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  • Hello, and welcome to 6 Minute Englishthe show that brings you an interesting topic, authentic listening practice and vocabulary to help you improve your language skills.

    大家好,歡迎來到《6分鐘英語》,本節目致力於帶給你有趣的主題,真實的聽力和詞彙練習,幫助你提升你的語言能力。

  • I'm Rob.

    我是 Rob。

  • Watashi no namae wa Neil desu.

    (日語)私の名前は Neil です。

  • And that means 'my name's Neil'.

    意思是「我的名字是 Neil。」

  • Neil, here's a question for youcan you speak any languages other than English, of course? I think you can!

    Neil,我有個問題要問你,你會說英文以外的其他語言嗎?你可以對吧?!

  • Un poco de español that means a little bit of Spanish.

    (西班牙語)Un poco de español,意思是「會說一點西班牙語。」

  • Some Japanese, which I tried at the beginning and also a bit of Czech language. Dobrý den. Jak se máš?

    還會說一些我在節目開頭嘗試講的日語,還有一點捷克語,(捷克語)Dobrý den. Jak se máš? (你好嗎?)

  • Very impressive. So what tips can you give for learning to speak another language?

    非常厲害。對於學習其他語言,你有什麼小撇步嗎?

  • Well, practise, practise, practise, and don't be afraid of making mistakes as I no doubt have.

    就是不斷練習,還有不要怕犯錯,像我肯定也會犯錯。

  • Of course. Well, my aim this year is to master the Spanish language.

    當然。我今年的目標是學習西班牙語。

  • Master means to learn thoroughly.

    「Master」的意思是要學得徹底。

  • Muy bien! Well, you're not alone.

    (西班牙語)Muy bien!(非常好!)不只是你喔。

  • A survey by the British Council found learning a language is a new year's resolution for about one in five Britons in 2018.

    英國文化協會的一項調查發現,在 2018 年,學好一門語言是五分之一的英國人的新年新希望。

  • So learning Spanish is a good start, Rob.

    所以 Rob,學習西班牙語是一個好的開始。

  • But do you know approximately how many languages there are in the world altogether?

    但你是否知道世界上大約一共有多少種語言呢?

  • Are there... a) 70, b) 700 or c) 7,000?

    是否有 a)70、b)700 或,c)7,000 種?

  • Well, I know there are many but surely not 7,000 so I'm going to say b) 700.

    我知道有很多,但肯定不是 7000 種。所以我猜是 b)700 種。

  • But don't expect me to learn all of them.

    但不要指望我全部都學會。

  • I won't, Rob. But I will give you the answer later.

    我不會。正確答案稍後再公佈。

  • So, we all know learning another language is a good thingit brings us many benefits.

    所以,我們都知道學習另一種語言是件好事,它帶給我們很多好處。

  • Yes, we can communicate with people from other countries and when we're travelling, we can understand what signs and notices say, so we don't get lost.

    是的,當我們去旅行時,可以跟其他國家的人交流;我們可以理解標誌和告示的內容, 就不會迷路了。

  • That's right, but many scientists also believe that knowledge of another language can boost your brainpower.

    沒錯,但許多科學家也認為理解其他語言可以提升你的腦力。

  • A study of monolingual and bilingual speakers suggests speaking two languages can help slow down the brain's decline with age.

    一項對單語者和雙語者的研究顯示,隨著年齡的增長,會說兩種語言可以幫助減緩大腦的衰退。

  • All good reasons. But Neil, learning another language is hard.

    都是學語言的好理由耶。但是 Neil,學習另一種語言是很難的。

  • It would take me years and years to become fluent in say, Mandarinby fluent, I mean speak very well, without difficulty.

    我需要很多年才能變得講中文很流利。「Fluent」的意思是毫不費力的講得很好。

  • Well, this depends on your mother tongue.

    這取決與你的母語了。

  • In general, the closer the second language is to the learner's native tongue and culture in terms of vocabulary, sounds or sentence structure, the easier it will be to learn.

    一般來說,在詞彙、聲音或句子結構方面,第二語言越接近學習者的母語和文化就越容易學會。

  • But whatever the language, there is so much vocabulary to learn, you know, thousands and thousands of words.

    但不管是什麼語言,有這麼多詞彙要學習的,有成千上萬的詞彙耶。

  • Maybe not, Rob. Professor Stuart Webb, a linguist from the University of Western Ontario, may be able to help you.

    也許不是這樣喔。西安大略大學的語言學家 Stuart Webb 教授也許能幫到你。

  • He spoke to BBC Radio 4's More or Less programme and explained that you don't need to do that.

    他接受 BBC 廣播四台的《More or Less》節目,並解釋不需要背下所有的單字。

  • For language learners in a foreign language setting, so for example, if you were learning French in Britain or English in Japan,

    對於語言學習者身處在外語環境下,例如,如果你是在英國學習法語或在日本學英語,

  • students may often really struggle to learn more than 2,000, 3,000 words after many years of study.

    經過郭年的學習,學生往往可能難以學到超過 2000、3000 字。

  • So for example, there was a study in Taiwan recently that showed that after nine years of study, about half of the students had still failed to learn the most frequent 1,000 words.

    所以,比如說,最近臺灣有研究報告顯示,經過九年學習,約有一半的學生仍未學會最常使用的 1000 個字。

  • Now they knew lower frequency words but they hadn't mastered those most important words.

    他們知道不常使用的字,但沒有學會那些最重要的詞彙。

  • So Rob, don't waste your time trying to learn every single word.

