both thinking about our community life

我的工作在於

being part of the environment

把我們的生活

where architecture grows from the natural

與在地環境連結

local conditions and traditions.

就如同建築物

Today I brought two recent projects

總是跟在地風俗民情息息相關

as an example of this.

今天我要舉兩個例子

Both projects are in emerging countries,

是最近的建築企劃案

one in Ethiopia and another one in Tunisia.

兩個企畫案都在兩個新興的國家

And also they have in common

一個在衣索匹亞 另一個在突尼西亞

that the different analyses from different perspectives

這兩個國家有個相同之處

becomes an essential part of the final piece of architecture.

在於其不同的分析與觀點

The first example started with an invitation

皆變成了建築上極為重要的一環

to design a multistory shopping mall

第一個例子 就從接到一個設計案的邀請講起

in Ethiopia's capital city Addis Ababa.

那是一個設計購物中心的案子

And this is the type of building

位於阿地斯阿貝巴（衣索匹亞首都）

we were shown as an example, to my team and myself,

這個建築物的類型

of what we had to design.

就是我們團隊所收到的範例

At first, the first thing I thought was,

要把購物中心設計成這樣

I want to run away.

我看到這個的第一個念頭就是

(Laughter)

我可以落跑嗎？

After seeing a few of these buildings --

(笑聲)

there are many in the city --

在看過幾個像這樣的範例

we realized that they have three very big points.

這種設計在城裡隨處可見

First, these buildings, they are almost empty

我們知道這些設計都有三個特徵

because they have very large shops

第一 購物中心內總是很冷清

where people cannot afford to buy things.

因為裡面都是非常大的店面

Second, they need tons of energy to perform

一般民眾買不起裡面的東西

because of the skin treatment with glass

第二 裡面需要相當大的電力供應

that creates heat in the inside,

因為玻璃帷幕

and then you need a lot of cooling.

會使內部溫度升高

In a city where this shouldn't happen

因此需要裝設大量空調

because they have really mild weather

這不應該發生在這個城市

that ranges from 20 to 25 degrees the whole year.

因為當地的氣候非常涼爽

And third is that their image has nothing to do

年均溫只有攝氏20-25度

with Africa and with Ethiopia.

第三 這些建築物的外觀設計

It is a pity in a place that has such rich culture and traditions.

跟非洲或衣索匹亞都毫無關係

Also during our first visit to Ethiopia,

這對於一個擁有豐富文化與 傳統的地方來說實在非常可惜

I was really captivated by the old merkato

我們首次造訪衣索匹亞時

that is this open-air structure

我對於老莫卡托尤其喜愛

where thousands of people, they go and buy things

那是一個開放式結構

every day from small vendors.

每天都有幾千人進去

And also it has this idea of the public space

跟小攤販買東西

that uses the outdoors to create activity.

這就是運用公共場所的想法

So I thought, this is what I really want to design,

用開放空間創造商機

not a shopping mall.

我想這就是我真正想設計的東西

But the question was how we could do a multistory,

而不是一個購物中心

contemporary building with these principles.

但問題在於怎麼把這些原則

The next challenge was when we looked at the site,

運用在一個多樓層的現代建築

that is, in a really growing area of the city,

另一個挑戰是 我們去看建築地時

where most of these buildings that you see in the image,

當然 是在城市裡非常繁榮的地方

they were not there.

大部分建築就跟照片裡一樣

And it's also between two parallel streets

不在那邊

that don't have any connection for hundreds of meters.

它也在兩條平行路之間

So the first thing we did was to create a connection

兩條路在幾公里內都無相交

between these two streets,

我們第一項要做的事就是讓

putting all the entrances of the building.

兩條路有交點

And this extends with an inclined atrium

讓建築物到處都有入口可進出

that creates an open-air space in the building

使建築有一個傾斜的天井

that self-protects itself with its own shape

就成了一個開放空間

from the sun and the rain.

這種造型設計也達到了

And around this void

遮陽擋雨的目的

we placed this idea of the market with small shops,

在此天井周圍

that change in each floor because of the shape of the void.

能設置很多的小攤販

I also thought, how to close the building?

此造型也讓每層樓都有不同風貌

And I really wanted to find a solution

我又再想 怎麼關閉這棟建築？

that would respond to the local climate conditions.

我很想找出個方法

And I started thinking about the textile

迎合當地的天氣狀況

like a shell made of concrete

我想到用布料

with perforations that would let the air in,

在貝殼狀的建築物外

and also the light, but in a filtered way.

穿孔能讓空氣進入

And then the inspiration came from these beautiful patterns of the Ethiopian women's dresses.

陽光也能進入 但不是直射

That they have fractal geometry properties

靈感來自於 衣索匹亞婦女服飾上那些漂亮的鈕釦

and this helped me to shape the whole facade.

那是一些幾何圖形

And we are building that

幫助我想出了外牆的設計

with these small prefabricated pieces

我們只是建造出

that are the windows that let the air and the light

有一些預製構件的東西

in a controlled way inside the building.

就是讓空氣與陽光

And this is complemented by these small colored glasses

以被控制的方式進入建築

that use the light from the inside of the building

也補充一些彩色玻璃

to light up the building at night.

讓建築在晚上藉由內部的亮光

With these ideas it was not easy first to convince the developers

讓建築在晚上發亮

because they were like,

這些想法一開始很難說服那些建商

"This is not a shopping mall. We didn't ask for that."

因為他們只想說

But then we all realized that this idea of the market

「這不是購物中心！我們沒要你這樣搞啊！」

happened to be a lot more profitable than the idea of the shopping mall

但最後我們都了解

because basically they had more shops to sell.

