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  • [Music]

    [配樂]

  • This episode is supported by Prudential.

    本片由 Prudential 贊助

  • [Music]

    [配樂]

  • With more than 7 billion people on Earth and one car for every six of us,

    地球上超過七十億人口,而平均每六個人就有一輛車

  • traffic is bad just about everywhere.

    幾乎所有地方的交通都很糟

  • [HONKING]

    [喇叭聲]

  • Last year, American drivers wasted nearly a million collective years staring at each other's tail-lights.

    去年,美國駕駛浪費了共計將近一百萬年的時間在看別人的車尾燈

  • The average driver in London has it the worst,

    平均起來倫敦的駕駛最慘

  • spending more than four days a year in gridlock.

    每年花了超過四天的時間在大塞車

  • "There's Big Ben, kids! Parliament!"

    「到大笨鐘了,孩子們!國會!」

  • But Earth is home to another great commuter, whose populations number in the trillions,

    地球上有另一種厲害的通勤者,數量多達上兆

  • and they don't get stuck in traffic.

    但他們不會塞車

  • An army ant's day is a lot like ours.

    行軍蟻的生活和我們很像

  • Set off in the morning alongside thousands of our neighbors, moving out and back in neat little lines

    從早上開始,上千個小鄰居在旁邊來回移動,排成整齊細小的隊伍

  • so we can provide for our brood

    好供養我們這一窩 ...

  • I mean family.

    我的意思是家庭

  • Crowding, bottlenecks, slowpokes, ants face the same traffic challenges we do.

    擁擠、瓶頸、龜速,螞蟻和我們面臨相同的交通挑戰

  • But they don't get in traffic jams, which is why scientists are looking to them for solutions to human traffic.

    但他們不會塞車,這正是為什麼科學家從牠們身上找尋解決人類交通問題的方法

  • In a perfect world cars could pack in bumper-to-bumper and drive at that magic speed,

    理想上車子可以一輛接著一輛並以這種神奇的速度行駛

  • but we're not perfect.

    但我們不是完美的

  • One wrong tap on the gas or brakes, and OH COME ON!

    油箱或是剎車的一個小問題,然後拜託!

  • GET MOVING!

    繼續走!

  • When speed and density hit a tipping point, jams are inevitable.

    當速度和密度達到尖峰時,塞車是無可避免的

  • Yet in the ant world, traffic jams don't happen, even when things get crowded.

    但是在螞蟻的世界,根本不會塞車,即使是很擁擠的時候

  • The easiest solution to an overcrowded road is to make it bigger.

    改善過擠道路的最簡單辦法就是拓寬道路

  • But ants can't just cut trails as wide as they want.

    但是螞蟻不會把路徑隨意延展成牠們想要的寬度

  • Wider roads take time and energy to maintain,

    因為加寬的路徑需要更多時間與精力去維護

  • and the pheromones that mark them become weaker.

    而且標記的費洛蒙也會變弱

  • Instead, ants get organized.

    因此,螞蟻是有組織的

  • It might not look like it, but there's lanes here.

    可能看不出來,但這裡有路徑

  • Ants headed back to the colony loaded up with food use the center lane,

    帶著食物回巢的螞蟻使用中間的線道

  • while outbound ants stay to the edges.

    而出巢的螞蟻用兩側的線道

  • Why three lanes and not two, like our roads?

    為什麼是三線道,而不是像我們的雙線道?

  • When two ants are on a collision course, eventually one's gotta give.

    當兩隻螞蟻碰到彼此時,其中一個要讓步

  • The loaded inbound ants are less maneuverable,

    背著東西回巢的螞蟻比較比較沒機動性

  • so the empty-handed ant almost always turns first,

    所以兩手空空的螞蟻通常會先轉彎

  • half the time to either side.

    有一半的機會走到任何一側

  • And voila! Three lanes, no crashes, no traffic jams.

    你瞧!三線道,沒有衝突,不會塞車

  • If you think you're so different from an army ant, pay attention next time you're in a busy crosswalk.