    所以,Rob,不要浪費你的時間去學習每個詞彙。

  • Professor Webb spoke there about research that showed students knew lower frequency words, but weren't learning enough high frequency words.

    Webb 教授表示研究表明,學生認識不常使用的字,但並沒有將最常使用的字學起來。

  • Right, and frequency here means the number of times something happens.

    對,「frequency」指的是一件事情發生的次數。

  • So the important words to learn are the high frequency ones, and how many are there exactly?

    需要學習的重要詞彙為常使用的,那確切有多少個?

  • Here's Professor Stuart Webb again.

    聽聽 Stuart Webb 教授再次解釋。

  • For example, with English, I would suggest if you learn the 800 most frequent lemmaswhich is a word and its inflectionsthat will account for about 75 per cent of all of the English language.

    例如,對於英文,我建議你學習 800 個最常見的詞形變化,這將占大約 75% 的英語詞彙。

  • So that learning those 800 words first will provide the foundation for which you may be able to learn the lower frequency words.

    因此,先學習這 800 個詞彙會為你學習不常用的詞彙打下基礎。

  • Fascinating stuff. And good to know I just need to learn about 800 words, or what he calls lemmas.

    真有趣。很高興知道我只需要學習 800 個字,或他所說的詞位。

  • Yes, a lemma is the simplest form or base form of a word.

    是的,「lemma」是一個單字最簡單的形式或基本形式。

  • And the inflection here refers to how the base word is changed according to its use in a sentence.

    在這裡,「inflection」指的是基本詞根根據其在句子中的使用而進行的變化。

  • Knowing these things give you a foundationthat's the basics from which you language learning will develop. Simple!

    了解這些知識可以為你打下基礎,也就是語言學習發展的基礎。簡單吧!

  • Thank goodness I am learning just one new language!

    感謝上帝我現在只有學一門新語言。

  • But how many languages could you potentially be learning, Rob?

    但 Rob,你有可能學習多少種語言呢?

  • Earlier I asked you, approximately how many languages there are in the world altogether?

    早些時候我問過你,世界上大約一共有多少種語言?

  • Are there... a) 70, b) 700, c) 7,000?

    是否有 ...a)70、b)700,c)7,000 種?

  • And I said 700. Was I right?

    我說 700 種。我說的是對嗎?

  • No Rob, you were wrong. There are around 7,000 recognised languages in the world.

    不對,你錯了。世界公認的語言大約有 7,000 種。

  • UNESCO has identified 2,500 languages which it claims are at risk of extinction.

    UNESCO 已經確定有 2500 種瀕危語言。

  • A sobering thought, Neil.

    這很發人深省。

  • Now, shall we remind ourselves of some of the English vocabulary we've heard today.

    現在,我們要回顧一下我們今天聽到的一些英文詞彙。

  • Starting with master.

    從「master(精通;掌握)」開始。

  • To master a new skill, in this context, means to learn thoroughly or learn well.

    在這種情況下,要「掌握」一種新的技能,是指學習透徹或學好的意思。

  • Rob hopes to master Spanish before he starts a new job in Madrid.

    Rob 希望能在馬德里開始新工作前學好西班牙語。

  • Really? That's news to me, Neil!

    真的嗎?我怎麼不知道這件事!

  • But it would be good to be fluent in Spanishor any languageor to speak it fluentlythat's speaking it very well and without difficulty.

    但能流利地掌握西班牙語或其他語言會很好,能流利地說一門語言表示能夠非常好地、毫不費力地用該語言講話。

  • Now our next word was frequency.

    下一個詞是「frequency(頻率)」。

  • Here we are referring to high and low frequency words. So it means how often they occur.

    這裡我們指的是常用的和不常用的詞。所以「frequency」的意思是它們出現的頻率。

  • Examples of a high frequency word are ''it', 'the' and 'and'.

    常用的詞有 it、the 還有 and。

  • And our next word is inflections.

    下一個詞是「inflections(詞形變化)」。

  • These are the changes to the basic form of words according to their function in a sentence.

    「Inflections」是根據單詞在句子中的功能而對其基本形式進行的變化。

  • Such as adding an 's' to the end of a word to make it plural.

    例如在字尾加一個「s」使之成為複數。

  • And don't forget lemma which is the simplest form or base form of a word before an inflection is added.

    還有別忘了「lemma(詞位)」,它是一個單詞在添加變化之前的最簡單形式或基本形式。

  • And finally, foundation which means the basics your learning grows from.

    最後是「foundation(基礎)」,指的是你的學習所建立的基礎。

  • That just leaves me to remind you that you can learn English with us at bbclearningenglish.com.

    最後容我提醒各位,你可以在我們的網站 bbclearningenglish.com 學習英文。

  • That's it for today's 6 Minute English. We hope you enjoyed it. Bye for now.

    以上是今天的《6分鐘英語》。希望你喜歡。再見。

  • Na shledanou! Hasta luego! Ja ne!

    (捷克語)Na shledanou!(西班牙語)Hasta luego! (日語)じゃね(再見!)

  • And in English, goodbye.

    還有用英語版的再見。

  • Goodbye.

    再見。

Hello, and welcome to 6 Minute Englishthe show that brings you an interesting topic, authentic listening practice and vocabulary to help you improve your language skills.

大家好,歡迎來到《6分鐘英語》,本節目致力於帶給你有趣的主題,真實的聽力和詞彙練習,幫助你提升你的語言能力。

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