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  • My name is Ellsworth Wareham.

    我叫 Ellsworth Wareham

  • I'm a cardiothoracic surgeon,

    我是一位心臟與胸腔外科醫生

  • and practice that is my specialty all my professional life.

    而我的職業生涯也全獻給心臟與胸腔外科

  • I'm 98 years of age, and I

    現在我 98 歲

  • practiced the cardiothoracic surgery until I was 95.

    直到我 95 歲,都還在心臟與胸腔外科的手術台上操刀

  • I have first try to be active by working around my yard,

    一開始,我試著主動清理庭院

  • doing my pruning of my bushes, and I mow my own lawn.

    修剪枝枒、自己用除草機除草

  • so I try to get a little exercise doing that.

    這樣我就有做些簡單的運動

  • As far as my dietary program is concerned.

    說到我的飲食習慣

  • I happen to be a vegan. I've been a vegan now for about half my life.

    我吃素,直至今日,我的大半人生都貫徹素食主義

  • I think that's a healthy form of nutrition

    我想吃素算是一種健康型態

  • I try to maintain the calm approach to the problems of life and

    面臨生活所遇到的問題,我試著冷靜處理

  • not worry and fret over problems that come along.

    對於隨之而來的事物,不過於憂慮、煩惱

  • I get a good night's sleep,

    晚上睡得很安穩

  • and if I feel like it, I take a nap during the day

    如果睡意來襲,我就小睡片刻

  • So I really try to be caught as careful as I can and

    所以對於生活,我盡我所能地謹慎

  • preserving what energy I have

    儲存自己的能量

  • I quit work when I was 95

    我在 95 歲時卸下白袍

  • And because of this of course I attracted some publicity from the national geographic

    也因為工作到這個年紀,國家地理頻道的訪談吸引到許多大眾來關注我

  • and incidentally the people I've worked with very much wanted me to continue

    我的同事也十分希望我可以繼續待在心臟與胸腔外科

  • but I felt I should spend a little more time at home with my family

    但我覺得自己應該多花些時間在家,陪伴我的家人

  • I could be working right now,

    現在我仍可以重新披上白袍

  • I could do anything that I did then and now 98,

    我仍可勝任一位醫生的職務,如今我 98 歲了

  • but I picked 95 as an arbitrary time when I would quit.

    我自己選擇在 95 歲的時候退休

  • I have always been inclined to be a vegetarian my folks were farmers and

    我一直都傾向吃素。我的家人是農夫

  • we had quite a bit of meat available,

    所以我們很容易就拿得到肉

  • but it never appealed to me to eat animal products.

    但動物製品一向吸引不了我

  • I never did drink milk by the glass

    我從來都沒有喝過玻璃杯裝的鮮奶

  • I would use it on my cereal and

    儘管吃麥片的時候會加些鮮奶

  • Of course my mother and then later on my wife, would use it in cooking

    我的母親和我的老婆,無可避免地都會在烹飪時使用牛奶

  • So I was naturally inclined toward a vegetable type of diet

    所以我會說我「傾向」吃素的飲食模式

  • But I was concerned about the adequacy of the nutrition

    但我也會擔心吃素是否有足夠養分供給身體

  • when I found out that I could get by...by taking a little vitamin B12,

    當我發現,只要吃維他命 B12 就可以解決這個疑惑時

  • of course I then became entirely vegan,

    我就成為一個十足的素食主義者了

  • and I think that it has been a very fine form of nutrition.

    而我認為這是個很棒的營養攝取方式

  • It's a little extreme to tell a person who is

    或許這樣有點極端 —— 直接告訴一個人

  • using flesh foods and that you're going to take everything entirely away from them

    叫他不要再吃肉,就此跟肉斷捨離

  • But I have... when I was in practice in medicine,

    不過,當我開藥給病患時

  • I would tell the patients that the

    我會告訴病患

  • vegetable based diet was the healthy way to go

    以蔬菜為主的飲食比較健康

  • and as much as possible we keep away from the animal products.

    而我們應該盡可能避開使用動物製品

  • It has to be something that the person wants to cooperate in and

    這必須要是人們想要互相合作

  • people are very sensitive about what they eat

    目前大眾對於自己攝取的食物非常敏感

  • now you can talk to people about exercising,

    如今你可以跟人談論運動

  • and you can talk to people about relaxation

    談有關怎麼放鬆

  • and good mental attitude and life things like that and

    討論什麼是好的心態與生活種種,諸如此類的話題

  • they will accept that.

    大家都會接受

  • But you talk to them about what they're eating and people are very sensitive about that

    但當你和大家談論到他們攝取的食物,大家對這話題通常比較敏感

  • if... if an individual is willing to listen,

    假如我的談話對象願意聽我說

  • I will try to explain to them on a scientific basis of how I think it's better for them

    我會站在科學的角度,解釋給他聽,告訴他怎樣的飲食模式比較適合他

  • I read a statement in the Wall Street Journal last year.