這類型的市場 比購物中心來得賺錢

And also that the idea of the facade was much, much cheaper,

因為這基本上能容納較多的店家

not only because of the material compared with the glass,

也因為外牆設計省了非常多的錢

but also because we didn't need to have air conditioning anymore.

不只是因為省去玻璃帷幕的關係

So we created some budget savings

也因為裡面完全用不著吹冷氣

that we used to implement the project.

藉由實行這些方法

And the first implementation was to think

這就省下了不少預算

about how we could make the building self-sufficient in terms of energy

第一個成就就是

in a city that has electricity cuts almost every day.

怎麼讓建築自供電力

So we created a huge asset by placing photovoltaics there on the roof.

因為城裡幾乎每天都有斷電措施

And then under those panels

所以我們在屋頂 設置相當多的太陽能板

we thought about the roof like a new public space with gathering areas and bars

在那些太陽能板下面

that would create this urban oasis.

能增加一個新的公共場所 一個聚會場所或是酒吧

And these porches on the roof,

這能造就一個都市綠洲

all together they collect the water to reuse for sanitation on the inside.

而這些頂樓的入口

Hopefully by the beginning of next year, because we are already on the fifth floor of the construction.

能收集水並讓內部的 公共衛生設施重複利用

The second example is a master plan

我們極有希望在明年初就能完工 因為進度已經建到了第五層樓

of 2,000 apartments and facilities in the city of Tunis.

第二個例子是一個總體設計

And for doing such a big project, the biggest project I've ever designed,

在突尼斯市的兩千戶公寓

I really needed to understand the city of Tunis,

做這個非常大的企劃案 事實上是我接過最大的企劃案

but also its surroundings and the tradition and culture.

我需要非常了解突尼斯這個城市

During that analysis I paid special attention to the medina

不管是周圍的事物 或是當地的傳統與文化

that is this 1,000-year-old structure that used to be closed by a wall,

在分析過程中 我對麥地那有很特別的印象

opened by twelve different gates, connected by almost straight lines.

那是一個用城牆包覆住的結構 已有上千年歷史

When I went to the site, the first design operation we did

有12個不同的大門 幾乎是用直線連接

was to extend the existing streets, creating 12 initial blocks

當我去到當地 第一件要做的就是

similar in size and characteristics to the ones we have in Barcelona

拓寬街道，造出12個基礎模塊

and other cities in Europe with these courtyards.

相同大小與特性 跟巴塞隆納的一樣

On top of that, we selected some strategic points

在歐洲其他城市也有的庭院

reminded of this idea of the gates and connecting them by straight lines,

我們做了幾個關鍵要點

and this modified this initial pattern.

有了大門用直線聯結的啟發

And the last operation was to think about the cell,

這更改了最初的格局

the small cell of the project, like the apartment,

最後的工作就是那些房間

as an essential part of the master plan.

就像是公寓裡的小房間

And for that I thought, what would be the best orientation

是這個企劃最重要的環節

in the Mediterranean climate for an apartment?

對於這個 我一直想什麼是最能適應

And it's north-south, because it creates a thermal difference between both sides of the house

地中海型氣候的公寓？

and then a natural ventilation.

南北向的房子讓室內前後溫度不均

So we overlap a pattern that makes sure that most of the apartments

并帶來自然的通風

are perfectly oriented in that direction.

所以我們修改了部分格局 確保大部分公寓

And this is the result

都是面對好的方位

that is almost like a combination of the European block and the Arab city.

這就是成果

It has these blocks with courtyards,

這就像是結合了 歐洲與阿拉伯風格的城市

and then on the ground floor

在中庭有這種街道

you have all these connections for the pedestrians.

在底層

And also it responds to the local regulations that establish

行人都能暢行無阻

a higher density on the upper levels and a lower density on the ground floor.

這也迎合了當地的規矩

And it also reinforces this idea of the gates.

就是高樓層較多住戶 低樓層則較少住戶

The volume has this connecting shape

這也在大門加強了這種概念

that shades itself with three different types of apartments

這空間的形狀

and also lets the light go on the ground floor in a very dense neighborhood

也替三種不同的公寓遮陰

And in the courtyards there are the different facilities,

也能讓陽光透過非常密集的公寓群

such as a gym and a kindergarten

在中庭有不同的設施

and close by, a series of commercial [spaces] that bring activity to the ground floor.

例如健身房和幼稚園

The roof, which is my favorite space of the project

在低樓層附近 也有商業空間帶來商機

is almost like giving back to the community the space taken by the construction.

屋頂是我最喜歡的部分

And it's where all the neighbors, they can go up and socialize,

那就像是還給社區 被建築佔去的空間

and do activities such as having a two-kilometer run in the morning,

也提供住戶一個社交的場所

jumping from one building to another.

或是能在上頭做兩公里的晨跑

These two examples,

也能在每棟房子間跳來跳去

they have a common approach in the design process.

這兩個例子

And also, they are in emerging countries where you can see

都有相同的設計方法

the cities literally growing.

也同樣存在於

In these cities, the impact of architecture in people's lives of today and tomorrow

正在成長的新興城市

changes the local communities and economies at the same speed as the buildings grow.

在這些城市 建築影響著人們的生活

For this reason, I see even more importance

改變了在地社區與經濟 與建築一起成長

to look at architecture finding simple but affordable solutions

就因為這幾個原因讓我覺得

that enhance the relationship between the community and the environment

尋找簡單又經濟的方法是非常重要的

and that aim to connect nature and people.

目的在於加強社區與環境的聯結

Thank you very much.

講人類與自然聯繫在一起

(Applause)

謝謝大家