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字幕列表 影片播放

  • (calm electronic theme music)

    ( 平靜的電子主題音樂 )

  • Hello everyone, and welcome back to English with Lucy.

    大家好,歡迎回到 English with Lucy

  • What a long time!

    好久不見啦!

  • So much has happened since I've been away.

    從我離開到現在發生了好多事

  • I basically went on a trip, and then I got really, really ill,

    基本上我出去旅行了一趟,然後我生了好大一場病

  • and I just had to recover.

    而我必須要讓自己康復

  • I could hardly speak.

    我幾乎沒辦法說話

  • If you follow me on Instagram you will know about that,

    如果你有追蹤我的 Instagram 你就會知道這回事

  • but, I'm back today with a really

    但,今天我回來了

  • highly-requested grammar video.

    帶來這部許多人都想知道的文法影片

  • We're going to be talking about the difference

    我們要來討論

  • between "this," "these," "that," and "those."

    「this」、「these」、「that」 跟 「those」 的不同

  • It's a seriously important lesson.

    這真的是很重要的一課

  • I hear people confuse these words all the time.

    我聽說人們總是會搞混這些字的用法

  • And, on almost every single Instagram post,

    然後,幾乎在所有 Instagram 貼文上

  • somebody asks me to make at least a video about "these" and "this."

    都有人請求我至少拍一部有關 「these」 跟 「this」 的影片

  • So, hopefully, that's going to be really, really useful for you.

    所以,希望這真的會對你很有幫助

  • Before we get started, I'd just like to thank

    在開始之前,我想先感謝

  • the sponsor of today's video.

    今天影片的贊助商

  • It's Lingoda, with an extra special offer for you.

    就是 Lingoda,還提供了額外的好康給各位

  • Lingoda is an online language academy which employs native,

    Lingoda 是個線上語言學院,他們聘請了許多

  • qualified teachers to deliver small group classes,

    本地的合格教師來提供小班課程

  • private classes, or a perfect combination of the two.

    私人課程或是兩者兼具的課程

  • I've tried them out myself, and I totally approve.

    我曾自己試用過,我非常贊成大家使用

  • I've got two special offers for you today,

    我今天帶來了兩個特別方案給你

  • so you can choose which one you want.

    所以你可以選擇一個想要的

  • You can get 30% off all three month subscription packages with the code LUCY30OFF

    你輸入代碼 LUCY30OFF,就可以獲得 3 個月課程訂閱金 30% 折扣

  • and 50% off all certificate courses with the code LUCY50OFF.

    或是輸入 LUCY50OFF,可以獲得所有認證課程費用 50% 折扣

  • With that last code, LUCY50OFF,

    後面的代碼,LUCY50OFF

  • you can get six months of English lessons

    你可以獲得 6 個月的英文課程

  • for the price of three months,

    但只要 3 個月的價錢

  • and you can go up an entire English level.

    而你可以大大提升英語能力

  • All you have to do is click on the offer links in the description box and use the codes.

    你要做的就是點擊資訊欄裡的連結並使用代碼

  • Right, let's get on with the lesson.

    好了,讓我們來上課吧

  • "This," "that," "these," and "those" are demonstratives.

    「This」、「that」、「these」 跟 「those」 都是指示詞

  • We use "this," "that," "these," and "those,"

    我們使用 「This」、「that」、「these」 跟 「those」

  • I have to get good at saying that,

    我必須好好說明

  • to point to people or things.

    用來指出人或物的用途

  • "This" and "that" are singular,

    「This」 跟 「that」 是單數

  • and "these" and "those" are plural.

    「these」 跟 「those」 是複數

  • "This," singular, and "these," plural,

    單數的 「This」 跟複數的 「these」

  • refer to things that are close to the speaker,

    是物品接近說話者時使用的指示詞

  • much like the word "here."

    比較像 「here」 這個詞

  • Here, "this," "these."

