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  • - [Professor Tyler Cowen] I love economics. I began studying economics when I was 13 and I

    我熱愛經濟學 打從十三歲時就開始學習經濟學了

  • haven't stopped yet. Economics really has changed my life and the whole way I see

    而至今我仍未停止 經濟學改變了我的人生以及我對世界的看法

  • the world. What's so powerful about the discipline is just how much it shapes how

    它的原則是如此的強大,型塑了

  • you understand everything around you.

    你認知世界以及所有你周遭事物的結構

  • - [Professor Alex Tabarrok] But perhaps you're asking, what's my incentive to learn

    或許你會這麼提問 我學習經濟學的動機是什麼呢

  • economics? Well, that's a great question. You've already hit on a key economic

    真是個好問題 你已經觸及到了經濟學的關鍵了

  • insight, incentives. For example, why is the service at a local restaurant

    「動機」 舉例來說,為什麼地方性的餐館業服務

  • typically so much better than from the cable company?

    原則上優於電信業如此之多呢?

  • - Or why do laws which supposedly protect endangered species,

    又為什麼那些當初為了保護瀕臨滅絕的物種所立的法案

  • sometimes end up with more of those animals being killed?

    有時造成的結果反而導致更多的動物被殺害呢?

  • - Or why do big toy companies sometimes advocate for

    或為什麼玩具業大廠有時會提倡那些

  • regulations which raise their costs? Incentives are the key.

    會提高成本的規章呢? 關鍵之處就在於「動機」

  • - Another example might help us explain. Way back in 1787, the British

    另一個例子或許能夠幫助我們來解釋 回溯到1787年,大英帝國政府

  • government hired sea captains to ship convicted felons to Australia.

    雇用船隊運載重刑犯到澳洲

  • The conditions on those ships were just awful. On one voyage, more than one-third of the

    那些船隻的狀況真的是糟透了 在一次的航程當中超過三分之一的人

  • men died and the rest arrived beaten, starved and sick. The public was outraged,

    喪命而剩下的那些則是在力竭、飢餓與病痛之鐘抵達 當時整個社會都相當的憤慨

  • newspapers called for better conditions, the clergy appealed to the captain's sense

    報章雜誌紛紛要求改善這種情況, 神職人員向船長們呼籲

  • of humanity, and British Parliament passed regulations requiring better treatment of

    人道觀念,英國議會通過善待罪犯的需求規範

  • these prisoners. Unfortunately, those attempted solutions simply didn't work.

    不幸的是這些解決方案就是沒有實質成效

  • The death rate remained shockingly high.

    死亡率依舊維持在瘋狂的水準

  • - So Tyler, as a good economist. How would you solve this problem?

    那麼Tyler,你做為一個優秀的經濟學者 你會怎麼樣解決這個難題呢?

  • - Well, there was one economist at the time who came up with a

    當時一位經濟學家想出了一個

  • novel solution. It was implemented and it basically worked. Instead of paying the

    奇特的辦法,在實施之後相當的成功 取代以

  • captains for each prisoner who embarked to Australia, the government would pay the

    每個出發前往澳洲的罪犯為單位支付給船隊的方式 政府改以

  • captains only for the prisoners who arrived alive. Overnight, the incentives

    生還抵達澳洲的罪犯為單位作為支付單位 一夕之間船隊的動機

  • of the sea captains changed. The survival rate of the prisoners shot up to 99%.

    因此而改變了 罪犯的存活率

  • As one observer put it, economy beat sentiment and benevolence.

    飆升到99%在外界看來

  • - So what's your incentive to learn economics? People hear that I'm

    經濟學戰勝了善感與仁慈

  • an economist and they ask me about managing their money. And economics does

    那麼什麼是你學習經濟的動機呢? 人們知道我是經濟學家

  • have some lessons for investing in the stock market, but economics is much

    他們常問我關於理財方面的問題

  • broader than that. It's the study of human action, how people make choices and how

    經濟學和投資股票市場是有相當關連性的 但經濟學其實

  • they should make choices under scarcity. Economics will help you with your choices,

    遠比這個多得更多了 它其實是一門人類行為的學問:人們如何做出選擇

  • whether picking a career, parenting a child, or deciding how much education is a

    如何在經濟蕭條的時期該如何做出選擇 經濟學會幫助你做出選擇

  • truly worthwhile investment. Overall, economics will give you a deeper

    不管是職涯選擇、養育子女 或是決定投入多少程度的進修

  • understanding of the key issues of our time.

    是筆值得的投資 整體來說,經濟學會讓你對

  • - Economics can be hard. Retraining your brain to look at the world

    時間這項關鍵擁有更深的一層認識

  • in a different way isn't always easy.

    經濟學可以是很困難的 重新鍛鍊你大腦以不同的角度看待世界

  • - But the reward is a new set of eyes to see the world.

    的方式 這並不都是容易的

  • So are you ready to begin?

    不過獎賞就是一雙嶄新的雙眼來看世界

- [Professor Tyler Cowen] I love economics. I began studying economics when I was 13 and I

我熱愛經濟學 打從十三歲時就開始學習經濟學了

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