

anymore or you have enough money that

或是你有足夠的錢以至於

you don't need to work anymore. Are you

你不需要在工作的時候

looking forward to your retirement Rob?

羅勃，你是否期待退休呢？

Cheeky. I'm neither old enough nor

想都沒想過，我還不夠老

rich enough to even think about that Neil.

也還不夠有錢去想這件事，尼爾

Same here. Well that's all from us

我也是，以上是今天的節目

today, and you don't have to be a risk seeker

你不需要成為一個尋求風險者

to find us on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram

就可以在 Facebook、Twitter、Instagram

and YouTube, and of course on our

和 YouTube 找到我們的影片

website bbclearningenglish.com!

當然還有我們的網站 bbclearningenglish.com

Thank you for joining us and goodbye.

謝謝你的參與，拜拜

Bye!

拜！