    在這裡,「this」、「these」

  • On the other hand, "that" and "those"

    另一方面,「that」 跟 「those」

  • refer to things that are further away from the speaker,

    是物品離說話者比較遠的時候使用的指示詞

  • much like the word "there."

    比較像 「there」 這個詞

  • "That," "those," there.

    「That」、「those」,在那裡

  • So, "this" and "these" are here,

    所以,「this」 跟 「these」 是說在這裡

  • "that" and "those" are there.

    「that」 跟 「those」 是說在那裡

  • "This," "these," here.

    「This」、「these」,在這裡

  • "That," "those," there.

    「That」、「those」,在那裡

  • Learn that and remember it in your head,

    學起來,並且記在腦袋裡

  • because at some point you might need

    因為在某個時候你可能需要

  • to remember which one is which.

    記得該用哪一個

  • Before we talk about the ins and outs,

    在我們說清來龍去脈之前

  • the fine details of "this," "that," "these," and "those,"

    有關 「this」、「that」、「these」 跟 「those」 更詳細的細節

  • let's talk about the pronunciation of the words

    我們先來說說這些字怎麼發音吧

  • and how they differ from each other,

    還有它們之間的差異

  • because I know so many students struggle

    因為我知道很多學生

  • with the pronunciation, especially of "this" and "these."

    覺得發音很難,特別是 「this」 跟 「these」

  • "That" and "those," completely different vowel sounds.

    「That」 跟 「those」 是完全不同的母音

  • Ah, "that."

    「啊」,「That」

  • Oh, "those."

    「喔嗚」,「those」

  • Those shouldn't be too difficult.

    那些應該不會太難

  • Note that sometimes people might put a glottal stop at the end of "that."

    注意,有時人們可能會在 「that」 這個詞結尾做停頓

  • "Now that is amazing."

    「現在那個東西,真的很驚人。」

  • See? That's naturally how I would say,

    看到了嗎?我自然而然的就會這麼說話

  • "That is amazing."

    「那真的很驚人。」

  • "Those," make sure you're ending with a "zzz" sound.

    「Those」,要記得結尾是個 「z」 的音

  • Don't end it with a "sss" sound.

    不要以 「s」 的音結尾

  • So, it's not "thossse," which is actually quite hard to say.

    所以,不是唸 「thoSe」,其實這樣不好唸

  • It's "thozze," "those."

    而是唸 「thoZe」,「those」

  • Now, "this" and "these."

    現在輪到 「this」 跟 「these」

  • Well, firstly, the vowel sound is very similar,

    首先,母音唸法非常相似

  • but, it is different.

    但,還是不同

  • With "this," we have an "ih," "ih."

    「this」 這個詞,要唸「亦」的音

  • It's a short vowel sound.

    是個短母音

  • "These" we have "eee."

    「These」 則是 「依」

  • It's a long vowel sound.

    是個長母音

  • The mouth shape is the same "ih," "ee," "ih," "ee."

    嘴巴的形狀是一樣的,「亦」、「依」、「亦」、「依」

  • We just elongate the vowel sound for "these."

    只是在唸 「these」 的時候延長母音

  • And then, the most important thing in my opinion,

    然後,我覺得最重要的

  • is the phoneme at the end of the word.

    就是字的結尾音

  • "Thissss."

    「thiS」

  • "Thezzzze."

    「theZe」

  • So, "this" has a "sss" sound, and "these" has a "zzz" sound,

    所以,「this」 是 「s」 的音,「these」 是 「z」 的音

  • like with "those."

    就跟 「those」 一樣

  • I hear a lot of students say, "Thessse. Thessse,"

    我聽過很多學生說,「theSe」

  • and I don't know if they're trying to say, "This,"

    而我不知道他們是要說 「this」

  • or "these."

    還是 「these」

  • So, make sure, "Thisss," short "is" sound, ending in an "s."

    所以,要弄清楚,「This」,短的 「is」 聲,結尾音是 「s」

  • "Is," "this."

