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  • Hey guys! It's Em.

    嗨,大家好,我是 Em

  • Today is the third installment of our new series: "Creature Feature".

    今天是新系列「生物小百科」的第三集

  • Where I look at a different species every single week.

    在這系列中每一週都會找一個特別的物種

  • And tell you a couple of facts which you may or may not have known about them.

    告訴你一些有關他們的事,你可能知道也可能不知道

  • Today's creature is a really charming little dude.

    今天的動物是個非常迷人的小兄弟

  • And I'm hoping that you'll find him "toad"-ally awesome.

    希望你會發現牠非「蟾」迷人的地方

  • [Burp]

    (嗝)

  • Also, just really quickly, I want to show you this new necklace which I've got from the "BIRCHpls" studio.

    還有,很快帶過,我想要給你看看這個新的項鍊,這是從 BIRCHpls 工作室買的

  • This is an axolotl that I'm wearing today.

    我今天戴的項鍊是一隻蠑螈

  • Which is a kind of aquatic amphibian.

    牠是種水中的兩棲類動物

  • They are one of my favorite animals.

    牠們是我最愛的動物之一

  • If you don't know about axolotls, I'll try and feature them at some point.

    如果你不知道蠑螈,我會試試錄支有關牠們的影片

  • But I just thought that given the animal we're going to look at today.

    但我只是想相較於今天介紹的動物

  • It was a rather fitting one to wear.

    牠比較適合配戴

  • If you are interested in Fran's shop, I will leave her details in the description box below.

    如果你對 Fran 的商店有興趣,我會把詳細訊息放在資訊欄中

  • And if you're watching this, Fran, then hi!

    還有如果 Fran 你在看影片,哈囉!

  • Da-da!

    登冷!

  • This here is my buddy, and his name is Prince Charming.

    這就是我的小兄弟,牠叫 Prince Charming

  • Hi! [Stitch from "Lilo and Stitch" voice]

    嗨!(星際寶貝中史迪奇的聲音)

  • The species I have here today, who is running away right now,

    今天我要介紹的物種,牠剛跑掉了

  • is the Cane Toad.

    就是甘蔗蟾蜍

  • The Cane Toad from South America.

    甘蔗蟾蜍原生地在南美洲

  • If you could just figure out where you're happiest, then that'd be great [Sped-up voice].

    如果你能找到讓你開心的位置,那就太棒了 (倍速聲音)

  • Toad butt, in my face.

    蟾蜍屁屁,在我臉上

  • Prince Charming is an amphibian.

    Prince Charming 是個兩棲類動物

  • Amphibians are cold-blooded creatures which can live in the water and come out onto the land.

    兩棲類動物是冷血動物,牠們可以生活在水中也能爬上陸地

  • Amphibians usually begin life in a water-dwelling larval state such as a tadpole.

    兩棲類動物通常幼年期時居住在水中,像是蝌蚪

  • Which uses its gills to breathe underwater.

    在水中用鰓呼吸

  • As the tadpoles grow, change, and metamorphosize.

    當蝌蚪成長、轉變、變化型態

  • They usually lose their gills and their ability to be fully aquatic.

    通常牠們會失去鰓以及完全生活在水中的能力

  • There are a few exceptions, such as the axolotl.

    也有一些例外,像是蠑螈

  • But that's a whole other Creature Feature.

    但那是另一集生物小百科的主角

  • Cane Toads can live between ten and 12 years.

    甘蔗蟾蜍可以活 10 到 12 年

  • In their natural habitat in South America that would be substantially less.

    在牠們南美的原生地,壽命可能會短一點

  • Because they do get predated on in their natural habitat.

    因為在原生地牠們會被捕食

  • Foodwise, Cane Toads can eat almost anything.

    食物方面,甘蔗蟾蜍幾乎無所不吃

  • And this becomes a bit of a problem later on.

    但這稍微造成問題,晚點會提到

  • When I tell you a bit more about what they're most famous for.

    當我告訴你牠們為什麼出名時

  • Toads do have a kind of warty skin.

    蟾蜍有著多疣的皮膚

  • And it's a common misconception that if you hold a toad,

    而這也有個常見的誤解,如果你碰到蟾蜍

  • you're gonna catch warts.

    你會被傳染疣

  • That's just not the case, don't listen to that.

    沒這回事,不要聽人亂講

  • That's a myth.

    那是個迷思

  • Let's bust it!

    讓我們破除迷思

  • Busted! [Sped-up voice]

    砰!(倍速聲音)

  • Their skin's so fun to play with!

    牠們的皮膚很好玩!

  • I know that he doesn't appreciate it but I'm just like, "I must feel you!"