    如果你覺得自己和行軍蟻不同,下次留意一下在繁忙路口的自己

  • We naturally form similar lanes in crowds,

    我們自然地形成類似的路徑

  • mindless individuals contributing to a larger pattern.

    每個人無意識地構成了更大的型態

  • But put us behind the wheel, and this happens.

    但是當我們開車的時候,就會這樣

  • [HONKING]

    [喇叭聲]

  • There's a simple reason we hate traffic.

    我們痛恨塞車的原因很簡單

  • Because we hate waiting in line.

    因為我們討厭排隊等候

  • Queueing up plays weird tricks on our brains' sense of time.

    排隊會對欺騙大腦對時間的感受

  • Occupied time feels shorter than unoccupied time.

    忙碌的時間感覺起來比閒置的時間還要快

  • This is why people listen to the radio, or play that license plate game.

    這就是人們聽廣播或是玩車牌遊戲的原因

  • And it's the same reason supermarkets put magazines in the checkout lines.

    這也和超市會在結帳區放雜誌的道理一樣

  • Ever been late for a big meeting and felt like the universe is standing in your way?

    你曾經有重要會議遲到了,而且還覺得全世界都在擋你的路嗎?

  • Anxiety makes waits seem longer.

    焦慮會讓等待變得更漫長

  • Ever been in a traffic jam with no obvious cause?

    你有過幽靈塞車的經驗嗎?

  • The worst.

    那是最糟的

  • Uncertain or unexplained waits are longer than known or explained waits.

    不明確或沒道理的等待比有原因的等待更漫長

  • But traffic engineers have learned that simple information signs can change how we experience delays.

    不過交通工程師發現,簡單的訊息就可以改變我們對時間拖延的感受

  • But more than anything else, we hate unfair waits.

    除此之外,我們討厭不公平的等待

  • You see a sign that says "lane closed ahead",

    當你看到「前方車道縮減」的號誌

  • so you get over with plenty of time to spare,

    度過瓶頸後你就會省下很多時間

  • only to see some jerk zip past you and get over at the last second.

    不過有個飆仔在最後一刻衝到你前面

  • Whatyou can't wait like the rest of us, Mr. Hurrypants?

    蛤!你就不能像其他人一樣慢慢等嗎,急性子先生?

  • Quick side note.

    快速補充說明

  • Gonna let you in on a little secret.

    告訴你一個小秘密

  • Traffic researchers have found that late merging is actually better.

    研究交通的專家發現合併車道其實比較好

  • If everyone drives up to the bottleneck and goes one-by-one like a zipper,

    如果大家到瓶頸路口都交叉合併,像拉鍊一樣

  • traffic moves up to 15% faster.

    交通速度最多可以快 15%

  • We use both lanes at max capacity, no one gets cheated, everyone wins!

    最大容量時,我們都用同一個車道,沒有人例外,大家都是贏家

  • The more you know.

    你又知道更多知識了

  • And where were we?

    我們到哪裡了?

  • Oh yeah.

    喔對!

  • Our innate sense of "what's fair" leads to the biggest psychological illusion that we experience on the road.

    我們天生對於「公平」的直覺,導致開車時心理上嚴重的錯覺

  • Why does traffic always move faster in the other lane?

    為什麼總是覺得別的車道比較快?

  • Well, spoilers first : It doesn't.

    破梗一下 : 其實不是這樣

  • Let's say two cars enter your standard stop-and-go traffic jam side by side.

    我們假設兩台車在塞車的標準車陣中並列

  • Let's count the time each one spends passing versus getting passed.

    我們來計時,看看被超越以及超越別人的時間

  • One driver zips past a few cars in the other lane,

    其中一台超了幾台車切到另一個車道

  • only to stop and wait and watch other cars pass.

    又要停下來等其它車經過

  • And then go!

    又走了一段

  • WOO HOO!

    唷呼!

  • And then wait.

    等一下

  • Even if the two cars cross some invisible finish line together, the same way they started,

    即使兩輛車並列於無形的起點,並同時起步

  • each driver will feel like they spent more time being passed than passing,

    駕駛會覺得被別人超越的時間比起超越別人的時間還要多

  • because they did.