    「Is」,「this」

  • "Theeese," long e sound ending in a zed: "Theeeze."

    「These」,長的 「e」 聲,結尾音是 「z」 字母,「These」

  • "Thesss" is like a combination of the two.

    「Thess」 有點像兩者的結合

  • It's not the end of the world, but

    沒有那麼的糟,但

  • you might miscommunicate a little.

    你可能會誤傳你想表達的意思

  • You might be referring to multiple things.

    你可能是指複數物品

  • You're trying to say, "These," which is a plural.

    你想要說 「These」,它是複數指示詞

  • But people will think you're trying to say one thing,

    但人們會想你要說的是一個物品

  • "This," because it's a singular.

    「This」,因為它是單數指示詞

  • So, just bear that in mind and practise a little at home.

    所以,要牢記在心,並在家稍微練習一下

  • So, we use "this," "that," "these," and "those"

    所以我們使用 「this」、「that」、「these」 跟 「those」

  • as determiners.

    作為限定詞

  • For example: "What's this book about?"

    舉例來說:「這本書的內容是關於什麼?」

  • "That door's unlocked."

    「那扇門沒鎖。」

  • "I really like those socks."

    「我真的很喜歡那些短襪。」

  • We also use them as pronouns.

    我們也會把它們用作代名詞

  • "This is lovely."

    「這個真可愛。」

  • "That is a great achievement."

    「那是個很大的成就。」

  • "You can take these home."

    「你可以把這些帶回家。」

  • But, what are the rules?

    但,有什麼規則呢?

  • We use "this" and "that" with singular, uncountable nouns,

    在單數、不可數名詞,我們會使用 「this」 跟 「that」

  • singular, uncountable nouns.

    單數、不可數名詞

  • "This bread is stale."

    「這個麵包腐壞了。」

  • Stale means not fresh.

    腐壞意思是不新鮮

  • And, an uncountable example: "Please pass me that coffee."

    不可數名詞的例句:「請遞給我那杯咖啡。」

  • We use "those" and "these" with plural nouns.

    複數名詞會使用 「those」 跟 「these」

  • "These shoes are yours."

    「這些鞋子是你的。」

  • "Those houses are for sale."

    「那些房子是要出售的。」

  • Note: we tend to use "this" with words describing time and dates.

    小筆記:描述時間跟日期,我們傾向使用 「this」

  • For example: "This morning, I went on a run."

    例如:「今天早上,我去慢跑了。」

  • Or, "I'm going to Paris this week."

    或是「這週我要去巴黎。」

  • We can use "that" with words describing time and date,

    我們可以使用 「that」 來描述時間跟日期

  • but it's normally about something that was a long time ago that you're remembering

    但通常是你現在還記得的很久以前的事

  • or something in the future that might or might not happen.

    或是某件未來會或不會發生的事

  • For example: "Ah yes, the summer of 2012, that summer was a great summer."

    例如:「啊對,西元 2012 年的夏天,那年夏天是個很棒的夏天。」

  • It happened a long time ago.

    這是很久以前的事

  • Or, "I wonder if I'll ever get married. That day would be great!"

    或是「我不知道我會不會結婚,那天一定很棒!」

  • Just a subtle hint there.

    只是個微妙的暗示

  • Right! Let's look at pronouns.

    好!來看看代名詞

  • We normally use "this," "that," "these," and "those"

    我們通常會將 「this」、「that」、「these」 跟 「those」

  • as pronouns to refer to things or ideas.

    作為某事物或意見的代名詞

  • For example: "We're going for a Sunday roast first,

    例如:「我們要先來個週日烤肉

  • and then for a walk around the village.

    然後在村莊裡逛逛

  • Are you happy with that?"

    那樣你滿意嗎?」

  • It means, "Are you happy with the idea of going for a roast first and then a walk?"

    這意思是,「你滿意我們先烤肉再逛逛的主意嗎?」

  • The whole thing is an idea at the moment.