    我知道他不喜歡這樣,但我就是覺得,「我一定要摸你!」

  • Denied [Deep, altered voice].

    拒絕!(深沉的變聲)

  • In the wild, Cane Toads can eat almost anything.

    在野外,甘蔗蟾蜍幾乎可以吃所有東西

  • If it fits in their mouth, they're gonna eat it.

    如果牠嘴巴裝得下,牠就會吃

  • Their favourite foods in their native South America are: beetles, other invertebrates, spiders, fish

    在南美原生地牠們最喜歡的食物包括:甲蟲、其他無脊椎動物、蜘蛛、魚

  • The occasional small bird, and also, each-other.

    偶爾有小型鳥類,還有同類

  • Yes, they are cannibals!

    沒錯,牠們會吃同類

  • These guys are also known as Marine Toads.

    這些傢伙也被稱為海蟾蜍

  • But more typically they're known as Cane Toads.

    但牠們更常以甘蔗蟾蜍為人所知

  • And I'll tell you why they're known as Cane Toads right now.

    現在我要告訴你為什麼牠們被稱做甘蔗蟾蜍

  • In the 1930s in Australia, so all the way [on] the other side of the world.

    西元 1930 年代的澳洲,在地球遙遠的另一端

  • The Australian government were having really big issues with Cane Beetles eating up their sugar crops.

    澳洲政府正面臨一個大問題,就是甘蔗甲蟲會吃光他們的甘蔗

  • So the government had to think of a way

    所以政府當局必須想個辦法

  • that they could preserve their crops but get rid of the beetles.

    保護他們的甘蔗並消滅甲蟲

  • And the government thought to themselves,

    然後政府當局想到

  • "Hang on a second," lightbulb moment, "how about bringing in a natural predator"

    「等一下」,靈光一閃,「引進一個自然天敵如何?」

  • "who will eat them up and that way we won't have to spray our crops?"

    「誰會吃甘蔗甲蟲,這樣一來我們就不用噴藥了。」

  • So in 1935,

    所以西元 1935 年

  • The Australian government actually decided

    澳洲政府決定

  • to buy a whole load of Cane Toads.

    買一堆甘蔗蟾蜍

  • They bought 100 Cane Toads from South America.

    他們從南美買了 100 隻甘蔗蟾蜍

  • Unfortunately, the Australian government didn't test out their theory.

    很不幸地,澳洲政府沒有測試他們的理論

  • They had planned that the Cane Toads would eat the Cane Beetles.

    他們原本計畫讓甘蔗蟾蜍吃掉甘蔗甲蟲

  • This just wasn't the case.

    事實並不然

  • Cane Toads are very, very, lazy.

    甘蔗蟾蜍非常非常懶惰

  • They're very heavy-bodied and they can't really climb.

    牠們有個很厚重的身體,而且牠們並不真的能攀爬

  • Whereas Cane Beetles are very fast, very agile, and they can climb very, very, well.

    反之,甘蔗甲蟲行動迅速、敏捷,而且牠們很擅常攀爬

  • So oftentimes whenever a Cane Toad would encounter a Cane Beetle,

    所以,經常一隻甘蔗蟾蜍碰到一隻甘蔗甲蟲時

  • the Cane Beetle would just scurry off up into the crop,

    甘蔗甲蟲會在甘蔗裡爬上竄下

  • while the Cane Toad was basically on the floor.

    而甘蔗蟾蜍基本上就在地上

  • Thinking, "I've got a grumbling belly, what am I gonna eat instead?"

    想著「我肚子都要餓死了,我可以改吃甚麼東西呢?」

  • Well, unfortunately for the native wildlife, Cane Toads loved the taste of the native wildlife.

    所以有個不幸的消息是,甘蔗蟾蜍還蠻喜歡吃當地的動植物

  • And most unfortunately of all,

    最不幸的是

  • is that these guys are actually poisonous.

    就是這些傢伙其實有毒

  • There is poison inside these pouches.

    這裡有毒液在囊袋裡

  • In fact, do you see these little black dots here which look like pores?

    事實上,你有看到這些像毛孔的小黑點嗎?

  • Well, you'd be absolutely right.

    完全正確

  • If I were to massage those rather hard,

    如果我稍微大力的按壓這裡

  • a big, pus-y looking liquid would come out of them,

    會有濃稠的毒液跑出來

  • just like if you were squeezing whiteheads.