    去年,我讀了一篇華爾街日報的文章

  • I think it was in January of last year that

    大概是去年一月的報紙

  • I thought was quite significant, and it was this,

    我覺得那篇的內容寫得切中要害,我引用出來給大家:

  • "That all tastes are acquired except for breast milk."

    「除了母乳以外,所有的味覺都是後天習得的」

  • now this means you see that

    所以你看

  • if you as a parent

    假如你為人父母

  • will start your child on a healthy nutrition,

    讓你的孩子從健康飲食開始

  • they'll like it.

    他們一定從小開始喜歡這樣的飲食模式

  • But an individual let us say, who is old even my age

    但身為一個人,我們這樣說,甚至跟我差不多年紀

  • can change their taste buds

    還是可以改變他們的味蕾

  • there are a lot of people that take too much salt and

    有太多人攝入過多的鹽分

  • Their food they think is flat unless they have a lot of salt in it,

    除非在他們的食物放很多鹽,否則他們會覺得味如嚼蠟

  • but if you will diminish the amount of salt gradually

    但假如逐次減少放入食物的鹽量

  • after a while they won't know the difference

    經過一段時間後,飲食者無法察覺與過往飲食的差別

  • and in a matter of three months or so

    大概經過三個多月後

  • you can do a great deal to change your taste habits

    你就可以為改變自己的飲食習慣邁進一大步

  • if you are willing to do it

    假如你願意改變

  • if a person is willing to go through the change and give himself time

    假如一個人願意經歷改變的過程,並給自己一段時間試驗

  • he will enjoy foods that are healthy for him

    他會從中享受那些帶給他健康的食物

  • as you know

    你也知道

  • cholesterol is the chief problem you have to be concerned about

    你最需要擔心的問題就是膽固醇

  • as far as development coronary occlusion and coronary disease is concerned

    一談到如何導致冠狀動脈閉塞和冠心病就免不了提到膽固醇

  • if your cholesterol is under a hundred and forty

    假如你的膽固醇數值低於 140

  • very very seldom that anybody has a heart attack with a cholesterol of 140

    十分少見有膽固醇值低於 140 者罹患心臟病

  • now the factors that Influence your cholesterol are things that we should know about

    目前影響膽固醇多寡的因素就是我們所該了解的

  • and one of the factors is the amount of saturated fat

    其中一個原因就是飽和脂肪量

  • and most animal fat is saturated

    而多數動物脂肪為飽和脂肪

  • Whereas the vegetable fat is unsaturated or mono saturated

    反之,蔬菜內含不飽和脂肪或單元不飽和脂肪(譯註:單元不飽和脂肪如橄欖油)

  • so you have to avoid the animal fats.

    所以你必須避開攝取動物脂肪

  • Now there are those scientists

    現在也有一些科學家

  • including Dr. Colin Campbell of Cornell University

    包含康乃爾大學的坎培爾教授

  • that say that animal proteins will also affect your cholesterol,

    提及動物蛋白質也會影響到膽固醇

  • not just the fat in other words you pour off the cream off your milk and

    而不是只有脂肪而已。換句話說,就算拿掉牛奶裡面的乳脂

  • drink the skim milk even the casein of the milk will raise your cholesterol

    只喝脫脂鮮奶,脫脂鮮奶內的酪蛋白還是會讓你的膽固醇指數上升

  • and then people say also high intake of sugar will affect your cholesterol

    而人們也說,攝取大量的糖分也會影響你的膽固醇

  • so if you can keep your cholesterol under 140

    所以假如你可以維持膽固醇值低於 140

  • Your chances of developed coronary disease are very small

    你罹患冠狀動脈疾病的機率微乎其微

  • exercise is beneficial in reducing cholesterol

    運動對降低膽固醇有所助益

  • But if you're taking in a considerable amount of saturated fat,

    但假如你攝取相當程度的飽和脂肪

  • you can't exercise enough to lower it as much as it should be lowered

    運動再多都不夠降低膽固醇值

  • The easiest way to get your cholesterol down is to

    降低膽固醇值最簡單的方法就是

  • watch what you eat

    監控自己的飲食

  • Now you can lower your cholesterol by exercise,

    現在你可以藉由運動來降低自己的膽固醇

  • but now I'm talking about no 15 or 20 milligrams something like that,

    不過,我現在談的不是只降低 15 或 20 毫克這樣的事

  • but if you get on a vegan diet which is low fat

    而是假如你開始吃素,也就是低脂飲食

  • you can drop it much more

    你可以更為降低膽固醇值

  • when we went abroad

    我們手術團隊曾經出國

  • We had an open heart surgery team that

    我們有個心臟外科手術團隊

  • this would be maybe a dozen to two dozen people that would go with team and

    團隊成員差不多有十幾二十個人

  • do open heart surgery in overseas countries,

    在海外國家執行心臟外科手術

  • but this was back 50 years ago

    不過這已經是五十年前的事了

  • You see when open heart surgery is first starting out

    五十年前剛開始心臟外科手術

  • now there's no no need to do anything like that

    而現在已經不需要動這樣的手術了

  • now most of the surgery we did when we went abroad

    如今需要我們出國動的手術

  • it was for congenital heart disease

    都是先天性心臟病的狀況

  • that is defects of the heart with which a person is born

    就是說一個人一出生,心臟可能就有缺陷

  • holes in the heart and malformations the valves fourth

    心臟有孔洞、瓣膜形狀異常

  • and the other was valvular heart disease due to rheumatic fever.