    在那個時刻,整件事是個想法

  • "Are you happy with that idea?"

    「你對這想法滿意嗎?」

  • "It sounds like a great idea to me.

    「對我來說,聽起來是個好主意

  • That is my dream Sunday."

    那是我夢想中的週日。」

  • Or, talking about music: "Can you turn that down please.

    或是,討論音樂:「請你把那個關掉

  • I hate Heavy Metal."

    我討厭重金屬音樂。」

  • Or, things, if I'm talking about someone's earrings.

    或是物品,如果我在討論某人的耳環

  • "Those are beautiful."

    「那些很好看。」

  • Those earrings are beautiful.

    那些耳環很好看

  • We can also use "this," "that," "those," and "these"

    我們也可以用 「this」、「that」、「those」 跟 「these」代表人

  • to refer to people when we want to identify ourselves or others

    當我們想表明自己或他人的身分時

  • or we want to ask the identity of other people.

    或我們想要詢問他人的身分時

  • For example: "This is my brother, George."

    例如:「這是我的兄弟,George。」

  • Or, "That's my mother over there."

    或者「在那裡的是我媽媽。」

  • Or, "Hello. Is that John?

    或是「哈囉,是 John 嗎?」

  • "This is Lucy speaking."

    「我是 Lucy。」

  • "Is that John?" because he's far away.

    「是 John 嗎?」用 that,因為他在很遠的地方

  • And, "This is Lucy," because I am right here.

    「我是 Lucy。」用 this,因為我在這裡

  • I'm close to myself, in fact, I'm inside myself.

    我很接近我自己,事實上,我就是我自己

  • Well, anyway. Yes.

    好吧,無論如何,就是這樣

  • So, as I said at the beginning, we use "this" and "these"

    所以,如同我剛開始說的,我們用 「this」 跟 「these」

  • to refer to things that are here

    來代表在這裡的東西

  • and "that" and "those" to refer to things that are over there.

    然後 「that」 跟 「those」 代表在那裡的東西

  • "Can I use this pen?"

    「我可以用這支筆嗎?」

  • "I'll print this tomorrow."

    「我明天會把這個印出來。」

  • "I got these done last week, in San Francisco."

    「我上週在舊金山做了這些。」

  • It's true, it's an amazing colour, isn't it?

    這是真的,很棒的顏色,不是嗎?

  • Beckoning Begonia by Chillac.

    Chillac 的淺粉紫色指甲油

  • Back to English lessons.

    回到英文課來

  • "That" and "those": "What's that over there?"

    「That」 跟 「those」:「那裡的是甚麼東西?」

  • "Those pictures we took yesterday were amazing!"

    「我們昨天拍的那些照片很棒!」

  • "Ah, Seville, that's my favourite place."

    「啊,Seville,那是我最喜歡的地方。」

  • However, let's talk now about emotional distance.

    然而,現在我們來談談情緒距離

  • Sometimes there's not a real physical distance,

    有時候並不是一個真正的物理距離

  • there's an emotional distance.

    而是一個情緒距離

  • This is pretty advanced, so, if you can conquer this,

    這個蠻進階的,如果你可以掌握這個

  • you can conquer anything.

    你就能掌握所有的東西

  • Remember, this isn't a 100% strict rule,

    記得,這不是 100% 絕對的規則

  • it mostly depends on tone of voice.

    這大部分取決於聲調

  • But, just so that you understand it in general.

    但為了讓你瞭解一般情況如何

  • We generally use "this" and "these" to refer to things that we feel positive about.

    我們通常會用 「this」 跟 「these」代表我們覺得正向、肯定的事物

  • To refer to things that we feel positive about,

    來代表我們覺得正向、肯定的事物

  • that we are pleased to be associated with, or we approve of.

    我們想要產生關聯的事物或我們贊成的事物

  • For example: "I love these new hats that everyone seems to be wearing!"

    例如:「我愛這些新帽子,大家好像都會戴!」

  • I like the hats.