    就像你在擠粉刺一樣

  • So imagine you're some of the native Australian wildlife,

    所以想像你是澳洲的原生動物

  • you see this toad and you think, "This looks like a tasty, tasty, meal, I'm going to eat it"

    你看到這隻蟾蜍,然後你想:「牠看起來很好吃,是頓大餐,我要去吃牠了。」

  • The second that you bite down on the toad and start chewing,

    你咬下蟾蜍並開始咀嚼的那一秒

  • it's going to start emitting this poison.

    牠就開始放射毒液出來了

  • And this poison is so toxic

    而且這個毒液毒性很強

  • that it can kill almost anything.

    幾乎可以殺死所有生物

  • It will kill the snakes, it could kill a large mammal like a dingo.

    它可以殺死蛇,也可以殺死大一點的哺乳類,像是澳洲野犬 (丁格犬)

  • It can even kill a fully grown Saltwater Crocodile.

    甚至可以殺死一隻完全成年的鹹水鱷魚

  • And, you know, it's not just the adults who are poisonous.

    而且你要知道,不只是成年蟾蜍有毒

  • The tadpoles are poisonous and the eggs are poisonous, too.

    幼年期或是卵也同樣有毒

  • Some of you out there might be thinking, "Hang on a second"

    有些人看到這裡可能會想「等等,

  • "How come the Cane Toad is so poisonous to Australian wildlife,"

    為什麼甘蔗蟾蜍對澳洲野生動物來說像毒藥一樣,

  • "but they get eaten by animals in their native land of South America?"

    但在南美原生地卻會被捕食?」

  • Well, that is a great question!

    很好,你問了好問題

  • The answer lies in co-evolution.

    答案就是,共同演化

  • The animals in South America had thousands, if not millions of years to develop

    南美的動物有數十萬年的時間

  • some level of immunity to the Cane Toad's poison.

    發展出一定程度的免疫系統來對抗甘蔗蟾蜍的毒性

  • When the Cane Toads were brought to Australia,

    當甘蔗蟾蜍被帶到澳洲

  • the native wildlife in Australia was taken by surprise,

    澳洲當地動物完全沒有預料到

  • and they haven't had time to develop immunity

    牠們也沒有時間發展出免疫系統

  • despite Australia's best efforts.

    儘管澳洲做了很多努力

  • It's so hard to contain these guys.

    還是很難控制這些傢伙繁殖

  • And where Australia started off with only 100 Cane Toads,

    剛開始澳洲僅引入了 100 隻甘蔗蟾蜍

  • they now have well over 20 million.

    牠們現在已經超過 2000 萬隻

  • Cane Toads are not just invasive in Australia,

    甘蔗蟾蜍不僅入侵澳洲

  • there's also a huge population of Cane Toads in Florida!

    在佛羅里達也有很大量的甘蔗蟾蜍

  • Some speculate that they are the result of escaped or released pets,

    有些人推測是因為寵物逃脫或是棄養才會如此

  • others think a more likely option was the amount of Cane Toads released

    其他人認為,會有如此大量棄養,是由於

  • during the filming of the 1972 cult horror film "Frogs".

    西元 1972 年的邪典恐怖電影 《青蛙》

  • Which is an amazing film, by the way, you should totally go watch it.

    那是部很驚人的電影,對了,你們也應該看看

  • The footage you see here

    接下來的片段

  • was taken by my friend and fellow reptile enthusiast, Jennifer Beth-Lewis,

    是由我的朋友兼爬蟲類愛好者同事拍攝的,她叫 Jennifer Beth-Lewis

  • who lives in Florida.

    住在佛羅里達

  • Here, you can clearly see three wild Cane Toads raiding her dog's food bowl

    你可以看到有 3 隻野生甘蔗蟾蜍霸佔了她的狗的飯碗

  • Remember, never release pet animals into the wild

    記得,絕對不要棄養寵物

  • especially if they're not native.

    尤其如果牠們不是本土種

  • Let me know in the comments box down below if you learned something new today.

    如果你今天學到了新知識,留下評論讓我知道吧

  • I hope you did, I hope you found something interesting

    我希望你有學到什麼,也希望你覺得有趣

  • even if you weren't a big fan of toads in general.

    即使你不是蟾蜍的愛好者

  • Thank you guys so much for watching, and we will see you in another video shortly.

    感謝你們的觀看,我們很快就會在其他影片見面

  • Bye!

    拜拜!

  • You gonna wave?

    你想揮揮手嗎?

  • You gonna -- should we -- let's wave, wave!

    你想要…我們要不要…來揮手吧,揮手!

  • Wave your back feet.

    揮揮你的後腳

  • Bye! [Laughs]

    再見!(大笑)

  • [Burp]

    (嗝)

  • Psst! Don't forget to subscribe.

    噓!別忘了訂閱

Hey guys! It's Em.

嗨,大家好,我是 Em

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