    而其他像是風濕熱引起的心臟瓣膜的疾病

  • We didn't do very many coronary cases when we were overseas

    我們在海外的時候並沒有進行非常多冠狀手術

  • coronary disease is a disease of the

    冠狀疾病較常見於

  • more developed countries.

    多數已開發國家

  • That's being a little bit discriminatory I presume,

    或許這樣講有點偏頗

  • but America, undoubtedly, in my opinion

    在我看來,美國無疑是

  • has been the leader in the development of coronary disease

    在冠狀疾病發展的領頭羊

  • I mean in development of treatment of heart disease

    我指的是,治療心臟病的技術發展

  • and I think has also led out in the research of cause disease

    而我想這也是引出疾病研究的原因

  • We have a lot of information in this country

    在這個國家,我們還有很多已知的資訊

  • which is not being applied,

    沒有將它們付諸實踐

  • which would greatly reduce the incidence we have of coronary disease.

    而這些尚未應用的資訊可以大大協助我們降低冠狀疾病

  • I don't know whether you've been following the news,

    我不知道你是否有持續在關注新聞

  • but Mayor Bloomberg of New York as you know

    但紐約市長彭博

  • made certain laws

    曾制定相關法律

  • establishing the size of the soft drinks which you can buy and so forth so on

    規定民眾所能購買的無酒精飲料容量等等

  • and he has other areas in which he is also enforcing by law. Healthful habits

    彭博市長也在其他方面執行法律所允許的事項。健康的習慣

  • many people question whether you should have your individual freedom limited by laws,

    許多人質疑法律是否可以限制個人自由

  • but there's no question about it

    但在健康面前,實在無庸置疑

  • that there are certain things that we could implement in this country

    在美國,還有許多我們可以做的事

  • to greatly reduce heart disease

    來大量降低心臟疾病的人數

  • you know The Cleveland Clinic is the world's great center for coronary artery disease

    克利夫蘭診所在治療心臟動脈疾病可說是全球最棒的機構

  • Coronary angiography the study of the coronary arteries

    冠狀動脈造影,冠狀動脈的研究

  • was developed at Cleveland Clinic

    就是在克利夫蘭診所開展的

  • and you can't diagnose where the stoppages in your coronary arteries

    沒有冠狀動脈造影,就無法知道患者的冠狀動脈

  • without coronary angiography

    在哪裡阻塞

  • now we have some newer methods,

    如今我們雖然有更新的治療方法

  • but that's still sort of the gold standard

    但克利夫蘭診所的研究貢獻仍是最重要的基準

  • and Dr. Esselstyn of The Cleveland Clinic

    克利夫蘭診所的愛色斯坦醫生

  • He says that coronary artery disease does not need to exist

    他說冠狀動脈疾病理應不該存在

  • and it doesn't need to progress

    也不該讓它有慢慢形成的機會

  • and he does it on a low-fat vegan diet.

    他透過低脂素食飲食方式辦到了

  • There have been only two people in the world that I know of

    在這世界上,我知道只有這兩人

  • they've demonstrated that they can arrest and reverse coronary artery disease

    他們示範如何逮住和翻轉冠狀動脈疾病

  • and they are Dr. Dean Ornish of San Francisco

    他們分別是舊金山的 Dr. Dean Ornish

  • and Dr. Esselstyn of the Cleveland clinic

    和克利夫蘭診所的 Dr. Esselstyn

  • and they both did it on a low-fat vegan diet

    兩位都是低脂素食飲食的實踐者

  • if you would go on a low fat vegan diet and you exercise,

    假如你願意施行低脂素食飲食並且運動

  • the chances of developing coronary disease will be very low

    那麼形成冠狀疾病的機會就會微乎其微

  • get that cholesterol under a hundred and forty

    維持膽固醇值低於 140

  • and you can.

    你辦得到

  • My cholesterol is a hundred and seventeen

    我目前的膽固醇值是 170

  • if I have some pain in my chest, I know it is not the coronary disease,

    假如我有胸悶,我知道那並不是冠狀疾病所造成

  • maybe due to some something in my esophagus

    或許是跟我的食道有關

  • Hiatus Hernia from my stomach or something else,

    可能跟食道裂孔疝氣(譯註:一種胃食道逆流病)或是其他因素造成

  • but it's not coronary disease

    但和冠狀疾病毫無關聯

  • because of a hundred and seventeen I'm not going to develop it

    因為目前的膽固醇值約 170,所以不是冠狀疾病的危險群

  • Anybody can do those things,

    人人都做得到這些變長壽的生活模式

  • very simple.

    一點都不難

My name is Ellsworth Wareham.

我叫 Ellsworth Wareham

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