    我喜歡這些帽子

  • I approve of the hats.

    我認同這些帽子

  • I use these.

    我用 these

  • I'm a simple woman.

    我是個很坦率的女人

  • We use "that" and "those" to create a bit of distance,

    我們用 「that」 跟 「those」 來創造一點點距離

  • things that we might disapprove of,

    代表我們可能不認同的事物

  • things that we don't like, things that we don't want to be associated with.

    我們不喜歡的事物、我們不想產生關聯的事物

  • "Have you seen those awful shoes!"

    「你有看到這些可怕的鞋子嗎!」

  • Or, "What did that friend of yours say?"

    或是「你那個朋友說了什麼?」

  • I don't like the friend, so I'm saying, "That friend."

    我不喜歡那個朋友,所以我說「那個朋友」

  • Now, let's discuss shared knowledge and new information.

    現在,我們來討論一下共享知識與新資訊

  • We sometimes use "that" instead of "the" to refer

    我們有時候會用 「that」而不是 「the」

  • the listener to shared knowledge, things that we both know.

    代表向聽者分享我們都知道的知識、事物

  • Often, when we're explaining something or we're telling a story.

    往往當我們在解釋某個事物或我們在說故事時

  • So, this is pretty informal.

    所以這蠻不正式的

  • For example: "You know that house down the road?

    舉個例子:「你知道路上的那棟房子嗎?

  • It's getting demolished on Sunday."

    它要在星期日被摧毀了。」

  • We both know about the house.

    我們都知道那棟房子

  • It's shared knowledge, so I'm referring to it as

    它是共享知識,所以我說

  • "that house" down the road.

    在路上的「那棟房子」

  • I don't need to specify which one because

    我不需要指名是哪一棟

  • my friend will know what I'm talking about.

    因為我的朋友會知道我在說哪一棟

  • We sometimes use "this" instead of "a" or "an"

    我們偶爾會用 「this」 不是 「a」 或 「an」

  • to refer to something important or recent,

    代表某個重要的、近來的事物

  • or to introduce a new thing or person into a story or conversation.

    或是在一個故事或對話中加入一個新事物或人

  • For example: "This random woman came into my garden last week."

    例如:「這個女人上週跑進我的花園。」

  • If I were to say, "That random woman," it would mean

    如果我說,「那個女人」就代表

  • that we already know who that random woman is.

    我們都知道那個女人是誰

  • It would be shared knowledge.

    它會是共享知識

  • Because it's "this random woman," it's a new person,

    因為我說「這個女人」,她是個新的人物

  • it's a new element for the conversation.

    是在這個對話中的新元素

  • So, "that" is very informal, that's language that we

    所以 「that」 是個很不正式的用法

  • use whilst having conversations with friends.

    那是我們在跟朋友交談時用的語言

  • What about formal writing, because I guess a lot of you are doing exams?

    正式的書寫是如何呢,因為我想你們多數人都要考試吧?

  • This will be important for you.

    這對你來說會很重要

  • So, we use "that" and "those" in formal writing

    所以我們在正式書寫中會用 「that」 跟 「those」

  • as substitutes for "the one" or "the ones."

    代替「這一個」或是「這一些」

  • For example: "The best example is that given in the first paragraph."

    例如:「最好的例子就出現在第一段。」

  • The best example is the one, the example, given in the first paragraph.

    最好的例子是這一個,這個例子,在第一段出現

  • Or, "The most successful experiments were those performed in dark conditions."

    或是「最成功的實驗是那些在黑暗條件下完成的。」

  • The most successful experiments were the ones,

    最成功的實驗是那一些

  • the experiments, performed in dark conditions.

    那一些實驗,在黑暗條件下完成的

  • It does make you sound ever-so-posh.

    它會讓你聽起來極其優雅

  • Please note, though, that we don't normally use

    請記下來,不過,我們不常用

  • "that" to refer to people or animals.