    因為真的是這樣

  • Our brains pay more attention to the losses than the gains.

    比起收穫,我們的大腦更在意損失

  • All of this points to the real problem with traffic.

    這就是交通的實際問題

  • (It's) Our ego.

    是我們的自我

  • Human drivers care about minimizing their travel time

    駕駛們在意的是把行車時間減到最少

  • and don't give two honks about what other drivers want.

    一點都不在乎其他駕駛想怎樣

  • "Driving slower may be faster for everyone else, but it's not faster for me!"

    「慢慢開車可能對有些人來說比較快,但對我來說不是!」

  • "I don't care if we all get where we're going at the same time,

    「我不在意大家都在同一個時間抵達

  • I don't like being passed!"

    我只是不喜歡被超越!」

  • When leaf-cutter ants get stuck on a twig behind a heavily-loaded slowpoke,

    當切葉蟻被搬重物的緩速螞蟻堵在樹梢

  • do they honk and yell bad ant words?

    牠們有按喇叭或是飆髒話嗎?

  • No!

    沒有!

  • They simply slow down and march behind the ant returning with the goods,

    牠們只是放慢速度,然後排在搬著物資回巢的螞蟻後面

  • because that's what's best for the group.

    因為這麼做對團體是最好的

  • Worker ants are all related and working toward the same goal, the good of the colony.

    工蟻之間息息相關,為的是共同的目標,群體利益

  • That's the cooperative genetic programming that underlies their awesome traffic systems.

    基因遺傳著互助合作的本能,成為牠們優秀交通系統的基礎

  • The fact that we have big, complicated brains is the very reason that we get stuck in traffic

    事實上就是我們複雜的大腦把我們困在車陣裡

  • and ants don't.

    而螞蟻卻不會

  • We think of traffic as something that happens to us rather than admitting we are the problem.

    我們認為難免會碰上塞車,而不承認問題在我們身上

  • Ants are essentially tiny machines with simple programming.

    螞蟻本質上就是程式簡單的小機器人

  • Put them on a trail with a few rules, allow individuals to communicate and interact with each other,

    把牠們放在規則簡單的道路上,讓牠們彼此溝通互動

  • and voila, you've got complex traffic networks running at near-maximum efficiency.

    你看,複雜的交通網絡幾乎以最高效率運作

  • Sound familiar?

    似曾相識嗎?

  • It should!

    應該的!

  • That's basically what we'll get when we stop letting our egos drive

    基本上我們只要停止帶著自我開車

  • and put traffic in the hands of a network of self-driving cars optimized to serve the collective good.

    並把方向盤自動駕駛系統就可以最大化全體的利益

  • Sure, sentient machines may enslave humanity,

    當然,有感知的機器人可能會奴役人類

  • but at least they'll cut down on our commute!

    但是它們至少不會中斷我們的交通

  • But that's a video for another day.

    但那是改天的影片了

  • Stay curious.

    保持好奇

  • Thanks to Prudential for sponsoring this episode.

    感謝 Prudential 對這支影片的贊助

  • Saving a little more today, even just one percent more of your annual income,

    每天省下多一點,即使只是你每年的百分之一

  • can go a long way toward building a better retirement tomorrow.

    都有助於建立良好的退休生活

  • Let's do a math equation.

    來題數學題

  • Say a 25 year-old that earns $40,000 a year is planning on retiring at 70.

    有一個 25 歲的人每年賺 4 萬元,並打算在 70 歲退休

  • If they save an additional 1% of their salary by deducting $33 from their monthly paycheck

    如果他們將 1% 的薪水存下來,也就是每個月扣除 33 塊錢

  • and earn 6% compounding interest,

    然後獲得 6% 的複合利息

  • they could increase their retirement savings by about $97,944.

    他們退休時儲存金將增加到 97,944 元

  • You can go to RaceForRetirement.com for more information.

    你可以到 RaceForRetirement.com 找到更多相關資訊

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