    「that」 來代表人或動物

  • It doesn't sound right.

    它聽起來就是不對

  • "Have you seen my cat? The one with the orange fur."

    「你有看到我的貓嗎?毛是橘色的那一隻。」

  • I wouldn't say, "That with the orange fur."

    我不會說「毛是橘色的那個。」

  • We can, however, use "those" as a substitute for people and animals.

    但我們可以用 「those」來代替人跟動物

  • "The students did well in their exams.

    「學生們考得不錯

  • Those that got As were presented with a certificate."

    那些得到 A 得會給他們獎狀。」

  • "Those" referring to the students.

    「Those」 代表學生們

  • "That was a lot of information!"

    「那是很大量的資訊!」

  • (laughter)

    (笑)

  • I hope that "this," "that," "these," and "those"

    我希望 「this」、「that」、「these」 跟 「those」 的說明

  • is a bit clearer to you.

    對你來說還算清楚

  • If you have to take one thing away from this lesson,

    如果你一定要從這堂課中學到一件事

  • I would say it's the pronunciation.

    我會說是發音

  • Just remember that "thees" doesn't exist.

    記得沒有 「thees」 這個發音

  • It's "this" or "these."

    只有 「this」 或是 「these」

  • Just sorting out that last phoneme: "sss" or "zzz,"

    只要分出最後發音是:「s」 或是 「z」

  • it really will make your speaking a lot clearer.

    這真的會讓你表達得更清楚

  • It does take a bit of practise, I do understand that perfectly well.

    這需要花點時間練習,我非常瞭解

  • Hispanic speakers, I know it's tough for you,

    說西班牙語的夥伴,我知道對你們來說很難

  • because you don't have that short "ih" sound in your language.

    因為在你們的語言裡沒有短 「ih」 的聲音

  • So, your homework for today is to write four

    所以你今天的作業

  • sentences in the comment section: one with "this,"

    就是在留言區寫下 4 句例句:一句用 「this」

  • one with "that," one with "those," one with "these."

    一句用 「that」、一句用 「those」、一句用 「these」

  • And, I encourage you all to look through everyone's

    然後我鼓勵各位去看看所有人的留言

  • comments and see if you can help out with any corrections.

    並看看你是否能幫忙訂正

  • I always try and look at the comment sections,

    我經常會看留言區

  • especially when I've just uploaded the video.

    特別是當我剛上傳影片的時候

  • So, make sure you've clicked the notification bell,

    所以,務必點擊提醒小鈴鐺

  • because for like an hour after uploading,

    因為大約上傳 1 小時後

  • I will be on my computer making sure everyone's happy, making sure that everyone likes the video,

    我會開電腦看看大家是不是開心、是不是喜歡這支影片

  • giving you the love hearts, giving you the comments.

    看看大家有沒有點讚,有沒有留言

  • That's it for today's lesson.

    今天的課程就到此

  • I hope you liked it.

    我希望你喜歡

  • I hope you enjoyed it.

    我希望你享受這堂課

  • If you have any recommendations for future lessons,

    如果你對未來課程有任何建議

  • please comment down below.

    請在下面留言

  • I love hearing your recommendations.

    我喜歡聽到你的建議

  • Don't forget to check out Lingoda, the offer links

    別忘了去看看 Lingoda

  • in the description box along with the codes.

    優惠連結跟序號就在資訊欄

  • And, don't forget to connect with me on all

    還有,別忘了在社群媒體上跟我保持互動

  • of my social media: I've got my Facebook,

    我有 Facebook

  • I've got my Instagram, and I've got my Twitter,

    我有 Instagram,我也有 Twitter

  • and I will see you soon for another lesson.

    我們很快就會在下一堂課見面

  • (blows kiss)

    (飛吻)

  • (calm electronic theme music)

    ( 平靜的電子主題音樂 )

(calm electronic theme music)

( 平靜的電子主題音樂 )

字幕與單字

單字即點即查 點擊單字可以查詢單字解釋